中国獐牙菜属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

獐牙菜属植物归属于龙胆科,我国分布有80种。该属植物富含酮类、黄酮类、环烯醚萜类及三萜类等化学成分,同时具有降血糖、保肝、抗癌、抗炎、抗病毒等药理作用。本文总结了中国獐牙菜属植物在资源分布、化学成分和药理作用等方面的研究成果,以期为该属植物进一步的研究和开发提供依据。     

贵州被子植物5个新记录属

基于野外调查和文献研究,本文报道了贵州省被子植物5个新记录属,分别为千屈菜科的水苋菜属（Ammannia）、莎草科的克拉莎属（Cladium）、唇形科的簇序草属（Craniotome）、水鳖科的水鳖属（Hydrocharis）及玄参科的毛蕊花属（Verbascum）。相应的新记录种为水苋菜（Ammannia baccifera）、克拉莎（Cladium jamaicence subsp. chinense）、簇序草（Craniotome furcata）、水鳖（Hydrocharis dubia）和毛蕊花（Verbascum thapsus）。凭证标本存放于贵州大学自然博物馆植物标本室（GACP）。     

伽蓝菜属植物的栽培和园林应用

介绍景天科伽蓝菜属多肉植物的形态特征、生长习性、栽培管理、主要品种和园林应用,为该属植物在园林绿化中的应用推广提供科学依据。     

诸葛菜与芸薹属属间杂交亲和性研究

诸葛菜与芸薹属属间杂交存在高度的不亲和,很难得到杂种。芸薹属植物的不同种、同一种不同品种与 诸葛菜亲和力不同。F1 种子的产生不仅与亲本的基因型有关,而且与杂交的组配方式有关。以芸薹属做母本的杂 交亲和性高于以诸葛菜做母本的组合的杂交亲和性。授粉子房离体培养能够提高属间杂交种产生的频率。F1 植 株的形态大多数偏向母本。     

稻属和假稻属植物外稃表面乳突结构的研究

 用扫描电镜对稻属植物21个种和假稻属植物2个种的外稃表面乳突作了观察。根据乳突的形态特征，将乳突分为6类，即双峰乳突、多向双峰乳突、瘤峰乳突、四峰乳突、凹痕乳突和假稻属的嵌硅双峰乳突。根据双峰距、垭深、距/深比和峰角度等性状，将双峰乳突分为锐型和钝型的两种类型。对乳突特征与稻种分类的关系以及稃毛的变态问题进行了讨论。     

中国苎麻属植物野生种考察报告

１９８４－１９９４年对苎麻属植物主要分布了广西、云南等１０省（区）的部分山区进行苎麻属植物野生种考察，共收集到苎麻属１７种７变种１５７份材料，其中活体保存于本所搜集圃有１６种７变种１２３份。考察发现广西新记录种５种，云南新记录种１种，湖南新记录种２种；首次发现茎花苎麻与滇黔苎订、茎共麻和水苎麻的中间类型材料，收集到一批种内新变型材料，从而充实了苎麻属植物的特征特性。对咱群的生长习性、繁衍生死特点及     

中国松塔牛肝菌属,假黑伞属和黑伞属的新记录种

记述在海南岛发现的中国松塔牛肝菌属、假黑伞属和黑伞属的新记录种角鳞松塔牛肝菌(Strobilomyces foveatus Corner.)、黄褐球盖菇(Stropharia coronilla Bull.)和卷鳞灰黑菇(Agricus meleagris J.Schaeffer),以及我国未详细报道的疣鳞松塔牛肝菌(Strobilomyces nigricans Berk.)和刺疣松塔牛肝菌(S.confusus、Sing.)的形态。     

木槿属植物种的形态分类学研究

研究了木槿属、木槿属Ｆｕｒｉｃｉａ组及９个主要物种的生物学特性和主要形态特性，并根据花颜色、包片、叶形、萼片等对１２个物种进行了形态分类，为这些野生资源的开发和利用提供科学依据和基础资料。     

苎麻属分类学问题的探讨

《中国麻类作物栽培学》等著作和一些论文中有关国产苎麻属植物分类存在一些分歧，本文分析了分歧产生的原因，并对《中国麻类作物栽培学》中苎麻属分类学问题进行了探讨。     

甘蔗属起源及其与近缘属进化关系研究进展

阐述了甘蔗起源、进化、分子遗传学在甘蔗与其近缘属的进化关系研究上的应用,回答了甘蔗的起源中心、甘蔗属及其近缘属之间的进化关系,以及当前如何利用细胞学手段和分子标记技术,从微观分子的角度来研究和分析其遗传多样性、生活史进化等生态和进化问题,最后对其发展前景进行了简要的探讨。     

Biodiversity of the genus Cladophialophora

Cladophialophora is a genus of black yeast-like fungi comprising a number of clinically highly significant species in addition to environmental taxa. The genus has previously been characterized by branched chains of ellipsoidal to fusiform conidia. However, this character was shown to have evolved several times independently in the order Chaetothyriales. On the basis of a multigene phylogeny (nucLSU, nucSSU, RPB1), most of the species of Cladophialophora (including its generic type C. carrionii) belong to a monophyletic group comprising two main clades (carrionii- and bantiana-clades). The genus includes species causing chromoblastomycosis and other skin infections, as well as disseminated and cerebral infections, often in immunocompetent individuals. In the present study, multilocus phylogenetic analyses were combined to a morphological study to characterize phenetically similar Cladophialophora strains. Sequences of the ITS region, partial Translation Elongation Factor 1-α and β-Tubulin genes were analysed for a set of 48 strains. Four novel species were discovered, originating from soft drinks, alkylbenzene-polluted soil, and infected patients. Membership of the both carrionii and bantiana clades might be indicative of potential virulence to humans.Taxonomic novelties: Cladophialophora samoënsis Badali, de Hoog & Padhye, sp. nov., Cladophialophora subtilis Badali & de Hoog, sp. nov., Cladophialophora mycetomatis Badali, de Hoog & Bonifaz, sp. nov., Cladophialophora immunda Badali, Satow, Prenafeta-Boldú, Padhye & de Hoog, sp. nov.     

番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒研究进展

从番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒成员及分布、蓟马传毒机制、病毒基因组结构与功能、病毒血清组划分和寄主抗性方面,综述了国内外最新研究进展.     

Phylogeny and systematics of the genus Calonectria

Species of Calonectria are important plant pathogens, several of which have a worldwide distribution. Contemporary taxonomic studies on these fungi have chiefly relied on DNA sequence comparisons of the β-tubulin gene region. Despite many new species being described, there has been no phylogenetic synthesis for the group since the last monographic study almost a decade ago. In the present study, the identity of a large collection of Calonectria isolates from various geographic regions was determined using morphological and DNA sequence comparisons. This resulted in the discovery of seven new species; Ca. densa, Ca. eucalypti, Ca. humicola, Ca. orientalis, Ca. pini, Ca. pseudoscoparia and Ca. sulawesiensis, bringing the total number of currently accepted Calonectria species to 68. A multigene phylogeny was subsequently constructed for all available Calonectria spp., employing seven gene regions, namely actin, β-tubulin, calmodulin, histone H3, the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal RNA, 28S large subunit RNA gene and translation elongation 1-alpha. Based on these data 13 phylogenetic groups could be distinguished within the genus Calonectria that correlated with morphological features. Dichotomous and synoptic keys to all Calonectria spp. currently recognised are also provided.Taxonomic novelties: New combinations - Calonectria angustata (Crous & El-Gholl) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. australiensis (Crous & H.D. Hyde) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf.& Crous, Ca. canadensis (J.C. Kang, Crous & C.L. Schoch) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. chinensis (Crous) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. citri (H.S. Fawc. & Klotz) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. curvata (Boedijn & Reitsma) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. curvispora (Crous & D. Victor) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. ecuadoriae (Crous& M.J. Wingf.) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. gordoniae (Leahy, T.S. Schub. & El-Gholl) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Calonectria hawksworthii (Peerally) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Calonectria hurae (Crous) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Calonectria indonesiae (Crous) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. leucothoës (El-Gholl, Leahy & T.S. Schub.) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. malesiana (Crous) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. multiphialidica (Crous, Simoneau & Risède) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. pacifica (J.C. Kang, Crous & C.L. Schoch) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. penicilloides (Tubaki) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. sumatrensis (Crous) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous. New species - Ca. densa L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. eucalypti L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. humicola L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. orientalis L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. pini L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. pseudoscoparia L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, Ca. sulawesiensis L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous.     

江西苎麻业发展现状及前景分析

1　前言苎麻起源于中国 ,素有“中国草”之称 ,具有纤维长、拉力强、吸湿性好、散热快、绝缘、防菌保健等特性 ,是天然纺织纤维之珍品。它可以与棉、毛、丝、化纤等混纺交织 ,弥补以上纤维性能的不足。以其为原料制成的服装 ,具有“粗犷而不失典雅、挺括而不失轻盈”的风格。其纺织品是我国出口创汇的重要物资 ,在国际贸易中价格比棉织品高出两倍 ,经济效益好。在“崇尚自然、返朴归真”的衣着新时尚和“舒适、大方、保健”消费新理念正风靡全球的今天 ,其市场前景极为广阔。因此 ,作为全国主产麻区之一的江西 ,应把苎麻产业化经营作为江西…     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity from algae of the genus Caulerpa

Marine natural products have been the focus of discovery for new products of chemical and pharmacological interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanolic (ME), acetate (AE), hexanic (HE) and chloroform (CE) extracts obtained from Caulerpa mexicana, and ME, CE and HE obtained from Caulerpa sertularioides. These marine algae are found all over the world, mainly in tropical regions. Models such as the writhing test, the hot plate test and formalin-induced nociception test were used to evaluate antinociceptive activity in laboratory mice. In the writhing test, all the extracts were administered orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg, and induced high peripheral antinociceptive activity, with a reduction in the nociception induced by acetic acid above 65%. In the hot plate test, treatment with extracts from C. sertularioides (100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly increase the latency of response, although the ME, AE and HE from C. mexicana showed activity in this model. This result suggests that these extracts exhibit antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, it was observed that ME, AE and HE obtained from C. mexicana reduced the effects of formalin in both phases. On the other hand only CE from C. sertularioides induced significant inhibition of the nociceptive response in the first phase. To better assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to test Caulerpa spp. extracts on cell migration into the peritoneal cavity. In this assay, all extracts evaluated were able to significantly inhibit leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in comparison with carrageenan. These data demonstrate that extracts from Caulerpa species elicit pronounced antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity against several nociception models. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify the active principles present in the Caulerpa species.     

Natural product chemistry of gorgonian corals of genus Junceella--part II

The structures, names, bioactivities, and references of 81 new secondary metabolites obtained from gorgonian corals belonging to the genus Junceella are described in this review. All compounds mentioned in this review were obtained from sea whip gorgonian corals Junceella fragilis and Junceella juncea, collected from the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific Ocean.     

Investigations on carotenoids in fungi IV. Members of the Boletus genus

The author investigated the presence of various carotenoids in the 7 members of theBoletus genus by means of column and thin-layer chromatography.There are qualitative and quantitative differences in the carotenoid content of various species of theBoletus genus.

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Auszug Der Autor untersuchte das Vorkommen verschiedener Carotinoide bei 7 Vertretern der Röhrenpilze (GenusBoletus) mittels Säulen- und Dünnschicht-Chromatographie.Im Carotinoidgehalt bestehen qualitative und quantitative Unterschiede bei den verschiedenen Arten des GenusBoletus.

     

利用SSR分子标记研究花生属种间亲缘关系

以5份花生栽培种资源和花生属六个区组的19份野生种资源为研究材料，通过SSR分子标记技术分析其DNA多态性并进行聚类分析。大多数从栽培种基因组分离出的SSR引物能在野生种中扩增出DNA片段，共筛选出21对多态性SSR引物；每对引物在花生基因组中扩增出的条带数为1～13条，在供试材料中扩增出的总条带数为5～40条，平均18.1条，其中多态性条带为4～40条，平均18.0条；SSR引物的多态性指数为0.92～9.04；供试材料间的遗传距离为0.33～0.91，平均0.76。结果表明，大多数花生SSR引物为多位点引物，花生属种间种质存在丰富的DNA多态性， A. duranensis是花生栽培种（A. hypogaea L.）的野生种亲本之一，与花生区组野生种亲缘关系最近的是异形花区组，最远的是大根区组。