3种紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发性物质的异质性分析

紫苏属植物的叶具多种生物活性,且有特异性香气。为探究紫苏属不同植物鲜叶挥发性物质异同,以紫苏、白苏和柠檬紫苏为研究对象,采用固相微萃取进行富集提取,运用气相质谱对鲜叶挥发物进行分离鉴定。结果表明：（1）紫苏属植物鲜叶的挥发物存在较显著差异。通过主成分分析,3种紫苏属植物的样本点分别独自聚为一类;（2）3种紫苏属植物高匹配（匹配度≥90%）、高相对含量（相对含量≥2%）的挥发物存在不同。柠檬紫苏为柠檬醛、顺式-柠檬醛和蘑菇醇等,紫苏为α-石竹烯、β-石竹烯和洋芹脑等,白苏则包括β-石竹烯、蘑菇醇和芳樟醇等;（3）3种紫苏属植物存在各自特异性挥发物。柠檬紫苏叶片中检测出特异性挥发物19种,为柠檬醛、β-柠檬醇等。紫苏有8种,如洋芹脑等。白苏有6种特异性挥发物,为芳樟醇等;（4）3种紫苏属植物同时存在4个共有挥发物,分别为β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯、β-石竹烯和蘑菇醇;（5）以所测挥发物为指标,通过聚类分析得到白苏和紫苏的样本聚为一个类群,而柠檬紫苏的样本单独聚为另一类群。本研究为紫苏属植物资源的进一步开发和利用提供依据。     

SPME/GC-MS法分析不同龙眼品种果实中的香气成分

采用 SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质，其中烷类11种，烯类18种，酯类10种，醇类3种，酮类1种，炔类1种，它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异，储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21 种香气成分。其中，4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种：分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯，但其相对含量都有所差异；此外，各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分，如储良特有的香气成分有9种：包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5 -(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔；东丰特有的3种：包括1-碘十一烷、反式，反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯；石硖特有的4种：包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇；东良没有特有的香气成分。     

基于SBSE-GC-MS的紫芽茶挥发性成分分析

采用搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)技术结合气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析了6个代表性紫芽茶中的挥发性成分。结果表明,紫芽茶中具有丰富的挥发性成分,化合物种类和数目高于对照绿茶;芳樟醇、香叶醇、α-松油醇、α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮、(E, E)-2, 4-庚二烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯、二氢猕猴桃内酯和对乙酰氨基苯酚等化合物是紫芽茶中含量最丰富的香气成分。相对气味活性值(ROAV)分析表明,β-大马士酮、β-紫罗酮、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、2-己烯醛、α-紫罗酮和芳樟醇等6种香气成分可能是紫芽茶中一些关键的致香成分;另外,1-辛烯-3-醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、正己醛、正癸醛、β-环高柠檬醛、反式-2-壬醛、正庚醛、β-环柠檬醛和正辛醛等9种成分可能对紫芽茶的整体香气具有重要的修饰作用。     

野生柳叶蜡梅茎挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取柳叶蜡梅茎的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总油量的84.98％.其中含量较高的成分为亚油酸(11.96％)、棕榈酸(11.38％)、(-)-β-杜松烯(5.10％)、按叶油醇(4.89％)、大根香叶烯D(4.84％)、β-石竹烯(4.16％)、(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基-萘(2.91％)、樟脑(2.43％)、石竹烯氧化物(2.23％).     

漳州柠檬香茅精油化学成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从福建漳州产柠檬香茅草中提取精油,利用气相色谱——质谱(GC-MS)技术对挥发油的化学成分进行分析鉴定,鉴定出84个成分,占挥发油色谱总馏出峰面积的99.94%以上,其中含量最高的2个成分是(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(21.49%)和(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(20.88%)。     

长叶榧叶部油挥发性成分的色谱/质谱分析研究

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定了长叶榧叶部精油的挥发性成分,初步发现其主要成分是柠檬烯、反式α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、顺式α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-环庚烷、β-月桂烯,其含量分别为32.2%、12.5%、7.1%、6.6%、6.6%、5.5%、4.4%.     

海南地区白胡椒粉风味成分的研究

采用固相微萃取法采集海南地区白胡椒粉的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱法分析鉴定,并用总离子流色谱峰的峰面积对其风味成分进行归一化定量分析。结果表明：共鉴定出26种化合物,分别为3-蒈烯(20.37 %)、石竹烯(19.81 %)、柠檬烯(14.36 %)、β-蒎烯(9.10 %)、γ-萜品烯(8.18 %)、α-水芹烯(6.70 %)、α-蒎烯(3.60 %)、δ-榄香烯(3.22 %)、罗勒烯(1.97 %)、可巴烯(1.76 %)、异松油烯(1.63 %)、α-石竹烯(1.46 %)和δ-杜松萜烯(1.     

不同加工方法对胡椒精油化学成分的影响

以70%～80%成熟度的胡椒鲜果为原料,通过不同加工方法制备黑胡椒、白胡椒与青胡椒,并通过GC-MS对其胡椒油化学成分进行分析.结果表明:(1)加工方法不同对胡椒油化学成分的种类与含量都有显著影响.(2)3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、反式-石竹烯、β-蒎烯、L-水芹烯、α-蒎烯6种烯类是3种胡椒精油中含量较多的化学成分.其中,黑胡椒精油中特有成分4种:5-甲基-3-己醇、氨基甲酸叔己脂、木罗烯、α-蛇床烯;白胡椒精油中特有成分7种:2-甲基-2-戊醇、3-甲基-3-戊醇、γ-萜品烯、樟脑、乙酸松油酯、β-檀香烯、δ-杜松烯;青胡椒精油中特有成分5种:朱栾倍半萜、γ-古芸烯、4-甲基-3-己醇、2,5-二甲基-2-己醇、反式3-蒈烯-2-醇.     

HP-SPME-GC-MS结合ROAV分析新疆不同小麦品种面粉主要挥发性成分

为了解新疆小麦面粉挥发性成分组成,用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术(headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定12个小麦品种的挥发性物质构成,结合相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析,分析新疆不同小麦品种面粉中的关键香气成分构成差异。结果表明,12个小麦面粉样品中共鉴定出143种挥发性化合物,其中烷烃类50种,烯烃类8种,醛类13种,醇类28种,酮类16种,酯类7种,酸类4种,苯类9种,其他化合物8种。ROAV分析发现不同小麦品种面粉主要挥发性物质有12种：己醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、癸醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-正戊基呋喃、正己醇、1-壬醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、3-辛烯-2-酮、γ-壬内脂。主成分和聚类分析表明,春小麦、冬小麦分别聚为一类。     

基于ATD-GC-MS的建阳马当山1号白茶香气成分分析

为探究建阳马当山1号白茶香气品质形成的物质基础,本研究以建阳贡眉为对照,采用自动热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(ATD-GC-MS)对建阳马当山1号白茶香气成分进行测定.结果表明:建阳马当山1号白茶中鉴定出49种香气成分,其香气总量显著高于建阳贡眉;1-戊烯-3-醇、正己醛、正己醇、戊醛、异佛尔酮、苯甲醇、2-乙基己醇、芳樟醇和苯甲醛为建阳马当山1号白茶的主要香气成分,是建阳马当山1号白茶香气形成的物质基础.此外,建阳马当山1号白茶含有6种特有香型成分,包括1种陈香型(异戊醇)、4种花香型(3,4-二甲基苯甲醇、苯乙醇、橙花醇和香叶醇)、4种木香型(1-十六烷醇、莰烯、β-蒎烯和γ-松油烯)、6种清嫩香型[(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、乙酸己酯、丁酸癸酯、顺式-3-己烯醇2-甲基丁酸酯、2-十八烯酸单甘油酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮]、1种果香型(柠檬醛)和2种甜香型(γ-己内酯和戊二酸二甲酯)物质.这些香气成分构成了建阳马当山1号白茶的独特香气品质,使其形成品种香.     

Exploring the Chemodiversity and Biological Activities of the Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri

The production of fungal metabolites can be remarkably influenced by various cultivation parameters. To explore the biosynthetic potentials of the marine fungus, Neosartorya pseudofischeri, which was isolated from the inner tissue of starfish Acanthaster planci, glycerol-peptone-yeast extract (GlyPY) and glucose-peptone-yeast extract (GluPY) media were used to culture this fungus. When cultured in GlyPY medium, this fungus produced two novel diketopiperazines, neosartins A and B (1 and 2), together with six biogenetically-related known diketopiperazines,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole (3), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-methylene-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2-a]indole (4), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1,3,4-trioxopyrazino[1,2-a] indole (5), 6-acetylbis(methylthio)gliotoxin (10), bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (11), didehydrobisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (12) and N-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (6). However, a novel tetracyclic-fused alkaloid, neosartin C (14), a meroterpenoid, pyripyropene A (15), gliotoxin (7) and five known gliotoxin analogues, acetylgliotoxin (8), reduced gliotoxin (9), 6-acetylbis(methylthio)gliotoxin (10), bisdethiobis(methylthio) gliotoxin (11) and bis-N-norgliovictin (13), were obtained when grown in glucose-containing medium (GluPY medium). This is the first report of compounds 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 12 as naturally occurring. Their structures were determined mainly by MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The possible biosynthetic pathways of gliotoxin-related analogues and neosartin C were proposed. The antibacterial activity of compounds 2–14 and the cytotoxic activity of compounds 4, 5 and 7–13 were evaluated. Their structure-activity relationships are also preliminarily discussed.     

海南产粗根茎莎草挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取粗根茎莎草(Cyperus stoloniferus)的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的99.66％.其中含量较高的为苯二甲酸(2-乙基-己基)酯(29.39％)、4,4α,5,6,7,8-六氢化-4α,5-二甲基1-3(1-甲基乙基)2(3H)-萘酮(19.48％)、3,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢化-4,8a-二.甲基乙烯基-2(1H)萘酮(16.59％).     

Deoxyuridines from the marine sponge associated actinomycete Streptomyces microflavus

One new nucleoside derivative, named 3-acetyl-5-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (1), along with two known compounds 3,5-dimethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (2) and 3-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (3), were isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces microflavus. This strain was an associated actinomycete isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis collected from the coast of Dalian (China). Their structures were elucidated by detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with literature data.     

“春闺”绿茶香气成分鉴定分析

采摘“春闺”茶树品种一芽二、三叶鲜叶原料,按烘青绿茶工艺制样。连续3年感官审评结果表明,“春闺”品种适制绿茶,制绿茶干茶紧结,色泽绿润,味醇爽回甘,茶汤有特殊的花香;采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)法富集其香气物质,并利用GC-MS进行香气成分鉴定,结果表明,春闺烘青绿茶共鉴定出70余种香气化合物,其主要香气成分是橙花叔醇(20.2%)、α-法呢烯(16.96%)、吲哚(13.57%)、反-β-罗勒烯(6.74%)、己酸叶醇酯(3.99%)、壬醛(2.03%)、2-甲基-6-亚甲基-1,7-辛二烯-3-酮(4.61%)、顺-茉莉酮(2.13%)、苯乙醛(1.35%)、己酸己酯(1.28%)、石竹烯(1.34%)等;与绿茶对照种“福鼎大白茶”对比分析发现,春闺绿茶的醇类组分(21.85%)远高于福鼎大白茶绿茶(6.56%),烯烃类(37%)和含氮化合物(15.15%)也比福鼎大白茶绿茶高;而醛类、酮类、酯类、杂氧化合物等低于福鼎大白茶绿茶。     

沉香样品中曲霉属真菌菌株 HNWSW-20 的分离鉴定及其次生代谢产物的研究

本文采用平板分离法从沉香样品中分离得到一株真菌 HNWSW-20,从形态学和分子生物学上鉴定其为曲霉菌（Aspergillus sp.）,并利用多种色谱技术对其次生代谢产物进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定其化合物结构为：2?,3?-dihydrosorbicillin（1）,sorbicillin（2）,2,3-二氢-2-(1-丙烯)-6,8-二甲基-7-羟基-色酮（3）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（4）,7-羟基-异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮（5）二十烷酸甲酯（6）;分别采用 Ellman 比色法和 pNPG 法测定化合物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,结果显示上述化合物 1、2、4 具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,而化合物 1、3、5 具有 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。本文中化合物 1~2 为首次从曲霉属中分离得到,并首次报道具有乙酰胆碱酯酶和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

鹦歌岭土壤来源Streptomyces sp. YG-7的次生代谢产物及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

为了研究原始热带雨林鹦歌岭土壤放线菌（Streptomyces sp.）YG-7的次生代谢产物及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,采用多种柱色谱方法对土壤放线菌YG-7的发酵产物进行分离纯化得到9个化合物,经过波谱数据分析分别鉴定为：(1) 2-acetamido-5-chlorobenzamide, (2) cyclo (L-Pro-L-Leu), (3) 3,6-dibenzylidene-2,5-piperazinedione, (4) albonoursin, (5) (3Z,6S)-3-benzylidene-6-isobutylpiperazine-2,5-dione, (6) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, (7) isophthalic acid, (8) methyl 3-carbamoylbenzoate, (9) 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate. 其中,化合物1、7和8为新天然产物。活性测试结果表明化合物1、3~5和7~8对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有明显的抑制活性。     

Identification and Bioactivity of Compounds from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp.

Racemic new cyclohexenone and cyclopentenone derivatives, (±)-(4R*,5S*,6S*)-3-amino-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) and (±)-(4S*,5S*)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (2), and two new xanthone derivatives 4-chloro-1,5-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (3) and 2,8-dimethoxy-1,6-dimethoxycarbonyl-xanthen-9-one (4), along with one known compound, fischexanthone (5), were isolated from the culture of the mangrove endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. R6. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of their MS (Mass), one and two dimensional NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activities with EC₅₀ values of 8.19 ± 0.15 and 16.09 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. In comparison to Triadimefon, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited inhibitory activities against Fusarium graminearum with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 215.52 and 107.14 μM, respectively, and compound 3 exhibited antifungal activity against Calletotrichum musae with MIC value of 214.29 μM.     

布氏潜蝇茧蜂和长尾潜蝇茧蜂的触角电位反应

测定了布氏潜蝇茧蜂[Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)]和长尾潜蝇茧蜂[Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)]这2种寄生蜂对寄主植物挥发物中主要的9种化合物的触角电位反应。结果表明:布氏潜蝇茧蜂雌雄成虫均对朱栾倍半萜反应最大,并且均对石竹烯反应最小。长尾潜蝇茧蜂雌虫对α-法呢烯反应最大,对柠檬烯反应最小;雄虫对反-2-癸烯醛反应最大,对β-紫罗兰酮和石竹烯反应最小。     

Identification and Bioactivity of Compounds from the Fungus Penicillium sp. CYE-87 Isolated from a Marine Tunicate

In the course of our continuous interest in identifying bioactive compounds from marine microbes, we have investigated a tunicate-derived fungus, Penicillium sp. CYE-87. A new compound with the 1,4-diazepane skeleton, terretrione D (2), together with the known compounds, methyl-2-([2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl)acetate (1), tryptamine (3), indole-3-carbaldehyde (4), 3,6-diisobutylpyrazin-2(1H)-one (5) and terretrione C (6), were isolated from Penicillium sp. CYE-87. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectral analysis, including 1D (¹H, ¹³C) and 2D (COSY, multiplicity edited-HSQC and HMBC) NMR and HRESIMS, as well as comparison of their NMR data with those in the literature. The compounds were evaluated for their antimigratory activity against the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and their antiproliferation activity against HeLa cells. Compounds 2 and 6 showed significant antimigratory activity against MDA-MB-231, as well as antifungal activity against C. albicans.