氮肥施用量对C两优华占产量及生长性状的影响

通过设置6个氮肥用量并测定相关生长性状及产量,研究了C两优华占的适宜施氮量。结果表明,施氮量增加可以显著提高水稻分蘖数和株高,显著提高水稻SPAD值,在拔节—齐穗期和灌浆—成熟期两个干物质积累盛期显著促进水稻的干物质积累,增加叶面积,从而提高光合能力,增加产量,但过高的氮肥施用量在成熟期会导致水稻贪青严重,抑制水稻干物质积累;氮肥施用量增加可以显著增加有效穗数,从而显著提高产量及氮肥农学利用效率;施氮量为270 kg/hm2时,能够获得最高的产量和氮肥农学利用效率。     

不同施氮量对麦茬夏花生氮素吸收分配及产量的影响

大田栽培条件下,研究不同氮肥施用量对麦茬夏花生植株生长、氮素吸收、土壤养分及产量构成的影响。结果表明:不同施氮量对土壤硝态氮含量的影响主要以表层(0~20cm)较为显著,且硝态氮存在向下层土壤迁移的趋势;各处理不同土层间土壤铵态氮含量均无显著差异。0~225kg/hm~2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,夏花生产量逐渐提高。氮肥施用量在225kg/hm~2条件下,花生产量最高,为6603.26kg/hm~2,比不施用氮肥增产19.96%;达到300kg/hm~2氮肥施用量时,会促进花生茎叶部的氮素积累,但同时会抑制花生根部和荚果的氮素积累,产量反而会降低。总体而言,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥利用率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,氮肥偏生产力则呈显著下降趋势,本试验条件下N最佳施用量为244.70kg/hm~2。     

钾肥对花生生育影响及适宜钾用量研究

两年花生钾肥试验结果表明,在氮、磷一定水平上,增施钾肥可促进地上部干物质积累和生殖器官的发育,改善花生的经济性状,提高荚果产量和经济效益。当施钾量为180kg／hm^2时,花生荚果产量最高达4260.5kg／hm^2,利润最大为9482．0元／hm^2,产投比达到9．1：1。当施钾量增加到270kg／hm^2以上,花生产量和效益呈明显下降趋势。     

施氮量对不同花生品种生长及干物质积累的影响

研究了施氮量对不同花生品种生长和干物质积累的影响.结果表明,施用氮肥可促进花生的生长和干物质积累,不同品种对氮肥的响应存在明显差异,当施氮量为N112.5 kg/hm2时,白沙1016和鲁花12号的总分枝数和结果枝数达到最大值,而远杂9102达到最大值时需要的施氮量仅为N 75 kg/hm2.花生干物质总量的积累动态符...     

头季不同氮肥施用量对再生稻两优616干物质生产及产量的影响

研究以超级稻两优616为材料,设置头季4种不同施氮水平处理,即N0(对照,不施氮肥)、低氮N1(112.5kg/hm~2)、中氮N2(150 kg/hm~2)和高氮N3(225 kg/hm~2),研究两优616作再生稻干物质积累及转运规律、产量及其构成因素。结果表明:在0～225 kg/hm~2氮肥用量范围内,两优616头季移栽至成熟期,干物质积累呈随着氮肥施用量增加而增加的趋势。头季成熟至再生季齐穗期3个处理干物质生产均较对照增加,增加幅度随氮肥施用量增加而降低。头季施用氮肥均显著增加两优616的头季产量,其中以N2处理的产量最高;再生季产量N1、N2处理比N0显著增加,但N3处理比N0显著降低。从产量构成来看,氮肥增加两优616头季的有效穗数和每穗粒数,但结实率和千粒重与N0差异不明显。产量与氮素施用量的回归分析表明,两优616头季最佳施氮量为194.4 kg/hm~2。     

氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株干物质积累和产量的影响

氮肥运筹是影响水稻生长发育、物质生产及其产量的重要栽培措施。为探明双季稻区不同氮肥运筹模式对水稻植株干物质积累及产量的影响,设计5种施氮模式:早稻和晚稻均不施氮肥(N_0,CK),早稻施N120 kg/hm^2+晚稻施N210 kg/hm^2(N_120+210)、早稻施N150 kg/hm^2+晚稻施N180 kg/hm^2(N_150+180)、早稻施N180 kg/hm^2+晚稻施N150 kg/hm^2(N_180+150)、早稻施N210 kg/hm^2+晚稻施N120 kg/hm^2(N_(210 + 120)),比较研究5种氮肥运筹模式下早稻和晚稻植株干物质积累及产量的变化。结果表明:(1)N_150+180处理植株分蘖数下降幅度平缓,其分蘖数多、成穗率较高;(2)早稻各主要生育时期各处理植株LAI大小顺序为N_180+150> N_150+180> N_(210 + 120)> N_120+210> CK,晚稻各主要生育时期各处理植株LAI大小顺序为N_150+180> N_120+210> N_180+150> N_(210 + 120)> CK;(3)分蘖期至成熟期,早稻和晚稻植株的根系干重分别以N_(210 + 120)、N_120+210处理最高,茎、叶干重分别以N_(210 + 120)和N_150+180处理最高,穗干重均以N_150+180和N_180+150处理最高,且均显著高于CK;(4)各处理水稻的穗总粒数和千粒重均无显著性差异;(5)早稻和晚稻产量均以N_150+180处理最高,分别比对照增加1849. 5和1879. 5 kg/hm^2。因此,早稻施用纯氮150 kg/hm^2和晚稻施用纯氮180 kg/hm^2的施肥模式,有利于增加水稻植株干物质积累,改善产量构成因素,从而获得较高的水稻产量。     

施氮量对花生养分吸收及产量品质的影响

田间试验研究不同氮用量对花生生长、养分吸收、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在O～120kg／hm^2范围内,随着施氮量增加,花生荚果数增加,产量提高。120kg／hm^2用量下,花生产量最高3639．88kg／hm^2,比不施氮肥增产18．61％。0～150kg／hm^2范围内,施氮量提高促进氮磷钾吸收和植株生长及粗蛋白...     

膜下滴灌春玉米氮素吸收规律与增产效应

研究春玉米膜下滴灌条件下氮肥对玉米氮素吸收、干物质积累以及氮肥的增产作用,提出试验条件下的最佳施氮量.结果表明,增加施氮量能够增加膜下滴灌春玉米地上部干物质积累及氮素吸收能力,过量施氮导致干物质及氮素累积降低;玉米产量随着施氮量增加而增加,300 kg/hm²时达到最高产量,此时氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率以及生理利用率均达到最大.采用二次曲线拟合,计算最佳施氮量为291.80 kg/hm²,此时最高产量为14 964.54 kg/hm².     

氮肥施用量对内5优8015穗后光合生产和产量及其结构的影响

为明确杂交籼稻新组合内5优8015的耐肥抗倒性,提出合理的氮肥施用方法,进行了不同氮肥施用量处理,研究了不同氮肥施用量对内5优8015在齐穗期后光合产物的积累、产量及其结构的影响.结果表明:内5优8015纯氮总施用量为187.5和225.0 kg/hm2处理的产量结构较优,齐穗期和成熟期干物质产量、齐穗至成熟期的干物质积累量最高,产量显著高于其它处理,但两者之间差异不显著；施氮量187.5 kg/hm2处理的叶面积指数适宜、叶片功能期和光合生产能力较优,植株抗倒性强.内5优8015在生产中以施氮量187.5 kg/hm2为最佳,既可降低氮素用量,又可获得高产.     

宁夏扬黄灌区有机肥配施氮肥对滴灌春玉米生长和产量的影响

通过两年田间定位试验,采用裂区设计,设有机肥为主处理,氮肥为副处理,研究滴灌条件下有机肥与氮肥配施对玉米生长和产量的影响,滴灌条件下砂质土壤春玉米田有机肥和氮肥配施的最佳施用量,为土壤培肥、化肥减施以及提高宁夏扬黄灌区玉米产量提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米产量以有机肥3 000 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥处理最高,比不施肥处理增产50.65%;其次为有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥和有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施225 kg/hm^2氮肥处理,分别较不施肥增产48.78%和46.83%。根据宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区土壤培肥和玉米增产需要,建议推荐有机肥施用量为3 000~4 500 kg/hm^2,配施氮肥用量225~300 kg/hm^2。     

Valorization of three varieties of grape

In the present investigation, seed methanolic extracts of three Vitis vinifera (Muscat d’Italie, Syrah and Carignan) were assayed for their antioxidant activities. Results showed that there are strong variations in the contents of total phenols (440.97–121.94 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW), flavonoids (48.07–16.81 mg EC g⁻¹ DW) and tanins (37.15–14.9 mg EC g⁻¹ DW) from the studied seeds. The phenolic composition of these extracts was determined by RP–HPLC after acid hydrolysis. The main phenolic compound was quercetin with 27.2% in Muscat d’Italie, 48.8% in Syrah and 28.4% in Carignan. Besides, all seed extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values ranged from 1.8 to 30 μg ml⁻¹. EC₅₀ values of reducing power activity ranged from 100 to 120 μg ml⁻¹. The high phenolic content and the considerable antioxidant activities of vitis seed extracts could potentially be considered as an expensive source of natural antioxidants.     

A reassessment of the electrophoretic mobility of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat

The high molecular weight subunits of wheat glutenin (HMW-GS) are important for bread-making quality. Their composition is routinely identified by Tris-glycine SDS-PAGE after reduction of glutenin disulfide bonds. However, the relation between their molecular weight and, hence, their primary structure, and their mobility in Tris-glycine SDS-PAGE has proven to be ambiguous. We demonstrate a Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE procedure with a neutral, instead of alkaline, pH in the gel and running buffers. In this method commonly occurring HMW-GS from wheat migrated in the order 5 > 2 ≈ 3 > 1 > 6 ≈ 2* > 7 > 8 > 9 > 12 > 10, which is different from the order obtained in the Tris-glycine system. HMW-GS were identified by N-terminal sequencing after isolation with RP-HPLC. Protein sequences of HMW-GS were further confirmed by LC-MS/MS analyses of chymotryptic peptides after comparing the MS data to amino acid sequences in protein databases. The numbers of amino acids of HMW-GS reflected well the mobility order in Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE. The results indicate that Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE may not only be used to identify HMW-GS, but also to estimate the length of their polypeptide chain, as such avoiding previously observed anomalies in migration order.     

Influence of Core Oligosaccharide of Lipopolysaccharide to Outer Membrane Behavior of Escherichia coli

Lipopolysaccharides, major molecules in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, play important roles on membrane integrity of the cell. However, how the core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide affect the membrane behavior is not well understood. In this study, the relationship between the core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide and the membrane behavior was investigated using a series of Escherichia coli mutants defective in genes to affect the biosynthesis of core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide. Cell surface hydrophobicity, outer membrane permeability, biofilm formation and auto-aggregation of these mutant cells were compared. Compared to the wild type W3110, cell surface hydrophobicities of mutant ΔwaaC, ΔwaaF, ΔwaaG, ΔwaaO, ΔwaaP, ΔwaaY and ΔwaaB were enhanced, outer membrane permeabilities of ΔwaaC, ΔwaaF, ΔwaaG and ΔwaaP were significantly increased, abilities of biofilm formation by ΔwaaC, ΔwaaF, ΔwaaG, ΔwaaO, ΔwaaR, ΔwaaP, ΔwaaQ and ΔwaaY decreased, and auto-aggregation abilities of ΔwaaC, ΔwaaF, ΔwaaG, ΔwaaO, ΔwaaR, ΔwaaU, ΔwaaP and ΔwaaY were strongly enhanced. These results give new insight into the influence of core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide on bacterial cell membrane behavior.     

Comparison of resistance toFusarium spp. of glasshouse-and field-grown tuber progenies of potato

Summary Field-grown tubers of 22 progenies ofSolanum tuberosum L. generated in a crossing programme involving seven parents differing in resistance toFusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc. andF. sulphureum Schlect. (=F. sambucinum Fuckel, teleomorphGibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc.) were wound-inoculated with a cornmeal + sand culture of each pathogen. Parental genotypes were also included. The mean lesion size of each progeny was compared in 2 years of tests, as well as with published data on glasshouse-grown tubers. ForF. coeruleum there was a high correlation between years as well as with the glasshouse data, but no such correlations were apparent withG. pulicaris. Furthermore, parental and GCA values, as well as progeny means and mid-parent scores, also correlated highly forF. coeruleum but not forG. pulicaris. Glasshouse-grown tubers of 11 wildSolanum spp. were also inoculated with both pathogens. Some resistance to one or other, or both, was apparent, particularly inS. chacoense.     

Total Synthesis of Gobiusxanthin Stereoisomers and Their Application to Determination of Absolute Configurations of Natural Products: Revision of Reported Absolute Configuration of Epigobiusxanthin

(3R)-Gobiusxanthin stereoisomers (1a–d) were synthesized by stereoselective Wittig reaction of the (3R)-C₁₅-acetylenic tri-n-butylphosphonium salt 7 with C₂₅-apocarotenal stereoisomers 5a,b and 14a,b bearing four kinds of 3,6-dihydroxy-ε-end groups. The validity of the reported stereochemistry of gobiusxanthin was demonstrated by the fact that the reported spectral data of natural gobiusxanthin were in agreement with those of synthetic (3R,3''S,6''R)-gobiusxanthin (1a). On the other hand, the reported CD spectral data of natural epigobiusxanthin, which has been assigned as (3R,3''R,6''R)-isomer (3''-epigobiusxanthin), were identical with those of synthetic (3R,3''S,6''S)-isomer 1d (6''-epigobiusxanthin) rather than those of the corresponding synthetic 3''-epi-isomer 1b. It was found that the stereochemistry at C3-position has little effect on the shape of their CD spectra. Thus, in order to reinforce the validity of the absolute configurations at C3-position of natural specimens, (3S,3''S,6''R)- and (3S,3''S,6''S)-stereoisomers 1e and 1f were also synthesized and a HPLC analytical method for four stereoisomers was established by using a column carrying a chiral stationary phase. The HPLC analysis has proven that the stereochemistry of the natural epigobiusxanthin is 3R,3''S,6''S.     

Effect of physiological age on growth vigour of seed potatoes of two cultivars. 5. Review of literature and integration of some experimental results

Summary The most important literature on physiological age is discussed and an attempt is made to describe the relationship between the chronological age and growth vigour of seed of cvs. Jaerla and Désirée produced in three seasons and stored at 4 or 12°C in darkness. The seed of both cultivars reaches maximum growth vigour earlier when stored at 12°C, although this effect is greater in Jaerla than in Désirée. In both cultivars, storage at 12°C gives a lower maximum growth vigour and a shorter duration than storage at 4°C. Sprouting capacity seems to be the best measure of growth vigour, although peroxidase activity could also be a measure of growth vigour beyond its maximum. The incubation period might be useful to indicate the beginning and end of the phase of maximum growth vigour.

---

Zusammenfassung Nach Durchsicht der wichtigsten Literatur über das physiologische Alter von Kartoffeln wird der Versuch gemacht, Ergebnisse über Untersuchungen an Pflanzknollen der Sorten Jaerla und Désirée in drei Wachstumsperioden sowie bei 4°C und 12°C zu integrieren (Hartmans & van Loon, 1987; van Es & Hartmans, 1987: Bodlaender & Marinus, 1987: van Loon, 1987). Zuerst werden die Zusammenh?nge zwischen dem chronoligischen Pflanzgutalter und den Pflanzen- bzw. Knollenwachstums-Merkmalen verglichen. Wichtige Elemente für die Beschreibung der Zusammenh?ngen zwischen Pflanzgutalter und Wachstumsintensit?t sind (1) das Ende der Ruheperiode. (2) der Anfang und das Ende des Maximums von einigen Knollen- und Pflanzenwachstums-Charakteristika (Tabelle 1), (3) die Zusammenh?nge zwischen dem Pflanzgutalter (Lagerungstage) und Keimungskapazit?t, Auflauf, Triebl?nge. Zahl der Triebe, Blattfl?chen-Index und gesamtem Pflanzegewicht rund 60 Tage nach Pflanzung (Hartmans & van Loon, 1987; Bodlaender & Marinus, 1987) und (4) die Zahl der Lagerungstage, bis einige oder alle gepflanzten Saatknollen ersch?pft sind (Tabelle 1). Aufgrund dieser Elemente wurde ein m?gliches Modell für den Zusammenhang zwischen Pflanzgutalter und relativer Wachstumsintensit?t (RGV) entwickelt (Abb. 2). Abbildung 2 zeigt klar, dass h?here Lagertemperatur (12°C) das Altern der Knollen beider Sorten underschiedlich beschleunigt. Dafür wurde des Ausdruck ‘physiologisches Alter’ übernommen. H?here Lagertemperatur f?rdert die maximale RGV für Saatknollen beider Sorten, obwohl Jaerla betr?chtlich st?rker als Désirée reagiert. Obwohl Désiréc ihre maximale RGV bei 12°C früher erreicht als bei 4°C, ist der RGV bei 4 °C-Lagerung im gleichen Moment h?her als der von Knollen, die bei 12°C gelagert werden. Desweiterent ist von Interesse, dass die maximale RGV bei beiden Sorten durch die h?here Temperatur gesenkt wird, und dass h?here Temperature die L?nge der Periode mit maximaler RGV verkürzt. Keimungskapazit?t und Inkubationsperiode zeigten im Ganzen die h?chsten Korrelationen mit der Wachstumsintensit?t (GV). w?hrend die Peroxydase-Aktivit?t auch dann gut korrelierte, nachdem die GV sich von ihrem Maximum entfernt hatte (Tabellen 4–6). Man kann annehmen, dass diese Studie die Keimungskapazit?t als bestes Mass zur Bestimmung der GV darstellt. Die Inkubationsperiode erscheint als brauchbare Methode zur Bestimmung des Anfangs und des Endes der Periode mit maximaler GV (Tabelle 7), welehe ein wichtiges Charakteristikum jeder Sorte ist. Der Einfluss des physiologischen Alters der Saatknollen auf den sp?teren Knollenertrag scheint oft gering zu sein. Den Ergebnissen dieser Studie und der Literatur zufolge wird angenommen, dass Pflanzgut mit ‘unterschiedlichem’ physiologischem Alter in Wirklichkeit noch an oder nahe an der maximalen GV ist: das war mit Pflanzgut von Désirée in unseren Versuchen der Fall. Zus?tzlich kann mit Madec (1981) angenommen werden, dass im zweiten Teil des Wachstumszyklus andere ertragsbestimmende Faktoren oft über die GV des Pflanzgutes dominieren.

---

Résumé Après avoir passé en revue les plus importants articles de la littérature concernant l'age physiologique des tubercules, une tentative est faite pour intégrer les résultats des études sur les tubercules de semence de deux variétés, Jaerla et Désirée, produites pendant trois saisons et conservées à 4°C et 12°C (Hartmans & van Loon, 1987; van Es & Hartmans, 1987: Bodlaender & Marinus, 1987; van Loon, 1987). Premièrement, les relations entre l'age chronologique du plant et les caractéristiques se rapportant au développement du tubercule et de la plante sont comparées. Les éléments importants pour décrire les relations entre l'age du plant et la vigueur de croissance sont (1) la fin de la période de repos végétatif (2) le début et la fin du maximum atteints par quel-ques caractéristiques de croissance du tubercule et de la plante (tableau 1), (3) les relations entre l'age du plant (jours de conservation) et la capacité germinative, la levée, la longueur des tiges, le nombre de tiges, l'index de surface foliaire et le poids sec total de la plante environ 60 jours après la plantation (Hartmans & van Loon, 1987; Bodlaender & Marinus, 1987) et (4) le nombre de jours de conservation jusqu'à ce que quelques ou tous les tubercules plantés soient épuisés (tableau 1). Sur la base de ces éléments un modèle possible pour établir une relation entre l'age du plant et la vigueur de croissance relative (RGV) peut être établie (figure 2). La figure 2 montre clairement qu'une température de conservation élevée (12°C) accélère différemment le vieillissement des tubercules de semence de deux variétés. Par conséquent, le terme ‘age physiologique’ est adopté. Les plus hautes températures de conservation avancent la vigueur de croissance relative pour les deux variétés, bien que Jaerla réagisse considérablement plus fortement que Désirée et que celle-ci conservée à 12°C atteigne son maximum plus rapidement qu'à 4°C, la RGV du plant conservé à 4°C est à ce moment plus élevéc que celle du plant maintenu à 12°C. De plus, il est intéressant de noter que pour les deux variétés une température de conservation plus haute diminue la RGV maximum et raccoureit sa durée. La capacité germinative et la période d'incubation ont montré les corrélations les plus élevées avec la vigueur de croissance, tandis que l'activité péroxydasique présente une bonne corrélation avec la vigueur de croissance passé le maximum (tableux 4–6). On en conclut que cette étude fait appara?tre la capacité germinative comme la meilleure mesure pour déterminer la vigueur de croissance. La durée d'incubation constitue une méthode utile pour évaluer le début et la fin de la phase avec le maximum de la vigueur de croissance: ce dermier étant une caractéristique importante de chaque variété. Il semble que l'effet de l'age physiologique des tubercules de semence sur le rendement final en tubercules est souvent faible. Sur la base des résultats de ces essais et de la littérature on peut supposer que les plants d'ages physiologiques différents sont en réalité souvent au maximum ou près du maximum de la vigueur de croissance; cela est le cas du plant de la variété Désirée dans nos expériences. De plus on peut supposer, comme Madec (1981), que dans la seconde partie du cycle végétatif d'autres facteurs déterminant le rendement prédominent souvent sur la vigueur de croissance du plant.

     

Digitization of farinogram plots and estimation of mixing stability

Twenty-four farinograms and accompanying flour characteristics obtained from a bakery were used to get additional information for baking characteristics of flours. Farinograms were digitized and four novel parameters were included for comparison: a and b were extracted from an equation of the form y = ae^−bt; the height of the upper curve and the width of the farinograph curve at a time value equal to the dough development time. Stepwise multiple regressions were carried out relating bread volume to novel and existing parameters (water absorption, development time, arrival time, departure time, stability and degree of softening). Results indicated that four farinogram parameters, resistance, water absorption, a and b were related to bake height with an overall value of 61%. A relatively weak correlation (R = 0.44, P < 0.05) was detected between specific loaf volume and bake height.     

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Algae Extracts on Bacteria Responsible of External Otitis

External otitis is a diffuse inflammation around the external auditory canal and auricle, which is often occurred by microbial infection. This disease is generally treated using antibiotics, but the frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new antibiotic agents. In this context, unexplored bioactive natural candidates could be a chance for the production of targeted drugs provided with antimicrobial activity. In this paper, microbial pathogens were isolated from patients with external otitis using ear swabs for over one year, and the antimicrobial activity of the two methanol extracts from selected marine (Dunaliella salina) and freshwater (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) microalgae was tested on the isolated pathogens. Totally, 114 bacterial and 11 fungal strains were isolated, of which Staphylococcus spp. (28.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (24.8%) were the major pathogens. Only three Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and 11 coagulase-negative Staphylococci showed resistance to methicillin. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of isolated S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. with MICs range of 1.4 × 10⁹ to 2.2 × 10¹⁰ cells/mL. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.     

海滨雀稗突变体抗旱性的评价

以3个海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum)品种(Sea Isle2000、Platinum、Supreme)及其经辐射诱变筛选出的7个突变体为试验材料,在干旱胁迫条件下通过测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶片相对电导率(REC)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性总糖含量(TSC)及叶片萎蔫系数等5个生理指标,综合评价其抗旱性。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致试验材料的RWC下降,叶片萎蔫系数、Pro、TSC、REC上升,但不同品种材料的变化幅度不同。突变体"PL-40-1"、"PL-40-2"、"SP-40-2"在干旱胁迫下,其RWC下降幅度显著低于对照,叶片萎蔫系数、Pro、TSC、REC的上升幅度均明显低于对照,说明突变体"PL-40-1"、"PL-40-2"、"SP-40-2"叶片的保水能力较强,抗旱性优于其亲本;而突变体"SI-50-1"、"SI-50-5"、"SI-60-6"、"PL-40-8"抗旱性不及其亲本。      

Effects of after-ripening and storage regimens on seed-germination behavior of seven species of Physaria

The after-ripening response has been well documented in many plant species but studies of this topic are lacking in many new oilseed crops such as Physaria. In a factorial experiment, we tested the effect of different after-ripening periods and germination conditions on freshly harvested seeds of seven Physaria species, Physaria argyraea, Physaria fendleri, Physaria gracilis, Physaria rectipes, Physaria recurvata, Physaria sessilis, and Physaria thamnophila. The seeds were stored for 4 and 12 weeks over two saturated salt solutions (LiCl and MgCl₂) to equilibrate seed moisture at three storage temperatures (5, 25, and 35 °C). We likewise tested a dormancy-breaking protocol on these species by using conditions previously recommended for use in genebanks for P. fendleri. The germination tests were conducted with light (1052 lux) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) (100 ppm) and without them. Results suggested that conditions previously set for P. fendleri are also adequate for P. gracilis, P. recurvata, and P. sessilis, but may still be not optimal for the perennial species, P. argyraea, P. thamnophila, and P. rectipes. Overall, higher germination percentages were obtained with light and GA₃ treatments. In all species, we observed slight differences between total germination results after 4 weeks and 12 weeks of storage, with higher values evident only in P. fendleri, P. recurvata, and P. thamnophila after their fresh seeds were subjected to 12 weeks of after-ripening at warm temperatures.