白化转绿型水稻三系不育系白丰A的选育

白丰A是用60Coγ射线诱变保持系Ⅱ-32B干种子,筛选叶色突变体并与Ⅱ-32A杂交和连续回交转育而成的苗期携带白化叶色标记的不育系.白丰A苗期第1～3叶表现叶缘白化,从第4叶开始转绿.利用这一特性在苗期即可鉴别并剔除杂交稻种子中的不育系自交种,从而有效地提高杂种纯度.白丰A的不育性、开花习性、主要农艺性状、稻米品质性状、抗病性、配合力均与Ⅱ-32A相似.该不育系已于2003年8月通过浙江省鉴定.     

水稻黄叶标记不育系黄玉A的选育

黄玉A是浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所用γ射线诱变Ⅱ-32B干种子,经筛选和回交转育而成的黄叶标记籼型不育系。黄玉A自出苗后第1片叶起,叶片就显示黄化特征,黄叶性状在整个生育期间表达稳定。与Ⅱ-32A相比,黄玉A的不育度、抗病性和开花习性较为接近,但柱头总外露率和双外露率明显较低,植株生长势较弱,然而,用黄玉A所配组合不仅优势明显,而且表现出明显的早熟效用。该不育系于2005年9月通过浙江省科技成果鉴定,所配组合黄优C23等在区试中表现出色,显示了良好的应用前景。     

实用转绿型叶色标记不育系白丰A的应用研究

用γ射线诱变Ⅱ32B干种子,筛选出苗期转绿型叶色突变体,并经回交选育,获得带转绿型叶色标记不育系白丰A。经考查,白丰A苗期第1~3叶表现叶片或叶缘白化,白化程度前2叶相对较高,4叶期开始转绿。该叶色突变性状受隐性单基因控制。白丰A主要花器性状和不育特性与Ⅱ32A相似,配合力仍保持Ⅱ32A的强优特点。不论稀播或密播,白丰A苗期生长均略慢于正常绿苗对照,但不会造成竞争致死。模拟杂交稻生产和制种繁种,表明利用苗期叶色标记结合人工去杂,可有效提高田间纯度。     

籼稻三系不育系祥A的生育特性及开花习性初探

对新育成籼型三系不育系祥A的生育特性及开花习性进行研究,结果表明:祥A比对照Ⅱ-32A(CK)株高略矮,单穗颖花数少,而单株穗数多;生育期对光温反应较敏感,播始历期(70~101 d)随播种期的推迟而缩短。祥A单丛日开花动态和花时分布情况与Ⅱ-32A(CK)相似,表现为开花高峰期不明显,花时欠集中,但开花历期较长,达12 d,其中午前花率高达71.2%,总柱头外露率为68.71%。     

籼型三系不育系育性与温、光的关系初探

通过分期播种试验,对生产上应用的水稻三系不育系天丰A、龙特浦A、Ⅱ-32A、金32A的花粉败育类型与始穗前15 d温、光条件的关系进行了探讨.结果表明,供试三系不育系的花粉败育程度在不同的温度下表现不同,天丰A的花粉可染率和自交结实率及Ⅱ-32A的花粉可染率均与始穗前15 d的日平均气温呈显著正相关,龙特浦A的花粉可染率和自交结实率均与始穗前15 d的日平均气温呈显著负相关,不育系育性与光长相关不显著.据初步观察,温度对不育系育性的影响时期为幼穗雌雄蕊分化期至减数分裂期.     

Ⅱ-32A/B花器性状和柱头外露特性初步研究

以水稻三系不育系冈46A及其保持系冈46B为对照,研究了水稻三系不育系Ⅱ-32A及其保持系Ⅱ-32B的花器性状和柱头外露特性。结果表明,Ⅱ-32A和Ⅱ-32B的单边柱头外露率、双边柱头外露率、总柱头外露率及柱头长度、面积、体积和上部颖花开颖角度均显著大于对照冈46A和冈46B。Ⅱ-32B/冈46BF2群体(498株)的总柱头外露率呈连续分布,表明水稻总柱头外露率是受多基因控制的数量性状。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育性恢复突变的初步研究

利用290 Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理细胞质雄性不育系Ⅱ-32A和协青早A,获得了育性恢复突变体,突变频率分别为8×10^-3和5×10^-3,从Ⅱ-32A中所获得的育性恢复突变体,在农艺性状上与Ⅱ-32A育性恢复突变体Ⅱ-32R,与Ⅱ-32A和珍汕97A测交,杂种结实率在70%以上,对测交后代的遗传分析表明,Ⅱ-32R对珍汕97A和Ⅱ-32A的育性恢复均涉及2对恢复基因。Ⅱ-32R与珍汕97A和Ⅱ-32A的杂种F2在结实率分布上存在差异,从中选出两个结实率较高的株系。表明诱导不育系产生育性恢复突变是获得细胞质雄性不育系恢源的一种有效方法。     

籼型三系不育系泉6A生育特性初步观察

通过对不育系泉6A的生育特性的初步观察发现：泉6A主茎总叶片数为16叶,与Ⅱ-32A相同;播始历期比Ⅱ-32A长3d左右,属迟熟籼型三系不育系;该不育系花期集中,花时早,柱头外露率高,开颖角度大,有利于繁殖制种获得高产。     

高异交率籼型三系不育系M98A的选育与利用

以保持龙特浦A的综合优良性状,改造其不育性稳定性和稻米品质为定向选育目标,用龙特浦B作母本,Ⅱ-32B作父本杂交,在F4代的优良株系中选株与龙特浦A测交并回交,经多代回交转育,育成高异交率籼型三系不育系M98A.M98A表现不育性稳定,异交结实率高,抗病性好,配合力强,2005年1月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定.用该不育系配组育成的杂交中籼组合,表现早熟、高产、抗病,其中明优98和农华优808已分别通过国家和安徽省品种审定.     

香型优质水稻三系不育系德香074A产量性状配合力分析

利用香型高配合力三系不育系德香074A及其他4个生产上应用面积较大的不育系(K22A、冈46A、Ⅱ-32A和K17A),按照NCⅡ设计的原理,分别与明恢63、成恢727、泸恢H103、泸恢8258和蜀恢527等5个恢复系杂交,构建双列杂交群体,分析了单株产量、单株有效穗数、单穗质量、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重等7个产量相关性状的遗传力及配合力。结果表明,德香074A共有6个性状一般配合力效应值为正值,分别是单株产量(9.04)、单株有效穗数(6.27)、单穗质量(3.29)、每穗实粒数(0.15)、结实率(1.40)和千粒重(2.40),是供试不育系中正值性状最多的不育系。7个性状中,千粒重的遗传力最强,广义和狭义遗传力分别为94.69%和80.69%,表明这一性状不易受环境的影响。     

杂交稻新品种Ⅱ优153特征特性及高产栽培技术

Ⅱ优153是宁德市农科所用Ⅱ-32A与自育的优质恢复系宁恢153配制而成的三系杂交水稻新品种,具有产量高,产量稳定性好,抗逆性强等优良特性,并于2007年通过福建省品种审定。介绍了Ⅱ优153的主要特征特性及作晚稻的栽培技术要点。     

Determination of Heterotic Groups and Heterosis Analysis of Yield Performance in indica Rice

To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis performance, 16 parental lines with extensive genetic variation were selected from various sub-groups, and 39 hybrid combinations were generated and evaluated in Fujian and Hainan Provinces of China. The main results were as follows:(1) The 16 parental lines can be grouped into 7 sub-groups consisting of 1 maintainer sub-group and 6 restorer sub-groups;(2) Mean grain yield of the restorer lines was higher than that of the maintainer lines, and mean yield of parental lines was higher than that of the hybrid combinations;(3) The two best heterotic patterns were II-32A × G5 and II-32A × G6, moreover, the order of restorer sub-groups according to grain yield, from the highest to lowest, was G7, G6, G5, G4, G3 and G2; High specific combining ability values were observed for combinations of II-32A × G5, II-32A × G6 and Tianfeng A × G7;(4) Hybrid combinations derived from II-32A crossed with 13 restorer lines had higher yield trait values(mid-parent heterosis, better-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check and specific combining ability) than any other combinations;(5) Genetic distance was positively correlated with panicle number, grain length and length-to-width ratio(P 0.05) and negatively correlated with grain width, grain yield, seed-setting rate, as well as mid-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check, and specific combining ability for grain yield(P 0.01). These heterotic groups and patterns and their argonomic traits will provide useful information for future hybrid rice breeding programs.     

杂交水稻新组合Ⅱ优153的选育与应用

Ⅱ优153是宁德市农业科学研究所用不育系Ⅱ-32A和自主选育的恢复系宁恢153配组育成的杂交水稻新组合,具有丰产性,稳产性较好,适应性广等优良特性,于2007年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了Ⅱ优153的选育过程、主要特征特性、栽培技术和制种技术要点。     

Molecular marker assisted selection for improvement of the eating,cooking and sensory quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

II-32B is a key maintainer line used for hybrid rice breeding in China. However, it is of poor quality for most Chinese consumers because of its high apparent amylose content (AAC), high gelatinization temperature (GT) and non-fragrance. It is well known that the AAC, GT and fragrance traits are largely controlled by the Wx, starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), and fragrance (fgr) genes, respectively. With the aid of functional markers, we improved the quality of II-32B by introgressing the Wx, SSIIa, and fgr genes from Yixiang B, a fragrant maintainer line that has low AAC and low GT. The microsatellite allele (CT)₁₇ of Wx, the contiguous single nucleotide polymorphism TT allele of SSIIa and the 8-bp deletion allele of fgr were transferred to II-32B by two backcrosses and three selfings. Molecular marker assisted selection was applied in the series to select for individuals carrying Wx-(CT)₁₇, SSIIa-TT, and fgr-deletion alleles. According to the marker genotypes, seventeen homozygous lines for Wx-(CT)₁₇, SSIIa-TT, and fgr gene markers were finally selected. The improved II-32B lines were fragrant with reduced AAC and GT.     

广适性高产稳产杂交水稻新组合Ⅱ优125

Ⅱ优125是福建省南平市农科所用Ⅱ-32A与恢复系南恢125配组育成的杂交中晚籼组合,具有适应性广、高产、稳产、增产潜力大等特性,适宜在长江中下游区域作一季中稻栽培,于2006年、2008年分别通过了福建省和国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

4个新育成籼型雄性不育系的生育特性与柱头活力观察

通过对4个新育成的籼型雄性不育系的生育特性与柱头活力进行系统观察,结果表明：4个新育成的不育系农艺性状优良、育性稳定,套袋无自交结实情况。其中412A柱头外露率最高达89．20％,558A、698A柱头外露率与对照II-32A相当,也都高于83％。412A的柱头活力保持时间最长且柱头活力下降较慢。通过观察研究认为,4个新不育系其各项育种指标较为完善,主要农艺性状优于II-32A,具有一定的应用价值。     

Ⅱ优118母本机插制种试验效果初报

Ⅱ优118是江苏省大华种业集团有限公司以Ⅱ-32A／华恢118配组育成的三系杂交籼稻新组合，2003年1月通过江苏农作物品种审定委员会审定，2011年进行母本机插制种试验，以母本人工移栽作对照，观察其生育特性、茎蘖动态、群体穗粒结构和抽穗开花特性。结果表明：母本机插与人工移栽的实际产量无太大差异，但能很好的节省成本，减轻劳动强度、提高工作效率。     

Development and Application of SCAR Markers for Discriminating Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines from Their Cognate Maintainer Lines in Indica Rice

The DNA fragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPA12 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B,and were sequenced.The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference.The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp.Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines.A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers,CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3,in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A,but not Zhenshan 97B.Furthermore,the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers,but not Zhenshan 97B.With the corresponding primers,the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA),namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A,but not in their maintainer lines.Moreover,using total DNA as template,each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line Ⅱ-32A,but not in II-32B,and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63.The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes.Taken together,these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA,and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.     

抗病高产杂交稻新组合Ⅱ优1288的选育与应用

Ⅱ优1288是海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所利用Ⅱ-32A与自选恢复系R1288组配育成的感温籼型杂交水稻新组合,具有高产稳产、抗稻瘟病、米质较优、制种易获高产等特点,于2009年通过海南省农作物品种审定。介绍了Ⅱ优1288的选育经过、主要特征特性、栽培技术和制种技术要点。     

杂交籼稻Ⅱ优838在建宁县的高产制种技术

Ⅱ优838是四川省原子能应用技术研究所用Ⅱ-32A为母本与辐恢838配组而成的杂交中籼组合,1995年5月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,1999年通过国家农作物品种审定。具有茎秆粗壮,耐肥抗倒,产量高,稳产性好,适应性广等特点,在南方籼稻区已大面积推广种植。根据多年对亲本的观察和制种实践,总结了该品种的高产制种技术。