烟草番茄斑萎病的研究进展

烟草番茄斑萎病是一类在局部地区产生严重危害的烟草病害,由布尼亚病毒科番茄斑萎病毒属典型成员烟草番茄斑萎病毒系统侵染引起。目前该病在中国许多省均有发生的报道,在云南烟区广泛分布,在局部地区可造成60%以上的严重损失,烟草番茄斑萎病被认为是世界上对烟草最具潜在危险病害之一,较为系统全面的综述了烟草番茄斑萎病的发生与分布,病害症状学,病原物,致病机制,病毒基因组结构和功能以及病害的流行及控制等方面的研究进展。     

释放捕食螨对蓟马传播烟草番茄斑萎病的控制效果

为有效防治烟田西花蓟马和烟草番茄斑萎病,分别在烟草移栽期和团棵期研究释放捕食螨种类、密度及捕食螨带白僵菌对烟田西花蓟马引起烟草番茄斑萎病的控制效果。结果表明:释放斯氏钝绥螨对烟草番茄斑萎病的控制效果略好于胡瓜钝绥螨;结合成本和防效考虑,移栽期和团棵期胡氏钝绥螨较适宜的释放密度分别为2.25×10~6头/hm~2和3.75×10~6头/hm~2;释放带球孢白僵菌的捕食螨防效低于不带球孢白僵菌的捕食螨。     

番茄斑萎病毒及其与传播介体西花蓟马互作的研究进展

番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)是一种世界性危害农业生产的植物病毒,主要通过西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)以持久增殖型方式进行传播,可对番茄、生菜、辣椒等蔬菜及花卉、烟草等经济作物生产造成严重损失。从番茄斑萎病毒的特征、传播介体、传播途径、病毒与介体互作对番茄斑萎病毒传播的影响等方面进行归纳总结,旨为番茄斑萎病的预防和控制提供参考。     

烟田不同挂板密度情况下蓝板防治蓟马效果影响

烟草绿色防控技术是发展现代烟草农业的趋势和需要,对提高烟叶质量,保障烟叶质量安全具有重要意义。本试验于2020年在云南省楚雄烟区武定县猫街镇开展,对比300、450和600张/hm_²三种不同挂板密度情况下蓝板防治蓟马效果,得出结论：蓝板在田间最佳的挂板密度为600张/hm_²时,诱杀蓟马效果最好,适合云南省武定县烟田更好诱杀蓟马,降低番茄斑萎病发生。     

Tomato mottle mosaic virus: Characterization,resistance gene effectiveness,and quintuplex RT-PCR detection system

Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), an economically important species of the genus Tobamovirus, causes significant loss in yield and quality of tomato fruits. Here, we identified the Shandong isolate of ToMMV (ToMMV-SD) collected from symptomatic tomato fruits in Weifang, Shandong Province of China. ToMMV-SD caused symptoms such as severe mosaic, mottling, and necrosis of tomato leaves, yellow spot and necrotic lesions on tomato fruits. The obtained full genome of ToMMV-SD was 6 399 nucleotides (accession number MW373515) and had the highest identity of 99.5% with that of isolate SC13-051 from the United States of America at the genomic level. The infectious clone of ToMMV-SD was constructed and induced clear mosaic and necrotic symptoms onto Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Several commercial tomato cultivars, harboring Tm-2² resistance gene, and pepper cultivars, containing L resistance gene, were susceptible to ToMMV-SD. Plants of Solanum melongena (eggplant) and Brassica pekinensis (napa cabbage) showed mottling symptoms, while N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100 displayed latent infection. ToMMV-SD did not infect plants of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN, Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (bok choy), Raphanus sativus (radish), Vigna unguiculata cv. Yuanzhong 28-2 (cowpea), or Tm-2² transgenic N. benthamiana. A quintuplex RT-PCR system differentiated ToMMV from tomato mosaic virus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus, with the threshold amount of 0.02 pg. These results highlight the threat posed by ToMMV to tomato and pepper cultivation and offer an efficient detection system for the simultaneous detection of four tobamoviruses and tomato spotted wilt virus infecting tomato plants in the field.     

Biological and molecular characterization of tomato brown rugose fruit virus and development of quadruplex RT-PCR detection

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus(ToBRFV) is a novel tobamovirus firstly reported in 2015 and poses a severe threat to the tomato industry. So far, it has spread to 10 countries in America, Asia, and Europe. In 2019, ToBRFV was identified in Shandong Province(ToBRFV-SD), China. In this study, it was shown that ToBRFV-SD induced mild to severe mosaic and blistering on leaves, necrosis on sepals and pedicles, and deformation, yellow spots, and brown rugose necrotic lesions on fruits. ToBRFV-SD induced distinct symptoms on plants of tomato, Capsicum annumm, and Nicotiana benthamiana, and caused latent infection on plants of Solanum tuberosum, Solanum melongena, and N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 102. All the 50 tomato cultivars tested were highly sensitive to ToBRFV-SD. The complete genomic sequence of ToBRFV-SD shared the highest nucleotide and amino acid identities with isolate IL from Israel. In the phylogenetic tree constructed with the complete genomic sequence, all the ToBRFV isolates were clustered together and formed a sister branch with tobacco mosaic virus(TMV). Furthermore, a quadruplex RT-PCR system was developed that could differentiate ToBRFV from other economically important viruses affecting tomatoes, such as TMV, tomato mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the biological and molecular characteristics of ToBRFV and provide an efficient and effective detection method for multiple infections, which is helpful in the management of ToBRFV.     

移栽期和烟草马铃薯套作对烟草主要病害的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了移栽期、烟草马铃薯套作对烟草青枯病、黑胫病、马铃薯Y病毒病(PVY)、赤星病、烟草普通花叶病毒病(TMV)、烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)等主要病害的影响.结果表明,移栽期提前和推迟对烟草青枯病、黑胫病、马铃薯Y病毒病发生均有较大影响,随着移栽期的推迟病情呈加重趋势;烟草马铃薯套作对烟草主要病害的发生均有显著影响,套作处理能加重青枯病、马铃薯Y病毒病、TMV、CMV的发生及危害.     

云南省烟草真菌、细菌、线虫病害调查研究

 1989～1992年共采集标本1087份,共鉴定真菌、细菌、线虫病害33种,与1984年云南省病虫草普查时所记载的烟草病害16种有所增加。由于这次标本采集包括了云南省玉溪、曲靖、红河、大理、昭通、红河、昆明等主要烟区,基本代表了云南省的情况。调查研究结果为今后制定病害防治决策、进行综合治理奠定了基础。     

寄主植物对西花蓟马的抗性研究概况*

 西花蓟马 (Frankliniella occidentalis) 属缨翅目(Thysanoptera)蓟马科 (Thripidae) 昆虫。原产于北美洲,目前已成为一种具有严重危害的世界性的大田和温室作物害虫。西花蓟马不仅能通过直接取食对寄主植物造成危害,还能传播多种 Tospoviruses 属的病毒,对寄主植物造成间接危害,对其的防治一直是世界各国植保工作者研究的重要课题。本文主要论述了当前寄主植物对西花蓟马抗性研究方面的最新进展。     

利用无致病力青枯菌株防治番茄青枯病的研究

自发突变的无致病力番茄青枯菌株Ｔｍ３具有产生细菌素的能力,对番茄青枯菌株Ｔｍ４６有较强的抑菌作用,且能诱导烟草植株产生过敏性反应。盆栽和小区试验结果表明,Ｔｍ３具有较好的防治番茄青枯病的能力。防病机理可能是细菌素的抗生素和诱导植物抗病性的双重作用。