进境郁金香种球腐烂病的病原鉴定

在来自荷兰的郁金香种球上发现一种能够在种球储藏期发生、为害的真菌病害.对发病种球进行病原菌分离纯化及形态学和分子生物学鉴定,经过科赫氏法则验证,确定引起该病害的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌郁金香专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tulipae).     

油桐枯萎病发生规律的研究

 油桐枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌油桐专化型(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.f.sp.aleuritidis)病害对油桐生产具严重毁灭性。死亡率可高达80%以上。     

山东省大豆根腐病病原菌及其生物学研究

 1988-1989年采集山东大豆根腐病标样553个,经分离接种证明,致病菌有茄病镰刀菌[Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.]、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum Schl.)和木贼镰刀菌[F.equiseti(Corda)Sacc.]三种,以茄病镰刀菌的分离频率最高,致病力最强,为主要致病菌。并对其培养特性、形态特征、寄主范围和光照、温度及pH对生长的影响进行了研究,根据这些研究结果,将大豆根腐病主要致病菌定名为茄病镰刀菌大豆专化型[Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.f.sp.glycines Li et Luo],本专化型过去没有报告。     

大蓟总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型生长、生理的影响及其田间防治效果

为探究大蓟总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis的抑制效果,采用微波超声法提取大蓟种子中的总黄酮,并测定其对其尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型生长、生理指标的影响及其田间防治效果。结果显示,大蓟总黄酮浓度为10 mg/mL时,对尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型的菌丝生长抑制率和孢子萌发抑制率达到100.0%,菌丝畸变、断裂;尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型OD650 nm和pH最小,分别为0.3和5.5;其电导率是对照组1.2倍。不同浓度大蓟总黄酮处理下尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型呼吸强度、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,羧甲基纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性降低,浓度为10 mg/mL大蓟总黄酮处理尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型60 h后,呼吸强度、SOD和CAT活性均降至最低,分别为7.8 mgCO2·cm-2·h-1、22.9 U/mL和20.8 U/mL。田间防治结果表明,浓度为10 mg/mL大蓟总黄酮处理下,甜瓜枯萎株数最少,防治效果最佳,为93.5%。表明大蓟总黄酮能够有效地抑制尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型生长,具有进一步发展为绿色新型植物源尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型防治剂的能力。     

莲耦腐败病的研究

 1984-1987年从汉中地区平川六县市采集莲藕腐败病标样41份,经分离鉴定,致病性和专化型测定表明,莲尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.nelumbicola)和缺性腐霉(Pythium elongatum)是该病病原菌,砖红镰刀菌(F.lateritium)对莲藕不致病。调查表明,种藕和土壤带菌是发病的主要原因;7月中旬至8月上旬的气候条件与病害关系密切,平均气温愈高、雨量愈少,发病愈重;莲田长期淹水可减轻危害。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测土壤西瓜枯萎病菌体系的建立

正西瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,FON)引起的一种土传维管束病害,在各个时期均可发生,对西瓜产业构成严重威胁。该病具有传播途径多样、暴发快速、应急防治难等特点,因此及时准确监控土壤中的病原菌是防治西瓜枯萎病的关键。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,q PCR)技术能进行定量     

平贝母鳞茎腐烂病病原菌鉴定和药剂筛选

为明确平贝母Fritillaria ussuriensis鳞茎腐烂病的病原菌及其防治, 对病原菌进行分离?致病性测定, 通过形态学特征?ITS rDNA?β-tubulin及EF-1α基因序列分析确定其病原为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和芳香镰刀菌F.redolens?通过菌丝生长速率法, 对病原菌进行了室内药剂筛选, 表明8种药剂中25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和43%戊唑醇悬浮剂对病原菌有更好的抑制作用, 处理第6天, EC50均不超过0.7 mg/L?对两种病原菌防效最好的药剂是戊唑醇, EC50分别为0.107?0.169 mg/L?这两种药剂可以选择应用于平贝母生产来防治茎腐病?     

宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定与致病性测定

为明确宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病的病原菌种类,2015—2018年从宁夏回族自治区固原市、吴忠市、中卫市和石嘴山市4个市12个区县采集马铃薯病样,采用组织分离法对病样进行分离纯化,利用形态学鉴定方法和基于rDNA-ITS与EF-1α序列分析的分子鉴定方法对分离物进行鉴定,并按照柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行测定。结果显示,经组织分离法共获得真菌菌株347株,其中230株镰刀菌属真菌菌株引起马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病,这些镰刀菌分属于5个种,分别为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum、茄病镰刀菌F. solani、锐顶镰刀菌F. acuminatum、木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti、接骨木镰刀菌F. sambucinum,这5种镰刀菌分别为67、29、50、39和45株,分离频率分别为29.13%、12.61%、21.73%、16.95%和19.56%;这5种镰刀菌的致病性有差异,其中接骨木镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌的发病率分别为91.81%和99.99%,病情指数分别为69.56和82.23,均高于其它3种镰刀菌,是引起宁夏回族自治区马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病的优势病原菌。     

尖孢镰刀菌双链RNA的分离鉴定

 对尖孢镰刀菌10个专化型18个菌株进行分析发现,在尖孢镰刀菌大豆专化型Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Glycines 1193-31中存在双链RNA,由6种成分组成,其大小分别为3.8kb,3.0kb,2.4kb,0.48kb,0.43kb和0.21kb,该菌株气生菌丝少,形成大量的粉红色分生孢子堆,并发生角变。     

尖孢镰刀菌线粒体DNA的酶切分析

 在不同专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的线粒体DNA之间存在着限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),这可能与它们的致病性差异有关。我们对一株尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.eleocharidis1415-1)的线粒体DNA进行酶切分析发现它的酶切图谱和大小与其它专化型的线粒体DNA不同。     

一种评价甘蓝枯萎病菌转化子致病力的方法

为建立甘蓝枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.conglutinans)转化子致病力评价方法,从接种方法、甘蓝品种、苗龄、病原菌接种体浓度等几方面探索,建立了一种评价甘蓝枯萎病菌转化子致病力差异的体系。结果表明:蘸根法和伤根法均适于甘蓝枯萎病菌转化子致病力的评价,其中伤根法更优;其他适合甘蓝枯萎病菌转化子致病力评价的因素有:甘蓝品种为‘中甘21’,苗龄为三叶期,甘蓝枯萎病菌孢子悬浮液浓度为孢子含量1×106个/mL。该致病力评价方法的建立为甘蓝枯萎病菌转化子致病力衰弱或增强突变体的筛选提供了方法支持,也为下一步尖孢镰刀菌致病机理的解析奠定了基础。     

香蕉假茎细胞对枯萎病菌不同小种及其粗毒素的病理反应

 以香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)1号小种和4号小种及其粗毒素分别接种香牙蕉和粉蕉的组培苗及离体假茎后,用组织切片法观察香蕉假茎细胞的病理反应,以探明香蕉枯萎病菌不同小种及其粗毒素的致病作用。结果表明,枯萎病菌不同小种人工接种仅能感染相应的香蕉种类,但不同香蕉种类的离体假茎细胞用不同小种接种及其粗毒素处理,均产生褐变等病理反应,且病变程度不存在小种间的差异。表明枯萎病菌不同小种对香蕉不同种类的致病力差异可能与存在其它致病因子或专化性识别的因子有关。同时证实了病菌不同小种的毒素对蕉类不存在着选择毒性     

Fungal cell wall degrading enzyme-producing bacterium enhances the biocontrol efficacy of antibiotic-producing bacterium against cabbage yellows

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The antagonistic rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain LRB3W1, controls cabbage Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans...     

甘肃枸杞镰孢菌根腐病病原鉴定及优势病原菌生物学特性

为了明确甘肃省枸杞根腐病病原种类、生态分布和优势病原菌的生物学特性,于2013年和2014年采集甘肃省各枸杞主产区根腐病患病植株样品,分离纯化后进行形态和分子鉴定,统计分离到的各主产区的病原种类,并对优势病原菌的适宜生长温度、光照条件、pH和碳氮源进行了研究。结果共分离到260株镰孢菌菌株,其中GSJT7-2和GSJY8-1分离频率分别为66.15%和26.92%,属优势种;将2株镰孢菌进行EF-1α基因序列分析及对比,菌株GSJT7-2(登录号:KM457089)与腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani),GSJY8-1(登录号:KM457093)与尖镰孢菌(F.oxysporium)同源性达99%,在系统发育树中聚在一起,分别将它们的分类地位初步确定为腐皮镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌。甘肃各产区病原菌分离种类和频率有较大差异,靖远县以尖镰孢菌为主,占82.89%;其余采集地均以腐皮镰孢菌为主,均占80%以上。腐皮镰孢菌GSJT7-2和尖镰孢菌GSJY8-1在10~40℃内均能生长,最适温度分别为35℃和25℃,最适pH为8~9和8,均在12 h光暗交替条件下生长最快,供试碳氮源中GSJT7-2和GSJY8-1对蔗糖和Na NO3利用效果最好。     

Biological and phylogenetic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum complex, which causes yellows on Brassica spp., and proposal of F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae, a novel forma specialis pathogenic on B. rapa in Japan

Although the causal agent of yellows of Brassica rapa (turnip, pak choi, and narinosa) in Japan was reported in 1996 to be Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, this classification has remained inconclusive because of a lack of detailed genetic and pathogenic studies. Therefore, we analyzed the taxonomic position of this organism using Japanese isolates of F. oxysporum complex obtained from diseased individuals of various B. rapa subspecies. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the rDNA intergenic spacer region and the mating-type gene (MAT1-1-1alpha-box) showed that B. rapa and cabbage isolates belong to different monophyletic clades that separated at early evolutionary stages. Additionally, correlations were observed between the molecular phylogeny and the vegetative compatibility groups. Isolates from turnip, komatsuna, and narinosa (B. rapa group) did not show pathogenicity against cabbage or broccoli (B. oleracea group), although they caused severe symptoms on their original host species. In contrast, cabbage isolates had significantly higher (P = 0.05) virulence on B. oleracea than on B. rapa crops. Our results indicate that F. oxysporum complex isolates from B. rapa and B. oleracea are not only phylogenetically distinct but also differ in host specificity. Therefore, we propose a novel forma specialis, F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae, which causes yellows on B. rapa, including turnip, komatsuna, pak choi, and narinosa.     

农抗120防治西瓜枯萎病的机制

研究了农抗120对西瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜幼苗的作用。结果表明,农抗120对西瓜枯萎病菌孢子的萌发和菌丝的形态无明显影响,对孢子的形成和菌丝生长有一定抑制作用,能够提高西瓜幼苗抗枯萎病菌毒素致萎的能力和幼苗体内过氧化物酶活性。说明农抗120的防病机制是通过抑制病原菌和提高植株抗病性而起作用的。     

农杆菌介导的西瓜枯萎病菌遗传转化

为获得带GFP标记的西瓜枯萎病菌转化株,用于后期观察病原菌侵染过程,采用农杆菌介导的方法,对西瓜枯萎病菌1号生理小种进行了遗传转化。结果表明:共培养时间为36h,枯萎病菌孢子和农杆菌AGL1比例为1∶1时该菌株的遗传转化效率最高,可以达到117.33个转化子/107个孢子。转化株的孢子、菌丝体及萌发的孢子均能发出稳定而强的绿色荧光。转化株的致病力检测显示其致病力与转化前的野生菌株致病力无明显差异。结果表明本研究获得的带GFP标记的西瓜枯萎病菌转化株可用于观察病菌在西瓜根系的侵染过程。     

Phylogeny of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Inferred from Mitochondrial Small Subunit, Elongation Factor 1-alpha, and Nuclear Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Sequence Data

ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, causal agent of Fusarium wilt of lettuce, is a serious pathogen recently reported in Arizona. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1alpha) gene, and the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region was conducted to resolve relationships among f. sp. lactucae isolates, F. oxysporum isolates from other hosts, and local non-pathogenic isolates. Analysis of mtSSU sequences provided limited phylogenetic resolution and did not differentiate the lactucae isolates from 13 other F. oxysporum isolates. Analysis of EF-1alpha sequences resulted in moderate resolution, grouping seven formae speciales with the lactucae isolates. Analysis of the IGS region revealed numerous sequence polymorphisms among F. oxysporum formae speciales consisting of insertions, deletions, and single nucleotide transitions and substitutions. Repeat sequence analysis revealed several duplicated subrepeat units that were distributed across much of the region. Based on analysis of the IGS sequence data, lactucae race 1 isolates resolved as a monophyletic group with three other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. In all analyses, lactucae race 2 isolates composed a separate lineage that was phylo-genetically distinct and distantly related to the lactucae race 1 isolates.     

湖南省食用百合生长期鳞茎腐烂病的病原鉴定

 龙牙百合为湖南省邵阳市的特色经济作物之一,随着栽培面积不断扩大,其病害发生日趋严重,尤其在田间生长后期鳞茎易出现褐变、腐烂、植株枯死等症状,严重影响百合生长,已成为遏制龙牙百合生产的重要因素之一。     

Pathogenic, Genetic and Molecular Characterisation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii

Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from lily were screened for pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and compared to reference isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli and F. oxysporum f.sp. tulipae to justify the distinction of F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii. Twenty-four isolates from different locations in The Netherlands (18 isolates), Italy (4 isolates), Poland and the United States (1 isolate each) shared unique RFLP patterns with probes D4 and pFOM7, while hybridization did not occur with a third probe (F9). Except for a self-incompatible isolate, these 24 isolates all belonged to a single vegetative compatibility group (VCG 0190). Isolates belonging to VCG 0190 were highly pathogenic to lily, but not to gladiolus or tulip, except for a single nonpathogenic isolate. Six saprophytic isolates of F. oxysporum from lily were nonpathogenic or only slightly aggressive to lily, gladiolus and tulip, belonged to unique VCGs and had distinct RFLP patterns. Three pathogenic isolates previously considered to belong to F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii were identified as F. proliferatum var. minus; all three belonged to the same VCG and shared unique RFLP patterns. These three isolates were moderately pathogenic to lily and nonpathogenic to gladiolus and tulip. The reference isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. tulipae were pathogenic to tulip, but not to lily and gladiolus; they shared a distinct RFLP pattern, different from those encountered among pathogenic and saprophytic isolates from lily, and formed a separate new VCG (VCG 0230). Reference isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli belonging to VCG 0340 proved pathogenic to both gladiolus and lily, but not to tulip. These isolates, as well as isolates belonging to VCGs 0341, 0342 and 0343 of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli, had RFLP patterns different from those encountered among the isolates from lily or tulip. These findings identify F. oxysporum f.sp. lilii as a single clonal lineage, distinct from F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli and f.sp. tulipae.