Differential expression of microRNA-206 in skeletal muscle of female Piedmontese and Friesian cattle

The double-muscle phenotype is an inherited condition in Piedmontese cattle traced to a point mutation in the myostatin gene. To investigate the potential role of muscle-specific miRNAs in determining muscle development in cattle, this study examined the patterns of expression of microRNAs (miRNA-1) and miRNA-206 in Piedmontese and Friesian cattle according to phenotype and sex. There were no significant differences in miRNA-1 expression between different muscle phenotypes, sexes or breeds, whereas there was significantly higher expression of miRNA-206 in female Piedmontese compared with female Friesian cattle.     

荷斯坦牛新遗传缺陷单倍型HH7分子筛查

HH7(Holstein Haplotype 7)是在荷斯坦牛群中新发现的一种隐性遗传缺陷单倍型,由27号染色体上CENPU基因4个碱基缺失突变引起,隐性基因纯合时能引起胚胎早期流产,严重影响着奶牛养殖者的经济效益.本研究利用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP法)对随机抽取的166头荷斯坦公牛样本进行了检测分析,结果...     

BMY牛与婆罗门牛的毛色遗传

为了解BMY牛和婆罗门牛的毛色遗传,本文分析了BMY牛和婆罗门牛的生产资料,以期在BMY牛新品系的经济性状达到稳定遗传的同时,也达到毛色的相对固定。BMY牛和婆罗门牛的红色、黑色和灰色所占比例分别为31.55%、16.04%、14.98%和44.03%、0、11.19%。BMY牛3个毛色个体的比例占群体的62.57%,这暗示着还存在很大的选择潜力。基于毛色的遗传基础,推测BMY牛红毛和灰毛两个品系将快于黑毛品系育成。另外,我们也认为尽管毛色标志着品种的基本特征,但也不能一味强调对毛色的选种选配,而应更注重于经济性状的选择与提高。     

Familial allergic rhinitis in cattle

A group of Angus X Holstein cattle were determined to have allergic rhinitis. Clinical signs included nasal discharge, tearing, sneezing, and nasal pruritus. The diagnosis was made on the basis of intradermal skin testing of affected and clinically normal cattle. The affected cattle had positive test results to various tree, grass, weed, and mold allergens. The clinical signs and seasonal occurrence were similar to those features for allergic rhinitis in man. Breeding data indicated an inherited mode of transmission, although only females were affected.     

The inheritance of ocular colobomata in Charolais cattle

The examination of approximately 800 pure bred and cross bred Charolais cattle indicated that ocular colobomata is inherited via an autosomal dominant gene in this breed. Penetrance was found to be complete in the male and partial (52 per cent) in the female. Inheritance in the crossbred animals was different to that in the pure bred.     

Inherited progressive spinal myelinopathy in Murray Grey cattle

In a breeding experiment conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of progressive spinal myelinopathy, semen from a Murray Grey bull which had previously sired affected calves was used to inseminate 120 cows. Female progeny were then inseminated with semen from the same bull. Of the 51 calves born, six (11.8%) had spinal cord lesions consistent with progressive spinal myelinopathy. From analysis of pedigrees and the results of the breeding experiment it was concluded that the condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive condition in Murray Grey cattle.     

奶牛凝血因子Ⅺ缺乏症研究进展

荷斯坦牛凝血因子Ⅺ缺陷症（FactorⅪdeficiency）是一种常染色体单基因控制的隐性遗传疾病。部分患病牛繁殖性能异常,如屡配不孕、发情周期不稳定、卵泡直径小、排卵前血液中雌激素含量峰值降低、卵泡发育不完善和黄体溶解缓慢等,易患乳房炎、子宫炎和肺炎等,产犊率和犊牛存活率降低。本文综述了该遗传疾病的流行性、致病机理及分子诊断方法。     

A triad of bovine inherited diseases (abstract)

Three inherited diseases of cattle seen in the past 2 years were described. Familial acantholysis of Angus cattle was seen in 9/54 calves born to cows inadvertently mated to a full sibling bull. Sloughing skin from the joints, nose and palate were seen at 1 day of age, confirmed as suprabasilar clefts on histopathology. A 2-year-old Charolais steer was noted at ante-mortem slaughter inspection with a whole body tremor and nystagmus. Histopathologically, eosinophilic plaques expanded white matter throughout the brain, consistent with a syndrome of 'progressive ataxia' of Charolais cattle. Two calves born from Red Devon cattle had marked hyperkeratosis, microtia and periocular reddening with deep fissuring of the keratin, characteristic of congenital ichthyosis.     

Association analysis between bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus and milk production traits in dairy cattle

Bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus (BCSE) is characterized in cattle by a symmetrical antero-medial rotation and protrusion of the eyeballs. This eye defect is caused by an inherited, centrally insufficient function of the eye muscles recti laterales and retractores. In German Brown cattle a monogenic, autosomal dominant inheritance proved to be most probable in complex segregation analysis. In our study running between October 1993 and May 1995 a total of 200 affected German Brown cows was studied. The investigation of the association between milk production traits and BCSE was based on 10,960 German Brown cows. The analysis revealed no significant differences between affected and non-affected cows, nor between cow families with and without affected members. There was no indication of an association between milk production traits and occurrence of BCSE within cow families. Linkage or pleiotropy of the BCSE locus with quantitative trait loci for milk production traits may be rather unlikely.     

First confirmed case of the bovine brachyspina syndrome in Canada

Brachyspina syndrome is a congenital inherited lethal defect in Holstein cattle. Although cases have previously been reported from Europe, the first confirmed North American case is reported herein. This case was genetically related to the European cases, but pedigree analysis indicates that the founder may be more remote than previously expected.     

Calcium diacylglycerol guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI) gene mutations in a thrombopathic Simmental calf

Simmental thrombopathia is an inherited platelet disorder that closely resembles the platelet disorders described in Basset Hounds and Eskimo Spitz dogs. Recently, two different mutations in the gene encoding calcium diacylglycerol guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI) were described to be associated with the Basset Hound and Spitz thrombopathia disorders, and a third distinct mutation was identified in CalDAG-GEFI in thrombopathic Landseers of European Continental Type. The gene encoding CalDAG-GEFI was sequenced using DNA obtained from normal cattle and from a thrombopathic calf studied in Canada. The affected calf was found to have a nucleotide change (c.701 T>C), which would result in the substitution of a proline for a leucine within structurally conserved region two (SCR2) of the catalytic domain of the protein. This change is likely responsible for the thrombopathic phenotype observed in Simmental cattle and underscores the critical nature of this signal transduction protein in platelets.     

中国荷斯坦牛凝血因子XI缺陷症遗传分析

凝血因子XI缺陷症（FactorXIdenciency）是荷斯坦牛的一种常染色体单基因控制的隐性遗传缺陷。该病的遗传基础是由位于牛第27号染色体的凝血因子XI基因外显子12上发生的一段76bp序列插入。本研究采用PCR方法对我国13个主要公牛站的571头荷斯坦公牛的凝血因子XI基因进行了全面检测,未发现隐性有害基因携带者和纯合个体。     

Identification of an allotypic IgA in cattle serum

Alloimmunization of cattle revealed a polymorphism carried on a serum antigen displayed beta-electrophoretic mobility. A genetic test indicated that the antigen is inherited in a Mendelian manner, as product of a dominant allele at an autosomal locus. By immunochemical investigation the allotypic determinant was found to be located on IgA: there were in fact no differences between the peptidic map of the molecule carrying the allotypic determinant and that of IgA from positive sera. Moreover the peptidic map of IgA from sera lacking of the allotype resulted lacking of an anodic peptide, thus suggesting that the polymorphism is indeed due to such a peptide.     

Congenital defects of the bovine central nervous system

Congenital brain defects in cattle are usually obvious at birth, but detection may depend on the nature and extent of the defect. The cause may be genetic or environmental, or the cause may be unknown. Many central nervous system defects are inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait and may have a significant economic impact on purebred and commercial cattle operations. A common structural defect of genetic nature is internal hydrocephalus. A functional defect of simple autosomal recessive inheritance is bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy. The most significant teratogenic agents causing central nervous system defects are prenatal viral infections such as bovine virus diarrhea and bluetongue viruses. Many other defects of the central nervous system are reviewed.     

Evidence for quantitative trait locus for conformation traits on chromosome 19 in beef cattle

A total of 110 F₁ crossbred individuals of Piemontese × Chianina cattle and 75 F₂ intercross were genotyped for the DNA marker IDVGA-46, composed of an (AC) repeat, that showed a polymorphism of three alleles: 205, 207 and 229 base pairs. Association of marker polymorphism to beef conformation measures was tested with a linear mixed model which included the fixed effect of the marker genotype separated according to the origin of the allele: whether inherited from Piemontese or from Chianina and random additive genetic effect of the animals. Carriers of allele 205, when inherited from Chainina, were larger than carriers of 207 and showed a globally better body structure. No significant association was found in the animals that had inherited the alleles from Piemontese. It would be interesting to verify, in the chromosome portions flanking the mentioned marker (chromosome 19; q16 band), the existence of eventual coding sequences influencing growth and conformation.     

阿拉善蒙古牛的种质资源保护与产业发展建议

阿拉善牛是蒙古牛的一个重要群体,作为我国北方地区的优良肉牛品种之一,具有乳肉役兼备的特点,适应干旱寒冷的气候,适合荒漠化草原和沙漠放牧等优异特性,主要分布在腾格里沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠和乌兰布和沙漠湖泊湿地及其周边地区,现存栏约3.3万余头,是我国宝贵的肉牛遗传资源。但是阿拉善蒙古牛存在长期近亲繁殖,群体内的遗传变异越来越窄的趋势,加之本身生长速度缓慢、体型小等不足,未来可使阿拉善蒙古牛品种资源不断枯竭。为了保护阿拉善蒙古牛等蒙古牛群体的优异特性和种质资源,本文综述了阿拉善蒙古牛的体貌特征、数量分布以及对阿拉善蒙古牛种质资源的保护措施和产业发展建议。     

Myophosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease Type V) in a herd of Charolais cattle in New Zealand: confirmation by PCR-RFLP testing

AIM: To describe a disease of muscle in Charolais calves and confirm the putative diagnosis of inherited myophosphorylase deficiency. METHODS: Variously stained paraffin sections of muscle prepared from affected calves were used to describe the lesions. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test was developed and applied to affected calves, their sires, dams and other individuals. RESULTS: The lesions were those of rhabdomyolysis of skeletal muscles and sub-sarcolemmal spaces in normal fibres. The PCRRFLP test confirmed the expected mutation for phosphorylase deficiency of Charolais cattle in two affected calves. In addition, sires, dams and other closely-related individuals of four affected calves tested as heterozygous for the mutation. Other apparently unrelated animals also tested as heterozygous. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of myophosphorylase deficiency was confirmed. The PCR-RFLP test is suitable for use in controlling this recessively-inherited disorder as it can diagnose heterozygous individuals that are otherwise clinically normal.