棉粉虱的发生与防治

棉粉虱[Bemisia tobaci(Gennius)]又叫烟粉虱、甘薯粉虱,谷称"小白蛾子",属同翅目,粉虱科,小粉虱属,广泛分布于世界各地.     

不同植物上灰飞虱适合度的研究

 通过室内笼罩饲养法观察了水稻、玉米、高粱、稗草等57种植物上灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus（Fallén）的生长发育繁殖情况。不同供试植物上灰飞虱羽化率、若虫历期、初羽化成虫体质量、成虫寿命和产卵量等参数均存在不同程度的差异。结合主成分分析和种群趋势指数分析,发现57种供试植物中,适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有稗草等5种,这些植物上灰飞虱羽化率介于59.4%~86.9%,种群趋势指数在27.8以上;较适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有黑麦草等9种,灰飞虱羽化率在27.0%~64.5%,种群趋势指数多在10以上;较不适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有牛筋草等5种,羽化率介于130%~35.6%,种群趋势指数为1~10;不适宜灰飞虱生存的植物有无芒雀麦等13种,羽化率在10%以下,种群趋势指数在1以下;玉米等25种植物上灰飞虱若虫不能羽化为成虫。其中,黑麦草、棒头草、菵草、白顶早熟禾、野燕麦和荠菜等为新证实的寄主植物。     

转Bt棉田Q型烟粉虱消长动态及黄板诱杀技术

为探索预测和治理抗虫棉田Q型烟粉虱的技术,2013年对不同转Bt抗虫棉田Q型烟粉虱成虫消长动态进行了系统调查,并进行了黄板诱杀技术和效果研究。结果表明,抗虫棉与常规棉田Q型烟粉虱始发期基本一致,但抗虫棉田烟粉虱种群盛发期较常规棉稍推迟,且种群发生量显著高于常规棉田;另外,不同抗虫棉之间Q型烟粉虱种群消长动态也不太一致。黄板诱杀棉田Q型烟粉虱技术和效果研究结果表明,当黄板下沿与棉株生长点平行放置,放置方向为东西走向,粘着剂为机油时,诱杀效果最佳。该研究为抗虫棉田Q型烟粉虱的预警监测和无公害治理,提供了一定的理论依据和技术支撑。     

不同地区烟粉虱对几种杀虫剂相对抗药性测定

烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)又称棉粉虱,属同翅目粉虱科、小粉虱属,是一种多食性的小型昆虫.烟粉虱为刺吸式口器害虫,在棉花上主要吸食棉花叶片汁液,大量消耗棉花同化产物,导致棉株衰弱,严重时甚至可使植株死亡,造成棉花大幅度减产.近年来,B型烟粉虱的侵入及其对环境条件的良好适应性,导致其种群在我国迅速增加和蔓延,危害日趋严重.     

烟粉虱发与防治技术

1 烟粉虱概述 烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)属同翅目,粉虱科,小粉虱属.首先报道于1889年,在希腊的烟草上发现,命名为烟粉虱.1894年,在美国的佛罗里达州的甘薯上发现了新北区的第一头烟粉虱,被鉴定为甘薯粉虱Bemisia inconspicua.烟粉虱由于其形态的变异性,产生了许多同物异名.在1957年,Russell对酷似Bemisia标本进行进一步确认,B.tabaci的异名种已达19种.到1978年烟粉虱的同物异名又达到了22种.因此,B.tabaci有几种常用俗名,如烟粉虱、棉粉虱或甘薯粉虱.     

不同生态调控方式对棉田烟粉虱种群消长动态的影响

比较了棉田设置黄板、喷施缩节胺、不同方式种植诱集作物、与玉米、蔬菜、果树邻作和防除杂草、整枝打杈等形成的不同生态带对棉田烟粉虱种群消长动态的影响.结果表明,整个棉花生长期,临近棉田设置黄板、喷施缩节胺、棉田成片种植向日葵、与玉米邻作、及时防除杂草和整枝打杈对减轻棉田烟粉虱的发生和危害有明显的作用.可见,种植诱集作物及变换其种植方式和配套的农艺措施对生态调控棉田中的烟粉虱可以发挥积极的作用.     

烟粉虱发生与防治技术

1烟粉虱概述烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）属同翅目，粉虱科，小粉虱属。首先报道于1889年，在希腊的烟草上发现，命名为烟粉虱。1894年，在美国的佛罗里达州的甘薯上发现了新北区的第一头烟粉虱，被鉴定为甘薯粉虱Bemisia inconspicua。烟粉虱由于其形态的变异性，产生了许多同物异名。在1957年，Russell对酷似Bemisia玩标本进行进一步确认，B．tabaci的异名种已达19种。     

豫南棉区烟粉虱的发生与防治

烟粉虱学名为Bemisia tabaci,属同翅目,粉虱科,异名有B.gossypiperda Misra、B.longispina Preisner et Hosny.首先报道于1889年,在希腊的烟草上发现,命名为烟粉虱(Aleyrodes tabaci).     

在不同农作物上烟粉虱的成虫数量调查

烟粉虱以前不是棉花的主要害虫。故对该害虫的研究甚少。近几年来 ,山东省随着农田栽培制度的急剧变革 ,使田间农作物种植搭配方式的复杂化程度极大提高 ,以及夏季高温干旱和冬季温室大棚等保护地迅速增多 ,为烟粉虱种群数量的积累提供了良好的有利条件 ,再者大面积种植转Bt基因抗虫棉后 ,由于大幅度地减少了化学农药的使用 ,使原来棉田内的偶发性害虫得不到良好的兼治 ,也使其种群越来越大 ,最终导致了烟粉虱对棉花危害趋于加重。为保证棉花生产 ,立足农业生态防治角度 ,合理布局棉田 ,营造不利于烟粉虱繁衍生殖的环境条件 ,是综合防治该…     

寄主植物对三角新小卷蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

研究不同寄主植物对三角新小卷蛾(Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick)取食、生长、发育及存活的影响,组建三角新小卷蛾实验种群生命表.结果表明:在25℃温度下,采用荔枝、龙眼、莲雾、芒果、柑橘饲喂三角新小卷蛾的发育历期分别为20.74、18.17、23.41、23.23、29.0 d.在荔枝、龙眼上该虫幼虫和蛹的存活率较高.三角新小卷蛾在荔枝、龙眼、莲雾、芒果、柑橘上的内禀增长力(rm)分别为0.185 2、0.161 1、0.134 8、0.134 7和0.112 8.均大于0.种群趋势指数(I)分别为60.80、53.76、36.10、30.60和49.00,均大于1,该虫种群呈增长趋势.综合比较5种寄主植物,三角新小卷蛾的最适宜寄主植物是荔枝和龙眼.     

Effect of different host plants on the fitness of diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. The pest is present wherever its host plants exist and is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the effect of various host plants on the fitness of P. xylostella and tested the hypothesis by studying development time, growth, fecundity and survival on cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), turnip (Brassica rapa), mustard (Brassica compestris) and canola (Brassica napus var. canola). The developmental time from eggs to adult eclosion was the shortest (10 days) on canola and the longest (13 days) on turnip. Fecundity was greatest on canola (350) followed by cauliflower (268 eggs) by females eclosed from the pupae reared on canola and cauliflower, respectively, while the minimum numbers of eggs (184) were observed on cabbage. The number of eggs hatched was the highest (80%) when larvae fed on cauliflower. Survival to the adult stage was the highest (94%) on mustard followed by cauliflower and lowest (64%) on turnip. The net replacement rate was lowest for populations reared on cabbage (32.3), which was also reflected by the lowest intrinsic rate of population increase (0.20). The correlation between the intrinsic rate of population increase (r_m) and the mean relative growth rate was significant (t = 20.02 d.f. = 4, P < 0.05). Canola and mustard proved to be the most suitable hosts for P. xylostella because of shorter developmental period, higher percentage of survival and higher number of eggs. The data point to the role of host plants in increasing local P. xylostella populations.     

中国烟粉虱寄生蜂资源及其区系分布

对中国寄生烟粉虱的寄生蜂种类、寄主类别和分布地区进行了系统论述。根据采集调查和文献记录,目前中国烟粉虱寄生蜂约有27种,占世界记录总数的54%,主要隶属膜翅目(Hymenoptera)蚜小蜂科(Aphelin-idae),其中,恩蚜小蜂属(Encarsia)的21种,桨角蚜小蜂属(Eretmocerus)的6种。主要分布于长江流域以南的福建、广东、广西、台湾和香港等地,台湾种类分布最多。同时,对中国烟粉虱寄生蜂的地理区系分布进行了分析和讨论。     

Screening of the susceptibility of newly released genotypes of potato to thrips infestation under field conditions in northwest Iran

Use of host plant resistance is an essential component of integrated management of Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The present research was designed to screen five commercial cultivars of potato, namely Agria, Kondor, Morene, Diamant and Savalan, and two breeding lines 397082-2 and Khavaran for their susceptibility to thrips infestation and for their mean relative plant growth rate (MRGR) and crop yield in an experimental field (not frected with insecticides) and a control field (chlorpyrifos frected) in the Ardabil region of Iran in 2011 and 2012. Thrips populations were assessed by visual inspection on potato leaves. At harvest time, the percentage of leaf area damaged by thrips infestation was assessed on leaves of the tested genotypes. All adults of phytophagous thrips collected in the experimental field were T. tabaci. In both years the mean numbers of thrips adults and larvae were lowest on Savalan cultivar among the tested genotypes. The mean damage index was also lowest on Savalan in both years and the MRGR and the mean yield were greatest in Savalan in the control field. Moreover, in thrips-infested plants, the lowest percentage of MRGR loss and the lowest percentage of yield reduction were observed in Savalan (3.7% and 5.8%, respectively). Of the genotypes tested, Savalan is the most resistant host and has potential for use in the sustainable management of T. tabaci on potato.     

不同密度地膜甜菜光合与呼吸特性及与产质量间的关系

本文探讨了不同密度群体结构下，地膜甜菜光合及呼吸作用的日变化、生育中后期光合、呼吸作用的变化及与产量和经济性状间的相关性。结果表明：低到中等密度下（４５０００～７５０００株／ｈｍ２）群体光合、呼吸作用日变化为双峰曲线，高密度下（１０５０００株／ｈｍ２）为单峰曲线。中密度至高密度下，群体表观光合强度和呼吸强度日变化均为单峰曲线。密度越大，随生育期推进，表观光合强度下降越明显，而净光合强度则大幅度降低。相关分析表明，地膜甜菜群体光合、呼吸作用与甜菜个体生长相关性较好，而与含糖率、产糖量间相关性较差，与地上部生长相关性较好，而与根部生长相关性较差。     

Functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet parasitizing cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Parasitoids were isolated singly for 24 h in 5 cm petri dishes with either 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 second nymphal stages of B. tabaci. Results showed a typical type II functional response, with up to 43.2 hosts attacked when 100 hosts were provided. The rate of attack and handling time were 0.0465 and 0.3341 days, respectively. At above mentioned densities, the parasitoids lived an average of approximately 4 days. At host densities of < or =20 host/day, the total number of eggs laid was limited by the number of hosts available. Total fecundity was highest with an average of 196 eggs/female at density 100.     

5%高氯·啶虫脒热雾剂对烟粉虱的杀虫活性

于室内和田间测定了5%高氯·啶虫脒热雾剂对烟粉虱的杀虫活性。结果表明：5%高氯·啶虫脒热雾剂对烟粉虱成虫具有很强的毒杀作用,其毒力回归方程为4.007 8＋1.457 7x,LC50值为4.79 mg/L,说明氯氰菊酯对啶虫脒具有显著的增效作用,其共毒系数(CTC)为186;田间防治试验显示,5%高氯·啶虫脒热雾剂对烟粉虱具有明显的控制作用,在处理剂量为37.5～112.5 g/hm2时,药后7 d的防治效果可达75%以上。5%高氯·啶虫脒热雾剂可作为防治烟粉虱的专用药剂。     

Bioassay evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassaina Vuellemin against eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

This study was carried out to determine the lethal effect of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassaina Vuell. on eggs, young and old nymphs of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. Mortality percentage was significantly differed based on stage of B. tabaci and conidial concentrations of B. bassina. Average of the infection level to insect was very low particularly in eggs with only 4.49%, even with higher conidial concentrations (6 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1)). Whereas, it was higher with 1st and 2nd instars (42.045%) and 3rd and 4th instars (35.93%). Three parameters was assessed with B. tabaci eggs, namely; egg infection, egg hatchability and crawlers emergence. Egg mortality percentages averaged 1.2, 4.27 and 8.0% with fungal concentration 2 x 10(6), 4 x 10(6) and 6 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1), respectively. Daily infection percentages were varied depend upon the conidial concentration where the highest infection rate of eggs was occurred with 6 x 10(6), followed by 4 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1). Egg hatch was very high, while the mortality among the emerged crawlers was neglectable compared with the check. Efficiency of B. bassaina on whitefly nymphs also was varied based on the insect instar and fungal concentration. Mortality percentages were obviously higher to young nymphs (1st and 2nd instars) than to older ones (3rd and 4th instars). The results indicated that nymphs were highly susceptible to fungal treatment compared with eggs. Additionally, pathogenicity and virulence of B. bassaina against B. tabaci immatures was not indicated by LC50 only, but also, by the time in days (LT50) required to achieve 50% mortality of an insect.     

Effects of different brassicaceous host plants on the fitness of Pieris brassicae (L.)

Pieris brassicae (L.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. It is present wherever its host plants occur and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the affect of various host plants on the fitness of P. brassicae to survive, develop and reproduce. We quantified development time, survival and mortality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), and mustard (Brassica campestris) under laboratory conditions. The developmental time from eggs to adult eclosion was the shortest (30.3 days) on cabbage and the longest (38.0 days) on radish. However, adult longevity was significantly (P < 0.001) greatest on cabbage compared with the other host plants tested. Similarly, the developmental rate of P. brassicae was found to be faster on cabbage than other cole crops. Moreover, the lowest immature mortality was evident on cabbage and highest on mustard and radish. Differences in reproductive parameters of the P. brassicae among host plants were analyzed using pseudo-values, which were produced by jackknife re-sampling. The data showed that the higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.116 females/female/day) was found on cabbage. Cabbage was recognized as the most suitable host for P. brassicae because of shorter developmental period, higher percentage survival, lower doubling time (6.00), and higher number of adult emergence (29.7%).     

Host selection behavior of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on commercial cruciferous host plants

A series of host-choice tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the host selection behavior of the Bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris on commercial cruciferous seedlings. In addition, a separate choice test was conducted to investigate the selection behavior of B. hilaris adults for broccoli plants of various growth stages: cotyledon, 1-leaf, 2-leaf, and 4-leaf plant stages. In comparing host selection among the commercial seedlings, observations on host attractiveness, host acceptance and host susceptibility of the cruciferous cultivars to B. hilaris adults were measured by recording numbers of adults per plant, the time at which feeding damage was first observed, and the time plant mortality occurred for each cultivar, respectively. Results showed that significantly more adult B. hilaris were attracted to a commercial radish cultivar than all other hosts, followed by red and green cabbage. Measurements of host acceptance varied among the cruciferous cultivars, however in terms of feeding damage, alyssum, arugula and broccoli appeared to be relatively less acceptable hosts for B. hilaris. Similarly, all host plants were susceptible to B. hilaris feeding damage and plant mortality varied among cultivars. In the broccoli growth-stage trials, experiments were designed in a similar fashion except that the experiment was conducted in plastic cages. A greater number of B. hilaris adults were attracted to 4-leaf-stage broccoli than other growth stages, but feeding damage was observed more quickly on cotyledon-stage plants. The implications of these findings for developing alternative pest management approaches for B. hilaris in commercial cruciferous crops are discussed.