矿山迹地植被恢复树种选择技术研究

在矿山迹地上引种30多种阔叶树种,营造植被恢复试验林,通过生长比较,找出海南红豆、海南蒲桃等树种为适生树种。     

油页岩废渣场人工林下植被自然入侵情况分析

2000年在广东茂名郊区油页岩废渣场上引种30多种阔叶树种,经过5年生长后,不同树种林下植被自然入侵情况有明显的不同,以翅荚决明林下植被的种类最丰富,覆盖率最高,海南红豆、海南蒲桃、土沉香等树种林下植被的覆盖率也很高,是理想的矿山迹地植被恢复树种。同时,也总结出林下植物入侵的先锋种为飞机草、日本草、牛筋草等。     

海南红豆等五种阔叶树种在矿山迹地生长情况比较

在矿山迹地上引种红胶木、海南红豆、土沉香、水蒲桃、仪花5种阔叶树种,营造植被恢复试验林,通过生长比较,找出了红胶木、海南红豆、土沉香为适生树种。     

矿山迹地人工种植攀枝花苏铁试验简报

本文报道了在矿山迹地进行植被恢复特别是进行攀枝花苏铁恢复的技术操作.在矿山迹地进行大坑客土大苗造林,林草地表覆盖抗旱,优先恢复植被,再逐年恢复攀枝花苏铁,是矿山迹地攀枝花苏铁人工群落恢复的可行办法.     

17个阔叶树种在退化马尾松林的早期生长表现

对东莞莲花山自然保护区退化马尾松林林分2002年种植的17个3年生阔叶树种的树高、胸径以及冠幅进行测量和分析.结果表明,各个树种之间树高、胸径和冠幅生长均存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).除红荷、桃花心木、仪花、格木和马占相思以外,其余12个树种树高与胸径生长表现出显著正相关(P＜0.05 ).综合树高、胸径和冠幅3个指标对17个阔叶树种的生长数据进行聚类分析,桃花心木、火力楠、铁冬青、尖叶杜英和仪花生长较慢;枫香、格木、红锥、米老排、樟树、木荷、木棉和南洋楹生长速度中等;红荷和黧蒴生长较快;千年桐和马占相思生长迅速.总体而言,试验的1 7个阔叶树种对退化马尾松林的景观恢复取得一定成效.     

坂头林场三个树种生物防火林带的生长调查

指出了生物防火林带是森林防火工作的一项基础设施,选择了木荷、火力楠、海南蒲桃3个树种进行防火林带造林试验,结果表明：木荷、火力楠、海南蒲桃3个树种的造林成活率都较高,均达到90％以上,造林保存率也达到75％以上,海南蒲桃生长从幼苗开始就一直表现很好,生长迅速。火力楠树干圆满通直,树冠宽大,侧根发达;木荷在干旱、贫瘠的环境下表现仍然很好,适应性强,能较快形成隔离带。说明在防火林带建设中木荷、火力楠、海南蒲桃3个树种均有应用前景。     

海岛困难立地抗旱措施对不同树种生长的影响

在舟山泗礁岛的松材线虫病危害迹地,通过完全随机区组设计研究了覆草、保水剂、覆草+保水剂3种抗旱保墒措施对舟山新木姜子(Neolitsea sericea)、全缘冬青(Ilex integra)、红楠(Machilus thunbergii)和石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)4树种容器苗造林保存率和生长的影响.结果表明:覆草、施用保水剂和覆草+保水剂3种蓄水保墒措施均能有效提高苗木生长量,其中以施用保水剂+覆草的效果最好,但不同处理对各树种的保存率没有显著影响;不同树种的苗高和地径生长幅度为:全缘冬青＞石栎＞红楠＞舟山新木姜子,保存率为:舟山新木姜子＞石栎＞全缘冬青＞红楠,通过隶属函数评价,供试树种适应能力为:舟山新木姜子＞全缘冬青＞石栎＞红楠.综合分析表明,在海岛困难立地植被恢复与重建过程中,可以优先选择覆草+保水剂保墒措施,应用舟山海岛地带性植被的优势树种的优质苗木进行造林.     

17个阔叶树种在退化马尾松林的早期生长表现

对东莞莲花山自然保护区退化马尾松林林分2002年种植的17个3年生阔叶树种的树高、胸径以及冠幅进行测量和分析。结果表明,各个树种之间树高、胸径和冠幅生长均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。除红荷、桃花心木、仪花、格木和马占相思以外,其余12个树种树高与胸径生长表现出显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合树高、胸径和冠幅3个指标对17个阔叶树种的生长数据进行聚类分析,桃花心木、火力楠、铁冬青、尖叶杜英和仪花生长较慢;枫香、格木、红锥、米老排、樟树、木荷、木棉和南洋楹生长速度中等;红荷和黧蒴生长较快;千年桐和马占相思生长迅速。总体而言,试验的17个阔叶树种对退化马尾松林的景观恢复取得一定成效。     

高岭土矿迹地适生树种筛选试验初报

通过适生树种筛选试验,发现大叶相思为最适宜在高岭土矿迹地种植的树种,其各项生长指标均优于其他所选树种。黄花风铃、紫荆、菜豆树、木棉、大叶紫薇、阴香为较适宜种植品种,可与大叶相思进行混交种植。黄槐、铁冬青、幌伞枫、马拉巴栗、小叶榄仁可作为补充种植品种。     

17个阔叶树种在退化马尾松林的早期生长表现

对东莞莲花山自然保护区退化马尾松林林分2002年种植的17个3年生阔叶树种的树高、胸径以及冠幅进行测量和分析。结果表明，各个树种之间树高、胸径和冠幅生长均存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）。除红荷、桃花心木、仪花、格木和马占相思以外，其余12个树种树高与胸径生长表现出显著正相关（P〈0．05）。综合树高、胸径和冠幅3个指标对17个阔叶树种的生长数据进行聚类分析，桃花心木、火力楠、铁冬青、尖叶杜英和仪花生长较慢；枫香、格木、红锥、米老排、樟树、木荷、木棉和南洋楹生长速度中等；红荷和黧蒴生长较快；千年桐和马占相思生长迅速。总体而言。试验的17个阔叶树种对退化马尾松林的景观恢复取得一定成效。     

茂名森林公园9种阔叶树种5年生长比较

通过引种9种阔叶树种种植比较试验,试验结果表明马占相思、大叶相思、海南红豆、海南蒲桃在该地方生长速度较大,是该地区营造生态林的优势树种。     

林分间隙形成后季节性干旱的娑罗双树原始林物种多样性及苗木再生(英文)

本文调查了尼泊尔季节性干旱的娑罗双树原始林两种生态位(间隙和全郁闭)下树种多样性及苗木再生情况,并对物种多样性指标和苗木再生属性与林分间隙特征进行了相关性分析。结果表明,间隙生态位下乔木和灌木立木度高于全郁闭。间隙生态位下娑罗双树和榄仁树的幼苗密度也高于全郁闭,但是油榄仁和海南蒲桃的比较结果恰好相反。在幼苗层物种多样性指标(complement of Simpson index,Evenness index,and species-individual ratio)在间隙生态位要低于全郁闭条件。间隙大小能够解释物种丰富度和物种建立速率。多年多样伐木形成的林分间隙下娑罗双树幼苗密度要高于同一年内单一或多样伐木。结论:林分间隙的物种多样性通过增加幼苗密度来维持,并且适于娑罗双树再生。此外,林分间隙的其它属性也会影响物种多样性和苗木再生。     

东莞生态公益林改造树种的早期生长季节节律及其与气候条件的关系

对东莞板岭生态公益林林分改造所用的55个树种的基径和树高生长量按季节进行调查,为期2年,结果显示：春分～秋分是这些树种的生长峰期.对大多数树种而言,温度对生长量的影响最大,其次是降水、日照时数,春分～夏至期间的水热条件最适宜树木的生长.进一步分析发现猫尾木、吊瓜木、楠木、云南石梓、米老排、香椿、阴香对水热条件较敏感,红锥、密花树、蓝花楹、竹节树、樟树、火力楠、西南荷、格木对水热条件的适应性较强;猫尾木、吊瓜木、云南石梓、石梓、乌墨、木波罗、扁桃性喜高温多雨,生长最高峰出现在夏至～秋分;肖蒲桃、格木、木波罗、乌墨、华杜英受日照时数的影响较大,密花树、猴欢喜、长叶竹柏、蓝花楹、竹节树、扁桃受日照时数的影响较小.这对植物引种和树种选择有一定的指导意义.     

Tropical dendrochronology applied to invasive tree species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The Atlantic Forest is one of the largest and most biodiverse rainforests of South America but anthropogenic activities are drastically changing these landscapes.The invasion of alien or exotic species is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity.There are few studies of invasive species in tropical Brazilian ecosystems.This research examines growth and ecological aspects of Syzygium cumini and Clitoria fairchildiana,two invasive tree species in the Pedra Branca State Park,an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil.Both species were successfully dated,indicating an average age of 58 and 31 years,respectively.A positive relationship between growth and precipitation of the previous growing season suggests an ecological adaptive strategy,which could be facilitating their invasion into the environment.Cumulative growth diameter curves indicate slow and fast growth rates for S.cumini and C.fairchildiana,respectively.Growth release episodes detected in the tree rings indicate increased anthropogenic disturbances over the last 50 years.     

26种乡土树种苗木生长规律及育苗技术的系统研究

通过对省沽油科圆齿野鸦椿、壳斗科8种、木兰科2种、冬青科2种、山茶科4种、蔷微科2种、桃金娘科的赤楠、八角科的莽草、槭树科的五裂槭、交让木科1种、金缕梅科3种等26种亚热带乡土树种的种子预处理、种子主要播种品质参数测定、对苗木的苗高、地径、主根长、大于5cmI级侧根数、根幅、冠幅、鲜叶重、鲜干枝重、鲜根重的测定,以及对苗木物候、苗木生长节律进行研究,从而得出上述树种的较为系统的育苗技术。     

Pure and mixed forest plantations with native species of the dry tropics of Costa Rica: a comparison of growth and productivity

In Costa Rica, most reforestation trials with native species were established in the tropical humid regions. In the dry tropics, research on the performance of native species in forest plantations is incipient and trials comparing pure and mixed designs are limited. This paper presents the results of two experimental plantations with native trees in pure and mixed plots in the dry tropics of Costa Rica. The growth and productivity of 13 native species in pure and mixed plantations was compared with Tectona grandis (L.f.) Lam., an exotic species broadly used in the region. In a plantation of relatively slower growing species, measurements taken at 68 months of age resulted in Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merril. and Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. demonstrating the best growth, followed by Astronium graveolens Jacq. and Swietenia macrophylla King. Measurements in a plantation of relatively faster growing species, at 68 months of age, showed that growth of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake was greatest in the pure and mixed plots, followed by Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud., Anarcadium excelsum (Bert. & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels and Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms. The native species grew better in the mixed plots. The pure plots of T. grandis (L.f.) Lam. were the most productive, compared to all species and the mixture of species. Plantations of T. grandis (L.f.) Lam. seem to be well adapted to the region and are certainly a commercially interesting alternative. Nevertheless, mixed plantations with native species would contribute more to sustainable management, because while single-species plantations do not provide a great range of goods and services when compared to the natural forest, mixed plantations are likely to increase this range of benefits.     

Antibacterial activity of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum leaf essential oils

The leaf essential oils of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium travancoricum were tested for their antibacterial property. The activity of S. cumini essential oil was found to be good, while that of S. travancoricum was moderate.     

9种阔叶树种生长初步评价

通过引种9种阔叶树种植比较试验,结果表明马占相思、大叶相思、海南红豆、海南蒲桃在茂名森林公园生长速度较快,是该地区营造生态景观林的优势树种。     

武汉市城区古树后续资源调查与分析

经调查发现:武汉市城区古树后续资源有890株,分属30科47属61种,其优势种类与城区现有的古树优势种类相近,相同树种有樟树、珊瑚朴、朴树、桂花、女贞、银杏、枫杨、榔榆、三角枫、悬铃木等10个,但其乡土树种所占的数量比例下降明显;这些古树后续资源主要集中分布在武昌区,尤其是在东湖一带,在其它城区的古树后续资源分布十分零散。武汉市城区古树后续资源的生长状况总体上生长良好,但遭受白蚁的危害较为严重,占其数量比例的15·2%,有必要开展古树后续资源的白蚁防治工作。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in different forest tree species of Hazarikhil forest of Chittagong, Bangladesh

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and AM fungal spores were studied in the roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia catechu (L.f). Wild., A. mangium Willd, Anthocephala cadamba Miq., Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb., Chickrassia tabularis A. Juss., Swietenia macrophylla King., Tectona grandis L. from plantations; Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth., A. falcataria L., Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker., Hydnocarpus kurzii (King.) Warb., Heynea trijuga Roxb., Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Messua ferrea Linn., Podocarpus nerifolia Don., Swintonia floribunda Griff., Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.) DC., S. grandis (Wt.) Wal. from forest and nursery seedlings of A. polystachya, A. chaplasha, Gmelina arborea Roxb. and S. cuminii (L.) Skeels from Hazarikhil forest, Chittagong of Bangladesh. Roots were stained in aniline blue and rhizosphere soils were assessed by wet sieving and decanting methods. The range of AM colonization varied significantly from 10%-73% in the plantations samples. Maximum colonization was observed in A. mangium (73%) and minimum colonization was observed in C. tabularis (10%). Vesicular colonization was recorded 15%-67% in five plantation tree species. The highest was in A. cadamba (67%) and the lowest was in T. grandis; A. chaplasha and C. tabularis showed no vesicular colonization. Arbuscular colonization was recorded 12%-60% in four plantation tree species. The highest was in A. mangium (60%) and the lowest was in A. cadamba. Roots of Artocarpus chaplasha, C. tabularis and T. grandis showed no arbuscular colonization. Among 12 forest tree species, nine tree species showed AM colonization. The highest was in A. falcataria (62%) and the lowest was in S. fruticosum (10%). Significant variation in vesicular colonization was recorded in seven forest tree species. The highest was in H. trijuga (52%) and the lowest was in L. speciosa (18%). Hydnocarpus kurzii, M. ferrea, P. nerifolia S. fruticosum and S. grandis showed no vesicular colonization. Arbuscular colonization was recorded in seven forest tree species. The highest was in A. falcataria (60%) and the lowest was in A. procera (10%). All the nursery seedlings showed AM colonization and the range was 10%-73%. Vesicules were recorded in G. arborea (40%) and S. cumini (40%). Arbuscular colonization was recorded in G. arborea (100%) and S. cumini (100%). Spore population was recorded 77-432/100 g dry soils, 80-276/100 g dry soils, and 75-153/100g dry soils in plantation, forest and nursery, respectively. Glomus and Acaulospora were dominant genera among the six AM fungi recorded. Significantly positive correlation was observed between AM colonization and AM fungal spore population in Hazarikhil plantation tree species, forest tree species and nursery tree seedlings. The present study showed the biodiversity of root colonization and AM fungi are active in nutrient cycling, survivals and seedling establishment of the plants in the Hazarikhil forest, plantation and nursery.