商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄植株性状、产量及效益的影响

为减少化肥用量，提高肥料利用率，探明商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄植株性状、产量及效益的影响，作者开展了温室秋茬番茄生产商品有机肥替代部分化肥的栽培试验，以明确商品有机肥替代化肥的最佳比例。试验结果表明，商品有机肥替代部分化肥作基肥对番茄的植株性状、产量有积极作用，每667 m²施三元复合肥160 kg、商品有机肥400 kg作基肥，番茄每667 m²产量为6 125 kg、收益达22 374.35元，同时减少了20%的化肥用量。     

有机复混肥替代化肥减施对日光温室番茄生长及土壤环境的影响

为探讨日光温室栽培番茄化肥减量施用技术,通过有机复混肥替代化肥减施不同比例氮,研究其对日光温室番茄植株生长、果实品质、产量、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量等各项指标的影响。结果表明,与对照CK(鸡粪2 000 kg·667 m~(-2)+常规化肥量333 kg·667 m~(-2))相比,有机复混肥替代化肥的减氮施肥处理可不同程度地促进番茄生长,增加产量,改善土壤环境。其中T3(鸡粪2 000 kg·667 m~(-2)+有机复混肥46.88 kg·667 m~(-2)+化肥283 kg·667 m~(-2))处理,即有机复混肥替代减施氮含量15%的化肥,效果显著,番茄植株生长状况最好,产量品质最佳。     

微生物菌剂对设施番茄连作障碍的 防治效果

摘要：为探索微生物菌剂对番茄连作障碍的防治效果，通过在3个地点5年连作番茄的设施地块 上施用不同用量微生物菌剂，以98%棉隆M G处理为对照，比较分析番茄生育性状、产量和效益。 结果表明：667 m2 用20 kg微生物菌剂效果最佳，可改善番茄生育性状，与对照相比较，株高增加 4.8～6.0 cm，茎粗、单果质量、单株结果数、病株率均无显著差异，667 m2 节本增效480～840元；同时 省时省力，无环境污染，能够优化土壤微生态结构。     

BGA土壤调理剂在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄上的应用效果

为探究BGA土壤调理剂在宁夏贺兰山东麓3 a生酿酒葡萄上的合理施用量及效果,现对BGA不同施用量对酿酒葡萄的生长发育及产量品质的影响进行研究,以期评价BGA土壤调理剂的施用效果.结果表明:施用BGA土壤调理剂可以有效促进酿酒葡萄植株的生长,增加葡萄叶片叶绿素含量及百叶鲜干重,同时提高果实产量及品质;通过经济效益分析,最佳经济效益有机肥量为344.86 kg/667m2,因此贺兰山东麓区3 a生酿酒葡萄BGA的合理施用量为200～400 kg/667m2.     

棚室黄瓜高产喜“四肥”

增施有机肥有机肥对黄瓜持续高产,活化和改良土壤都起着主要作用。生产中应每667m2施腐熟的猪厩粪2 500～3 000kg或土粪5 000kg。黄瓜施用化肥要少吃多餐,底肥每667m2施二铵25～30kg,硫酸钾23～27kg。黄瓜生长过程中需随时追     

多元双效有机肥—麦饭石在马铃薯上应用效果

研究使用双效有机肥—麦饭石配合化肥施用对马铃薯产量的影响.试验表明,每667 m2产量2109.522 kg,较对照增产10.17%.多元双效有机肥—麦饭石具有培肥地力、改善土壤结构、提高土壤保水保肥能力的作用,从而有利于土壤中养分的转化利用,使马铃薯地上茎叶繁茂,提高植株光合作用,保证块茎形成期的养分需要,有利于块茎膨大,增加大、中薯率,提高马铃薯的产量和品质     

降低韭菜硝酸盐含量的农艺措施研究

以氮、磷肥料合理施用及有效酸比,研究降低韭菜硝酸盐含量的农艺措施.结果表明:春季3～4月份,韭菜追施氮素化肥以纯氮5 kg/667 m2时,产品中硝酸盐含量符合国家标准.5～9月份单独追施氮素化肥,纯氮量0～20 kg/667m2范围内,硝酸盐累积量随追施数量的增加而增加;单独施用磷肥,当追施过磷酸钙数量＜61.88 kg/667 m2时,韭菜叶片中硝酸盐累积量随着施用磷肥量的增加而减少.在低肥力土壤,以纯N量20 kg/667m2的氮素化肥与P2O5量4.6 kg/667 m2的磷肥充分混合后沟施,韭菜的产量高且硝酸盐累积量低.     

蚯蚓粪、牛粪、商品有机肥在番茄上的 应用效果试验

摘要：为研究蚯蚓粪在番茄生产上的最佳用量,以番茄“希唯美191”为试材,采取完全随机设计, 比较不同用量蚯蚓粪与不同用量牛粪及商品有机肥对番茄长势、产量、品质等的影响。结果表明：施用蚯 蚓粪提高了土壤碱性,但降低了土壤盐害;施用牛粪增加了土壤盐含量,且土壤有机质含量随牛粪施用量 的增加而增加;定植前,施用牛粪有利于作物养分的供应,蚯蚓粪比普通有机肥在土壤中会更快、更多地 释放有效养分。定植前增施有机肥有利于番茄快速生长,T3（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）、T4（667 m2 增施蚯 蚓粪3 t）、T6（667 m2 增施牛粪2 t）、T7（667 m2 增施牛粪3 t）处理的番茄长势、产量、品质均优于其他 处理,尤其是T3处理（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）的番茄产量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸 比均最高,较对照分别提高了39.82%、1.2个百分点、0.2个百分点和26.43%,总酸含量最低,较对照降低 19.37%,果实品质最好。     

生物有机肥对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响

以144番茄为试材,研究了酵素菌生物有机肥对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥与化肥配施可显著促进番茄植株的生长,提高产量,同时,亦可改善果实营养品质与风味,尤其可显著增加果实的番茄红素含量,降低果实硝酸盐含量。单施生物有机肥及生物有机肥与化肥配施的番茄产量分别达5463·7和5937.8kg·(667m2)-1,分别比单施化肥增产7.2%和16.5%,纯收入增加8.0%和11.3%。     

生物有机肥对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响

以144番茄为试材,研究了酵素菌生物有机肥对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥与化肥配施可显著促进番茄植株的生长,提高产量,同时,亦可改善果实营养品质与风味,尤其可显著增加果实的番茄红素含量,降低果实硝酸盐含量。单施生物有机肥及生物有机肥与化肥配施的番茄产量分别达5463·7和5937.8kg·(667m2)-1,分别比单施化肥增产7.2%和16.5%,纯收入增加8.0%和11.3%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.