刈割对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草生长及生产性能的影响

以牧草鲜草产量、再生速度、分蘖数等为观测指标,研究不同刈割处理和刈割茬数对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense(Hay king)Stapf.]生长及生产性能的影响。研究结果表明：海狮苏丹草在干热河谷区具有较好的适应性,在其生长季内可刈割5次;留茬高度和茬数对其再生性能和分蘖能力均有显著影响,其中刈割茬数对其再生速度和分蘖数影响最大,随着刈割茬数增加再生速度显著减慢而分蘖数则明显增加;海狮苏丹草不同留茬高度、刈割茬数对生物量均存在显著差异;就生物量和再生能力来看,海狮苏丹草留茬高度     

刈割留茬高度对青稞饲草与籽粒产量及饲用品质的影响

为探究适宜于高寒区青稞多元化利用最佳刈割留茬高度,以昆仑14号、昆仑18号和柴青1号为试验材料,以未刈割为对照(CK),于分蘖盛期开展不同留茬高度的刈割处理,探究留茬高度对青稞农艺性状、籽粒产量、饲草产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,随着刈割留茬高度的降低,各青稞品种青苗饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势;青苗中粗蛋白含量呈逐渐降低趋势,而纤维类物质含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,使青苗相对饲喂价值显著降低。各青稞品种秸秆饲草产量随刈割留茬高度的降低而降低,且降幅随留茬高度的降低而增大。刈割使青稞秸秆中粗蛋白含量增多,纤维类物质含量减少,相对饲喂价值升高。留茬8 cm有助于促进青稞穗部、茎部和根系的生长发育,使籽粒产量升高;留茬5 cm会抑制青稞各器官的生长发育,使籽粒产量锐减。各品种在留茬8 cm时综合经济产值最高,其中昆仑14号综合经济产值最高,为2.86×10⁴元·hm^-2。参试材料中,昆仑14号为高寒区最适用于粮饲兼用的青稞品种,8 cm为适宜于青稞饲草与籽粒兼收的最佳刈割留茬高度。     

不同留茬高度对川饲苎2号产量与品质的影响研究

为探究留茬高度对川饲苎2号饲用产量及品质的影响,对不同留茬高度一年内不同批次样品的经济性状、产量性状和品质性状进行研究。结果表明：随着留茬高度的增加,川饲苎2号分株数与叶茎比显著增加;留茬对整株产量和整株粗蛋白产量无显著影响,但可以显著提高年叶产量,尤其第二次和第三次刈割时,留茬对该品种的增产效果十分明显;除了第二次刈割外,留茬可以改善饲用苎麻的营养品质。该研究为饲用苎麻高产优质和持续供给提供了理论依据。     

柱花草品系的灰色关联度分析

采用灰色关联度分析法对18个柱花草品系的8个农艺性状进行综合评价。结果表明,品系TPRC 2001-47、TPRC 2001-46和TPRC 2001-71的综合表现最好,其中有6个品系优于对照热研2号。等权关联度与加权关联度分析结果基本一致,分析结果与柱花草的实际表现一致。不同性状与鲜草产量的关联度不同,7个性状与鲜草产量的关联度排序为：干物率＞第1分枝日平均生长速度＞株高日平均生长速度＞刈割时株高＞越冬存活率＞刈割时第1分枝长＞草丛宽。     

混播比例对热研2号柱花草和飞机草早期生长竞争能力的影响

为明确热研2号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.2)与飞机草(Chromolaena odorata(L.)R.M.KingH.Robinson)生长早期的竞争关系,探索飞机草替代控制的途径和管理策略。设置总株数固定(8株),5种柱花草和飞机草分株数混播比例(柱∶飞=8∶0、6∶2、4∶4、2∶6、0∶8)盆栽试验,就各混播比例下2种植物在浇水频率1次/2 d、生长30 d的生长情况和相对竞争能力进行定量分析。结果表明:随着柱花草混播株数的减少,柱花草和飞机草的相对株高、相对平均生长速度、相对单株总生物量和总生物量分配至根、茎和叶的相对生物量均逐渐降低;但飞机草的相对根长、相对根冠比和根生物量质量分数均逐渐减小、茎生物量质量分数无显著变化、叶生物量质量分数逐渐增大,而柱花草的各对应指标反之。柱花草比例较高时(柱∶飞为6∶2)2种植物的相对产量总和显著大于1,2种植物间无种间竞争现象,4∶4和2∶6时相对产量总和均与1相比无显著差异,2种植物间存在资源竞争;混播群落中柱花草的竞争平衡指数均显著小于0,说明生长早期柱花草的相对竞争能力比飞机草弱。下一步进行生长中期、晚期竞争试验和肥力、刈割等其他因素影响试验来确定柱花草替代控制飞机草的可能性。     

不同首刈期、留茬高度对川饲苎2号饲草产量及品质的影响

以"川饲苎2号"为材料,探索首茬刈割时期(以下简称"首刈期")及留茬高度对饲用苎麻产量、品质等的影响。结果表明:川饲苎2号首刈期从常规时期(70～80 cm)至延期20 d内,鲜草均具有较高的综合饲用价值(相对饲用价值RFV≥109.3,粗蛋白CP≥18.0%);延期30 d,其综合饲用价值大幅度降低。留茬15 cm处理的总株数(20.56万株/公顷)、出苗率(92.2%)最高,缺蔸率(5.0%)最小;留茬10 cm处理的鲜草产量(117.96 t/hm2)、干生物产量(16.36 t/hm2)、地下根茎生物量(17.47 kg)均最高;留茬0 cm处理的饲草产量低,其根蔸生长明显受到影响,不利于苎麻生长,缺蔸情况严重。     

柱花草属7个品种适应性比较试验报告

自2003～2006年对7个柱花草品种进行比较观察。结果表明:1号柱花草开花最早,始花期在8月中旬,最晚花的品种为7号柱花草,始花期在10月上旬;7个柱花草品种,2～3月份长势较差,长势值为2.0～5.0;5～10月份高峰值长势达到11.0,其间5号柱花草炭疽病级指数最高,达18.5,1号柱花草炭疽病级指数最低,仅为5.0。刈割试验结果表明:3号柱花草干草年均产量最高,达到11 613.56㎏/hm2,其次为对照7号柱花草,年均干草产量8 569.61㎏/hm2,两者相差35.52%,干草年均产量最低的是1号柱花草,年均干草产量仅4 518.36㎏/hm2;3号柱花草平均株高达50.1㎝,居首位,成活率为82.5%,显著优于其它品种,表现出明显的再生恢复生长能力,刈割生产中表现出明显的高成活率。     

植株刈割对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

刈割是一种重要的农艺措施,不同程度的刈割对于马铃薯生长产生的影响不同。试验采用随机区组设计,探索刈割时期及频次、刈割高度对马铃薯产量、块茎大小分布的影响。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割一次,刈割茎叶程度分别为植株高度1/3或1/4,对马铃薯产量无影响,在幼苗末期和块茎形成期刈割2次会造成马铃薯显著减产。刈割处理会明显增加小薯（<50 g）个数,块茎形成期刈割1/3比例与CK（常规种植）相比显著增加20～50 g单株块茎个数,除幼苗末期刈割1/4比例、幼苗末期刈割1/4+块茎形成期刈割1/4比例2个处理外,其他6个刈割处理与CK相比均显著增加小于20 g单株块茎个数。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,与CK相比单株地上部生物量差异不显著,说明在马铃薯生育前期进行适当刈割补偿效应明显。综上所述,马铃薯幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,对马铃薯产量无影响,但能增加小薯的数量及重量,有利于马铃薯种薯生产。     

刈割间隔时间对饲用型甜高粱产质量的影响

进行了饲用型甜高粱刈割两茬不同刈割间隔时间(72d和94d)对其产量、茎秆品质的影响试验。结果表明,采用间隔72d二茬刈割技术,有效地提高了饲用型甜高粱产量和茎秆品质,促进甜高粱饲用和糖用价值的合理利用。     

木薯饲用型品种的筛选

通过正交试验法,对现有的木薯优良品系进行对比,以筛选出适宜于刈割的饲用型新品种以及对应的配套栽培技术。试验结果表明：木薯新品系ＺＭ９０３６和ＺＭ８６３９在块根产量、茎叶产量、茎叶粗蛋白产量以及抗风能力等主要特性方面均相当或超过对照种华南２０５,可进一步示范推广。植后４－８个月对植株进行刈割则对块根产量造成较大的影响,在这段时间里摘顶时间越早对块根产量的影响越大。但通过刈割可大大提高木薯嫩茎叶和粗蛋白的产量,同时可大大增强植株的抗风能力。     

Comparison of ratoon yield under high-level cutting in two varieties of forage sugarcane,KRFo93-1, and Shimanoushie

High-level cutting without stubble shaving has been recommended in the cultivation of forage sugarcane, KRFo93-1. However, it is unclear whether this management practice is appropriate for the more recently developed variety Shimanoushie. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the dry matter yield of both varieties to high-level cutting. The study included five ratoon crops (RC1–RC5). In KRFo93-1, dry matter yield was higher in HC plots (high-level cutting without stubble shaving plots) than in Control plots (stubble shaving after high-level cutting plots), and the differences were significant for the first three ratoon crops. A similar trend was observed in Shimanoushie; however, the dry matter yield of HC plots was slightly lower than Control plots in RC4 and RC5 owing to a lower stem number. Although the sum of dry matter yield of five ratoon crops was significantly higher in HC plots of both varieties, the influence of high-level cutting was more effective in KRFo93-1 than in Shimanoushie.     

Use of regrowth for forage in crops of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cv. Grindstad grown for seed in Norway

Six experiments were carried out in two climatically different regions in south‐east Norway in order to compare different procedures for autumn management and use of regrowth in seed crops of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cv. Grindstad. The experiments were laid out after seed harvest in mid‐August in crops with a stubble height of 5 cm (two experiments) or 12–15 cm (four experiments). Cutting to 5 cm on 15 September or 15 October, with or without an application of 50 kg N ha^?1 immediately after seed harvest, and with or without an additional application of 30 kg N ha^?1 after cutting, were compared with an uncut and unfertilized control treatment. As a main effect,autumn cutting increased seed yield in the subsequent year in only one experiment; this was laid out in a 13 cm stubble on a fertile soil near the coast. In the remaining five experiments seed yields were unaffected byautumn management regardless of climate or stubble height. Autumn cutting and N application increased the number of seedheads in two experiments, but this was offset by a drop in other seed yield components. On average for two cutting dates and for plots receiving an application of 50 kg N ha^?1 after seed harvest, the dry matter (DM) was 1430 kg ha^?1 on an inland site with 12–15 cm stubble, 1400 kg ha^?1 on a coastal site with 5 cm stubble and 2460 kg ha^?1 for two coastal sites with 12–15 cm stubble. Whereas forage yield and quality were fairly stable from the first to the second cut at the inland site, the yield of DM increased, but the crude protein and energy concentrations decreased from 15 September to 15 October at the coastal sites. It is concluded that the stubble and regrowth in seed crops of timothy cv. Grindstad can be harvested for forage without any effect on seed yield in the next year.     

高产抗病圭亚那柱花草综合性状评价

1998年引进14个柱花草种质品种,以中国热带农业科学院选育的热研2号柱花草和热研5号柱花草为对照进行比较试验。结果表明:GC1480(IRRI)、GC1463(IRRI)和GC1517(IRRI)柱花草的干物质产量达11 377.5、9 360.2、9 296.7 kg/(hm2·a),分别比热研2号的高26.49％、4.06％和3.35％,比热研5号的高72.24％、41.70％和40.74％;且GC1480(IRRI)、GC1463(IRRI)柱花草的旱季干物质产量较高,具有较强的抗旱性;抗柱花草炭疽病能力优于热研5号柱花草;在定期刈割条件下,植株存活率分别达77.50％、50.00％和49.17％,具有较强的抗寒性;灰色关联分析评价结果表明,综合性状优于热研2号柱花草和热研5号柱花草。     

Effect of Stubble Shaving after High-Level Cutting on the Growth and Yield of Forage Sugarcane,KRFo93-1, under Multiple Ratooning Cultivation

Abstract

In the production of sugarcane, stubble shaving that cuts the residual stubble of the previous crop is carried out to promote ratoon crop growth. On the other hand, in the production of feed crops, it is generally considered that high-level cutting increases the yield of the regrowth crop. In this study, the growth and yield of the forage sugarcane subjected to high-level cutting without stubble shaving (HC) were compared with those of the plants subjected to stubble shaving (Control) to clarify the necessity of stubble shaving in the cultivation of a forage sugarcane variety, KRFo93-1. The influence of high-level cutting on the growth and yield of ratoon crop was evaluated from the first ratoon crop (RC1) to sixth ratoon crop (RC6). Tiller number in the Control plot was not different from that in the HC plots in all ratoon crops from RC1 to RC6. Stem length was significantly larger in HC than in the Control plot in all ratoon crops at the initial stage of regrowth, and in RC1, RC3, RC5 and RC6 around the harvest time. Dry matter yield was significantly higher in HC than in the Control plot in RC1, RC3, RC5, RC6 and in the sum of the ratoon crops. Although no significant difference was observed in RC2 or RC4, the dry matter yield of HC exceeded that of Control plot. The increase in the dry matter yield of HC was due to an enhancement of stem growth, since the single stem dry weight were larger in HC than in Control plot. Thus, cultivation management without stubble shaving is recommended in KRFo93-1.     

留桩高度对再生稻源库性状与物质运转的影响

 以8个水稻品种(组合)为材料,研究了留桩高度对再生稻源库流特性的影响。根据不同留桩高度下再生稻产量,将供试品种分为3种再生类型：高桩再生型、低桩再生型和中高桩再生型。留桩高度降低,再生稻有效穗数减少而每穗粒数增加,而低桩再生型品种每穗粒数增幅更大;高桩与中高桩再生型品种再生稻叶面积指数以高桩处理最大,而低桩再生型品种随留桩高度下降而增大;高桩再生型品种灌浆期光合速率以中、高桩处理较大,中高桩与低桩再生型品种齐穗期以高桩处理最大,齐穗后10 d和20 d以中低桩处理较大;高桩再生型品种再生稻作物生长率以高桩处理最高,而中高桩、低桩再生型品种以低桩或中桩处理最高;中高桩与低桩再生型品种再生稻枝梗过氧化氢酶活性随留桩高度下降而增强,而高桩再生型品种表现相反;高桩再生型品种茎鞘碳水化合物转运率以高桩处理较高,而低桩再生型品种以中、低桩处理较高。可见,留桩高度对再生稻源库流特性的影响与品种的再生类型密切相关。     

不同铲蔸深度对甘蔗根系形态和生理特性的影响

以云蔗07-2800为材料,在收获期设置4个不同铲蔸深度（5、0、-5、-10 cm）,研究不同铲蔸深度对甘蔗伸长期根系形态特征和生理特性的影响。结果表明：铲蔸深度对伸长期甘蔗生物量有极显著影响（P<0.01）。铲入地下5 cm处理甘蔗伸长期地上部生物量干重极显著高于其他处理,各处理间根冠比差异较大。在伸长期甘蔗总根长、根系总表面积和根系总体积均呈现增长趋势,且在伸长中期和后期,铲入地下5 cm处理的总根长、根系总表面积和根系总体积均极显著高于其他处理。同一时期各处理根系丙二醛（MDA）含量高低表现为5 cm>-5 cm>0 cm>-10 cm,根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性高低总体表现为伸长后期>伸长中期>伸长早期。根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和硝酸还原酶（NR）酶活性高低均表现为5 cm<0 cm<-5 cm<-10 cm的趋势。蔗蔸铲入地下5 cm处理的甘蔗生物量最大,产量最高,说明该处理可有效促进宿根甘蔗根系生长、发育,增加深层根系总量,提高根系抗逆性生理指标含量与活性,提高甘蔗植株对水分、养分的利用效率,增产增效。在甘蔗机械化管理收获技术水平不断提高和宿根蔗年限不长的背景下,宿根蔗采用入土5 cm铲蔸作业,具有较好增产效果和大面积推广应用的前景。     

收割高度对不同类型玉米饲用品质和产量的影响

在大田条件下分别对农大108和科多4号不同收割始节位(基部第1～8节间)的整株饲用品质和产量变化研究表明：随着收割始节位升高,两品种秸秆CP含量均呈直线增加趋势,NDF、ADF和ADL均呈直线下降趋势;随着收割高度的增加两品种之间的CP含量提高速率及ADL下降速率相近,科多4号的NDF下降速度快于农大108,农大108的ADF下降速率快于科多4号;玉米基部3个节间CP含量低,NDF、ADF和ADL含量高,饲用营养品质差;从第4节间收割明显改善玉米秸秆的饲用营养品质,其干物质产量损失10%以下。