福建省烟粉虱寄生蜂的调查与常见种类鉴别

对福建省大田作物的烟粉虱寄生蜂种类进行调查,采获和鉴定寄生蜂6种,即:蚜小蜂科(Aphelinidae)的双斑恩蚜小蜂(Encarsia bimaculata)、日本恩蚜小蜂(Encarsia japonica)、索非亚恩蚜小蜂(Encarsia sophia)、蒙氏桨角蚜小蜂(Eretmocerus mundus)、瑞加桨角蚜小蜂(Eretmocerus rajasthanicus)和广腹细蜂科(Platygasteridae)的1种埃密细蜂(Amitus sp.),简述它们的形态鉴别特征。同时,从其他粉虱寄主或扫网等的调查中,还采获另外10种恩蚜小蜂和桨角蚜小蜂,根据国内外文献报道也可寄生烟粉虱,在此本研究一并进行了讨论。     

西双版纳橡胶盔蚧寄生蜂的调查及常见种类鉴别

2007～2009年,在中国西双版纳各农场、民营胶园及云南省热带作物科学研究所周边等地,对橡胶树上的橡胶盔蚧寄生蜂的种类和分布进行了调查.共鉴定橡胶盔蚧寄生蜂245 8头,隶属4科11属12种,其中优雅岐脉跳小蜂和蜡蚧褐腰啮小蜂为橡胶盔蚧寄生蜂优势种,红黄花翅跳小蜂、斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂、黑盔蚧长盾金小蜂、异角蚜小蜂和花翅蚜小蜂为常见种.记述了优势种和常见种的鉴别特征,同时提供了鉴别特征网和西双版纳地区橡胶盔蚧寄生蜂种类检索表.     

烟粉虱在不同棉花品种上的发生数量和空间分布特点

烟粉虱是近年来入侵我国的外来有害生物之一 ,属同翅目 ,粉虱科 ,小粉虱属。有 A、B两种生物型 ,其中 B型烟粉虱的食性杂 ,寄主范围广 ,是棉花、蔬菜和花卉的主要害虫。国内自 1 997年在广东局部地区发生危害以来 ,短短的几年时间内 ,就在全国各产棉区迅速蔓延危害棉花 ,对棉花生产已构成严重威胁 ,故尽快研究出有效防治技术措施应对 ,是控制烟粉虱危害亟待解决的大问题。为探索利用棉花本身对烟粉虱的抗 (耐 )性、减轻对棉花危害程度的可能性及怎样施药可以提高防治效果 ,于 2 0 0 3年对烟粉虱在不同品种棉花上的发生数量和分布进行了调…     

烟粉虱发与防治技术

1 烟粉虱概述 烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)属同翅目,粉虱科,小粉虱属.首先报道于1889年,在希腊的烟草上发现,命名为烟粉虱.1894年,在美国的佛罗里达州的甘薯上发现了新北区的第一头烟粉虱,被鉴定为甘薯粉虱Bemisia inconspicua.烟粉虱由于其形态的变异性,产生了许多同物异名.在1957年,Russell对酷似Bemisia标本进行进一步确认,B.tabaci的异名种已达19种.到1978年烟粉虱的同物异名又达到了22种.因此,B.tabaci有几种常用俗名,如烟粉虱、棉粉虱或甘薯粉虱.     

不同地区烟粉虱对几种杀虫剂相对抗药性测定

烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)又称棉粉虱,属同翅目粉虱科、小粉虱属,是一种多食性的小型昆虫.烟粉虱为刺吸式口器害虫,在棉花上主要吸食棉花叶片汁液,大量消耗棉花同化产物,导致棉株衰弱,严重时甚至可使植株死亡,造成棉花大幅度减产.近年来,B型烟粉虱的侵入及其对环境条件的良好适应性,导致其种群在我国迅速增加和蔓延,危害日趋严重.     

烟粉虱若虫在夏大豆植株上分布的研究

对烟粉虱若虫在223份不同结荚习性大豆品种植株上的分布进行了调查研究.结果表明烟粉虱若虫在夏大豆植株上的总体分布集中在中上部,占总数的83.1%,中部与上部之间差异不显著.不同结荚习性大豆品种上烟粉虱若虫的分布存在明显差异.有限结荚习性品种主要分布在上部,上4叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的57.7%;无限结荚习性品种主要分布在中上部,第11叶至第16叶上烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的53.1%;亚有限结荚习性品种中5叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的39.6%,上5叶烟粉虱数占单株烟粉虱总数的41.4%.由此可以看出,化学防治烟粉虱的重点部位是大豆植株的中上部叶片.     

烟粉虱对寄主植物的选择

烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)]是小黑瓢虫[Delphastus catalinae(Horn)]的捕食猎物之一。提供6种寄主植物进行烟粉虱的选择试验,发现寄主植物对烟粉虱生长发育和存活的影响不明显,主要影响其成虫生殖力和种群增长。通过比较烟粉虱的种群增长指数(I),发现花椰菜、一品红、豇豆和烟草这4种寄主植物比较适合用于人工大量繁育烟粉虱,其中花椰菜的饲养效果最佳,最有利于烟粉虱种群的快速增长。     

三亚市椰心叶甲寄生蜂的防效调查

先后2次对海南三亚市椰心叶甲放蜂点进行寄生蜂防治效果调查,从放蜂点分布、椰树危害程度、虫口密度和寄生蜂寄生率等4个方面评价椰心叶甲啮小蜂和椰甲截脉姬小蜂对椰心叶甲的防控效果。结果表明：三亚的椰树危害程度在逐渐减轻,轻度危害的椰树已占调查点的60％,虫口密度已明显下降。从两种寄生蜂的分布情况来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的分布范围在扩大,已经分布在每个调查点,椰甲截脉姬小蜂的分布范围则略有缩小。两种寄生蜂的寄生率比较来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂较2007年高,而椰甲截脉姬小蜂在三亚的寄生率较2007年差。说明了两种寄生蜂均可以在三亚寄生生存,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的生存能力更强,对椰心叶甲的防控效果比椰甲截脉姬小蜂好。本研究对如何利用寄生蜂来控制椰心叶甲,具有重要的参考意义。     

烟粉虱发生与防治技术

1烟粉虱概述烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）属同翅目，粉虱科，小粉虱属。首先报道于1889年，在希腊的烟草上发现，命名为烟粉虱。1894年，在美国的佛罗里达州的甘薯上发现了新北区的第一头烟粉虱，被鉴定为甘薯粉虱Bemisia inconspicua。烟粉虱由于其形态的变异性，产生了许多同物异名。在1957年，Russell对酷似Bemisia玩标本进行进一步确认，B．tabaci的异名种已达19种。     

棉粉虱的发生与防治

棉粉虱[Bemisia tobaci(Gennius)]又叫烟粉虱、甘薯粉虱,谷称"小白蛾子",属同翅目,粉虱科,小粉虱属,广泛分布于世界各地.     

Functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet parasitizing cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Parasitoids were isolated singly for 24 h in 5 cm petri dishes with either 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 second nymphal stages of B. tabaci. Results showed a typical type II functional response, with up to 43.2 hosts attacked when 100 hosts were provided. The rate of attack and handling time were 0.0465 and 0.3341 days, respectively. At above mentioned densities, the parasitoids lived an average of approximately 4 days. At host densities of < or =20 host/day, the total number of eggs laid was limited by the number of hosts available. Total fecundity was highest with an average of 196 eggs/female at density 100.     

松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂雌性生殖系统、寄生习性及幼期发育的研究

松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂（Coccobius azumai Tachikawa）是松突圆蚧（Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi）的主要寄生性天敌之一。解剖花角蚜小蜂的雌性生殖系统,发现其卵巢左右成对,每侧卵巢各由3条卵巢管组成;两侧卵巢管端丝集结在一起形成悬带,左右两侧悬带分离,不形成中悬带。通过电镜扫描观察,发现花角蚜小蜂产卵器上具毛形感觉器、感觉孔、表皮刺和腔形感觉器。花角蚜小蜂的寄生过程分为：搜索、寄主定位、寄主试探、穿刺、产卵和梳理等几个步骤。生殖方式为两性生殖和孤雌生殖,重寄生产雄性个体。个体发育经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫等4个虫态。     

中国胯姬小蜂属(膜翅目:姬小蜂科)——新记录种

海南桉树林地受桉树枝瘿姬小蜂(Leptocybe invasa FisherLa Salle)为害较重,为了有效防治桉树枝瘿姬小蜂,于2014年12月~2015年7月在海南三亚、东方、儋州、临高等地开展了桉树枝瘿姬小蜂寄生性天敌资源的调查。在为期8个月的调查期间,收集到了大量桉树枝瘿姬小蜂及其寄生蜂,并对其生物学进行了观察。其中一种寄生蜂,孟氏胯姬小蜂(Quadrastichus mendeli KimLa Salle),为国内首次报道,确定为中国新纪录种。本研究对孟氏胯姬小蜂进行了描述,同时对其生物学进行了补充。     

海南省美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂种类及其控制作用评价

调查发现,海南省豆类、瓜类和茄类蔬菜上的美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂常见种类有：姬小蜂科Eulophidae的底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis penthus（Walker）、异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis（Girault）、点腹青背姬小蜂Chrysonotomyia punctiventris（Crawford）、美丽青背姬小蜂Chrysonotomyia formosa（Westwood）和黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis oscinidis Ashmead,以及茧蜂科Braconidae的甘蓝斑潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus（Ashmead）.其中,底比斯釉姬小蜂是优势种.这些寄生蜂对豆类、瓜类和茄类蔬菜上的美洲斑潜蝇的寄生率分别为29.1%,33.0%和18.0%,平均寄生率为27.1%.应用生命表排除作用控制指数（EIPC）分析法进行寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群控制作用研究,结果表明：美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂的EIPC值为3.1817,寄生蜂的作用是抑制美洲斑潜蝇种群数量发展的重要因子.     

Bioassay evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassaina Vuellemin against eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

This study was carried out to determine the lethal effect of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassaina Vuell. on eggs, young and old nymphs of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. Mortality percentage was significantly differed based on stage of B. tabaci and conidial concentrations of B. bassina. Average of the infection level to insect was very low particularly in eggs with only 4.49%, even with higher conidial concentrations (6 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1)). Whereas, it was higher with 1st and 2nd instars (42.045%) and 3rd and 4th instars (35.93%). Three parameters was assessed with B. tabaci eggs, namely; egg infection, egg hatchability and crawlers emergence. Egg mortality percentages averaged 1.2, 4.27 and 8.0% with fungal concentration 2 x 10(6), 4 x 10(6) and 6 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1), respectively. Daily infection percentages were varied depend upon the conidial concentration where the highest infection rate of eggs was occurred with 6 x 10(6), followed by 4 x 10(6) conidia mL(-1). Egg hatch was very high, while the mortality among the emerged crawlers was neglectable compared with the check. Efficiency of B. bassaina on whitefly nymphs also was varied based on the insect instar and fungal concentration. Mortality percentages were obviously higher to young nymphs (1st and 2nd instars) than to older ones (3rd and 4th instars). The results indicated that nymphs were highly susceptible to fungal treatment compared with eggs. Additionally, pathogenicity and virulence of B. bassaina against B. tabaci immatures was not indicated by LC50 only, but also, by the time in days (LT50) required to achieve 50% mortality of an insect.     

2种瓜实蝇寄生蜂的研究进展

瓜实蝇(Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett)是危害多种蔬菜和水果的重要害虫,化学防治效果成效甚微,生物防治有望成为最有潜力的防治技术。本文主要对瓜实蝇的寄生性天敌阿里山潜蝇茧蜂(Fopius arisanus Sonan)和弗氏短背茧蜂(Psyttalia fletcheri Silvestri)的生物学特性、影响寄生蜂存活和雌雄性比的主要因素、寄主范围及寄主选择性、扩繁技术及其对实蝇的防治效果等方面进行综述,为2种蜂在瓜实蝇生物防治中的应用提供参考。     

Sublethal effect of avermectin and acetamiprid on the mortality of different life stages of Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae) and its larvae parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

The beneficial parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček plays an important role in integrated pest management (IPM) of the coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro), in China. A. hispinarum females parasitize 3rd to 4th instars B. longissima larvae. Hatched parasitoid larvae develop within the host, and parasitoid adults emerge through holes that they chew through the cuticle of the host. Although chemicals serve as the main short term control agents, the compatibility of biological and chemical control has never been investigated for this system. This study examined the responses of immature and adult B. longissima and its larval parasitoid A. hispinarum to avermectin and acetamiprid. Avermectin caused complete mortality of 2nd to 4th instar larvae, and of adults of B. longissima at 10, 15 and 2 d after treatment, respectively. However, 26.7% of the 2nd instar larvae, 55.3% of the 4th instar larvae, and 74%, of adult B. longissima were still alive 40 d after acetamiprid application. Following avermectin exposure, 17.5%, 9.2% and 23% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids for the parasitoid egg, larva and pupa treatments, respectively, and the numbers of dead parasitoids per mummy were 3.3, 7.2 and 13.3 for the egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. However, for acetamiprid treatment, 70–75.9% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids in all three stage treatments, and the number of dead parasitoids per mummy was 2.8, 2 and 3.4 in egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. This study showed that a sublethal dose of avermectin is more toxic than acetamiprid to B. longissima and A. hispinarum. Therefore, direct contact of the parasitoid with avermectin should be avoided when this insecticide is used to control B. longissima.     

Parasitoids of the grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians Barnes and McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in northwestern Mexico

Nine species of parasitoids were collected from pupae of the grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians Barnes and McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Caborca, Sonora in northwestern Mexico. The parasitoids detected and the percentage parasitization observed were: Ametadoria misella (Wulp), (Diptera: Tachinidae) 29.3%; Hockeria rubra (Ash.), and a species from the genus Euchalcidia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), plus five suspected species, all from the family Eulophidae, and a species from the genus Arachnophaga (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), 21.6%. Mortality due to unknown causes was 13.7%. In all, 64.6% parasitization and mortality was observed. The most abundant parasitoids were the five unidentified suspected species of Eulophidae, which corresponded to 46% of the total collected; the species from the genus Euchalcidia made up 31% of the total; the tachinid fly, Ametadoria misella comprised 15%; Hockeria rubra comprised 8%, and the species from the genus Arachnophaga comprised < 1%.