西藏绒山羊KAP7.1和KAP8.2基因多态性及其对部分生产性状的影响

为分析西藏绒山羊角蛋白关联蛋白(KAP)7.1基因和8.2基因与生产性状的关系,采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术对340只西藏绒山羊KAP7.1基因和KAP8.2基因编码区序列进行多态性分析,并与体长、体高、胸围、产绒量、羊绒长度、羊毛长度等生产性状进行关联分析。结果显示:PCR-SSCP检测发现KAP7.1基因只有1种带型,KAP8.2基因有6种带型;KAP7.1基因扩增产物序列中未发现碱基变化;KAP8.2基因扩增产物序列中存在5个SNPs位点,分别为C115T、A207G、A214G、G216A和A278T,除了A278T外都位于编码区;对KAP8.2基因的基因型1、基因型2和基因型3与生产性能进行关联分析发现,基因型1个体的胸深和产绒量显著高于基因型3个体(P<0.05)。结果表明:KAP8.2基因可作为影响西藏绒山羊胸深和产绒量的分子辅助选择标记。     

KAP8.1基因多态对内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的影响

以角蛋白关联蛋白8.1(KAP8.1)基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术,在内蒙古绒山羊群体中进行基因多态性检测.结果检测到AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC六种基因型,A、B和C三种等位基因;测序结果验证融P8.1基因编码区存在T113G和G116C两个SNP位点(GenBank accession no.AY510122),这两个突变未改变KAP 8.1蛋白氨基酸序列;关联分析结果表明,不同基因型对产绒量、绒长度和毛长度有显著影响(P＜0.05),但对绒细度没有影响(P＞0.05);AB基因型和BB基因型产碱量显著高于其它基因型.分析认为该效应是由于T113G突变所造成,表明KAP8.1基因多态性可能是缄山羊产绒量的一个分子标记.     

山羊角蛋白14基因启动子分析及其多态性研究

以内蒙古白绒山羊DNA为模板,参照牛的角蛋白14(keratin 14,K14)基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增获得长度为2834 bp(GenBank登录号:JQ063036)的片段,包括山羊K14基因启动子区2631 bp和结构基因第1外显子区203 bp。序列比对山羊K14基因启动子序列及其多态性分析结果发现,山羊K14基因启动子结构与人K14基因启动子不同,只含有Sox-5、GATA-1、GATA-1/2结合位点等3个共同的转录因子结合位点。但与牛K14基因启动子有较高的相似性,含有Sox-5、SRY、CdxA、MyoD、MZF1、GATA-1/3、Nkx-2结合位点等7个共同的转录因子结合位点;并发现山羊K14基因启动子区存在deltaE、GATA-2、GATA-1、Sp-1、AML-1a等5处独有的转录因子结合位点。此外,对山羊K14基因启动子进行多态性分析,发现4处单核苷酸多态位点,其中2处SNPs位于Nkx-2(-2004--1996 bp)转录因子结合位点或Nkx-2(-1590--1583 bp)临近几个碱基内。     

轮台土种绒山羊KIF-I基因第1、3外显子的多态性分析

研究以轮台土种绒山羊为研究对象,利用Primer 5.0软件设计出1对引物,以成年山羊基因组DNA为模板,扩增山羊的KIF-I基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术研究轮台绒山羊KIF-I基因外显子1、3的基因多态性。结果表明:1KIF-I基因外显子1存在两种基因型:AA型、AB型;AA基因型频率0.36,AB基因型频率0.64。其中A等位基因频率0.82,B等位基因频率0.18。基因纯合度0.705,基因杂合度0.295。2KIF-I基因外显子3在轮台土种绒山羊品种上未发现多态性。     

隆林山羊肌细胞生成素基因的序列分析与结构预测

为了丰富优良地方品种隆林山羊的肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因遗传学基础信息,并探究其序列结构及其对山羊肌肉的发育分化调控机理。本研究设计1对特异性引物,采用PCR和克隆技术成功获得隆林山羊MyoG基因2419 bp长的DNA序列。结果表明,该基因包括3个外显子、2个内含子、部分5'UTR和3'UTR区,编码区DNA序列长675 bp,共编码224个氨基酸,该氨基酸序列无信号肽序列和跨膜结构。经同源性分析可知,隆林山羊MyoG编码区核苷酸序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种比对结果和氨基酸系统进化树的聚类结果相符,均显示隆林山羊与哺乳动物中的绵羊、牛和野猪的亲缘关系最近,氨基酸同源性达到95%以上。因此隆林山羊MyoG基因在哺乳动物中具有较高的保守性,而MyoG基因的克隆、序列分析和结构预测将为今后该基因的表达与调控、肉质改良、山羊开发利用等研究提供了更充分的分子生物学基础信息和理论依据。     

山羊Hairless基因片段的克隆及序列分析

为了探讨Hairless基因在山羊毛发生长中的特异性功能,选用已经报道的Hairless基因的保守序列设计引物,对内蒙古绒山羊的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,将扩增的目的片段克隆后测序,得到一段长1985bp的DNA序列,共涉及3段外显子和2段内含子,分别与已公布的牛和绵羊Hairless基因的cDNA序列比对,确定该绒山羊Hairless基因的特异性。     

KAP6.3基因与西藏绒山羊生产性状关系的研究

研究采用PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术,对西藏绒山羊KAP6.3基因编码区和3＇-UTR区进行多态性检测;利用SPSS13.0软件对发现的多态位点与体尺和产绒性能进行了相关性分析。结果发现,西藏绒山羊KAP6.3基因扩增区存在7个SNPs,分别为C134T、G148A、G170A、T210C、A217G、A229C和T284G。分别导致了Cys30Tyr、Ser51Pro、Tyr53Cys和Tyr57Ser共4处错义突变。数据统计结果表明,母羊在体高、十字部高等体尺性状方面显著优于公羊（P〈0.05）,而公羊在产绒性能如毛长和产绒量方面显著高于母羊（P〈0.05）。由此可见,KAP6.3基因可能是影响西藏绒山羊生产性能的主效基因或与之紧密连锁,可作为西藏绒山羊生产性状的辅助选择标记。     

广西隆林山羊MyoG基因的序列分析与结构预测

为了丰富优良地方品种隆林山羊的MyoG基因遗传学基础信息,并探究其序列结构及其对山羊肌肉的发育分化调控机理,设计1对特异性引物,采用PCR和克隆技术成功获得隆林山羊MyoG基因2419bp长的DNA序列,其包括3个外显子,2个内含子和部分5'UTR和3'UTR区,编码区DNA序列长675bp,共编码224个氨基酸.结构预测分析表明,MyoG所编码的氨基酸序列无信号肽序列和不存在跨膜结构.隆林山羊MyoG编码区核苷酸序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种比对结果和氨基酸系统进化树的聚类结果相符,均证明隆林山羊与哺乳动物中的绵羊、牛和野猪的亲缘关系最近.隆林山羊MyoG基因的克隆、序列分析和结构预测为今后该基因的表达与调控、肉质改良、山羊开发利用等的研究提供了更充分的分子生物学基础信息和理论依据.     

辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊CSN3基因遗传多态性的比较分析

试验以辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊为实验动物,采用PCR-RFLP技术对κ-酪蛋白基因(CSN3)的TaqⅠ酶切多态性进行分析,结果表明:辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊2个山羊群体中均存在CSN3基因TaqⅠ酶切位点的多态性,且均有A和B 2个等位基因。辽宁绒山羊群体等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.46和0.54;内蒙古绒山羊群体中等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.31和0.69。CSN3基因TaqⅠ酶切位点的基因型分布在辽宁绒山羊群体中极显著(P<0.01)偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理,在内蒙古绒山羊群体中符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(P>0.05),但在辽宁绒山羊与内蒙古绒山羊2个群体间存在极显著(P<0.01)差异。     

辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊K-酪蛋白基因的比较研究

对辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊,采用PCR-RFLP技术对K-酪蛋白基因(CSN3)的TaqⅠ酶切多态性进行分析,结果表明,辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊2个山羊群体中均存在CSN3基因TaqⅠ酶切位点的多态性,且均有A、B两个等位基因。辽宁绒山羊群体等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.46和0.54;内蒙古绒山羊群体中等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.31和0.69。CSN3基因TaqⅠ酶切位点的基因型分布在辽宁绒山羊群体中极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(P<0.01),在内蒙古绒山羊群体中符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(P>0.05),但两个群体间不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.