生长因子FGF10转基因本氏烟草植株的获得及其表达分析

成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)具有非常重要的科研和医疗价值,但其目前有限产量难以满足市场需要,而植物生物反应器能为解决这一问题提供切实可行的途径。本研究构建了由组成型强启动子CaMV 35S驱动且人工修饰的FGF10基因植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法将其导入本氏烟草基因组中,利用筛选标记基因Bar进行草铵膦抗性筛选,获得413个抗性株。经PCR检测鉴定,其中398株为转基因阳性,阳性率为96.4%。通过RT-PCR和ELISA检测分析,最终筛选得到5株高表达转基因后代,其目的蛋白表达量占可溶性总蛋白的0.1%以上,表达量最高的达到0.24%,意味着利用植物生物反应器表达平台生产FGF10蛋白的可行性。这些结果表明,通过该高通量遗传转化平台可以获得具有市场应用潜力的烟草转基因种质资源,并为后续FGF10蛋白相关产品的开发提供了支撑。     

水稻种子表达人源性胰岛素样生长因子1基因

人源性胰岛素样生长因子1(hIGF-1)是一类在许多人类疾病治疗中都具有重要作用的细胞因子.本研究成功构建了以水稻种子高效表达的谷蛋白Gti基因5.3kb启动子引导hIGF-1基因(higf-1)的表达载体:pCAMBIA 1301-5.3kbGt1-higf-1-nos.在此基础上,将构建好的表达载体,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化水稻,获得转基因植株.通过对转基因水稻植株叶片总DNA的PCR检测,初步确定表达载体的T-DNA区段已经成功整合入水稻基因组中.目的基因RT-PCR检测结果显示,higf-1在转基因水稻种子中能够正常转录.开展本试验为利用水稻及其他单子叶植物表达IGF-1研究奠定了基础.     

适于植物转基因体系优化的绿色荧光蛋白表达载体构建及其瞬时表达验证

在建立和优化植物的转基因体系时,通常期望转化载体同时具有适用植株范围广、尺寸较小、具有多重选择标记或报告基因等优点。为此,通过Gateway技术,构建了含有绿色荧光蛋白基因GFP的植物表达载体pGWB14-GFP,并经PCR鉴定和测序验证了序列的准确性。利用基因枪转化法,将该载体转入洋葱表皮和小麦叶片中,通过荧光显微镜检测,发现绿色荧光蛋白在洋葱表皮细胞和小麦叶片表皮细胞中均能瞬时表达,表明pGWB14-GFP在双子叶和单子叶植物中都能正常发挥功能。本载体在双子叶和单子叶植物植物中都可使用,大小低于17 kb,含有GFP报告基因,具有两套卡那霉素和潮霉素选择标记基因,用于在细菌和植物中筛选,为植物转基因体系的构建和优化提供了功能强大的转化载体。     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因植物表达载体的构建

为进一步开展转基因研究创造条件,用限制性内切酶将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)基因从pMD/GO载体上切下,定向连接到植物表达载体pROKⅡ的CaMV35S启动子下游和NOS终止子上游,成功地构建了GOD基因植物表达载体pROK/GO。利用冻融法将此表达载体导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,提取转化质粒,经PCR和酶切鉴定表明,GOD基因植物表达双元载体构建成功。     

紫苏溶血磷脂酰转移酶基因PfLPAAT的克隆及功能研究

溶血磷脂酰转移酶(Lysophosphatidicacidacyltransferase,LPAAT)是植物甘油三酯生物合成的关键酶,通过研究紫苏LPAAT基因(PfLPAAT)在油脂积累过程中的功能,为揭示植物油脂积累的分子机制提供参考。本研究利用RT-PCR法获得PfLPAAT,采用生物信息学方法分析PfLPAAT的推定蛋白的基本理化性质、跨膜结构域和亚细胞定位等,并进行同源蛋白的系统发育分析。使用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法对PfLPAAT在紫苏不同组织及种子不同发育时期的表达水平进行了分析。构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA1303-PfLPAAT,通过花序侵染法转化拟南芥,并对转基因拟南芥种子的含油量及脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明PfLPAAT序列长度为1149 bp,编码382个氨基酸,推定蛋白的理论等电点为9.60,分子质量为43.02kD。生物信息学分析表明,PfLPAAT蛋白在内质网行使功能,属于PLN02380超家族。qRT-PCR表明, PfLPAAT在紫苏的各组织中均有表达,其中在叶片和开花后15 d的种子中达到最高水平。与野生型拟南芥相比,转基因拟南芥...     

敖汉细毛羊BMP4基因质粒的构建及在成纤维细胞中表达量的研究

旨在构建敖汉细毛羊BMP4基因的质粒及转染成纤维细胞后研究基因表达量的变化。以30日龄的敖汉细毛羊胚胎为研究对象。首先,通过RNA的提取反转录成cDNA参照GenBank中BMP4基因序列信息设计1对引物,通过PCR反应扩增获得BMP4基因片段、将得到的BMP4基因连接到pEASYTM-T1载体,构建pEASYTM-T1-BMP4重组质粒并转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α感受态细胞提取质粒进行酶切鉴定。鉴定正确后构建pcDNA3.1-BMP4重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α感受态细胞;其次对敖汉细毛羊的成纤维细胞进行分离培养,并将重组pcDNA3.1-BMP4表达载体转染成纤维细胞,后检测BMP4基因在mRNA和蛋白水平上表达量的变化。结果显示:pcDNA3.1-BMP4构建成功后转染成纤维细胞BMP4基因的mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著上升,且转染组的表达量极显著地高于对照组(P0.01)。成功构建了敖汉细毛羊BMP4基因的质粒,并且成功转染成纤维细胞,基因在细胞中过表达,结果可为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。     

应用RNA沉默技术获取抗黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和烟草花叶病毒(TMV)转基因烟草

RNA沉默是迄今最为有效的抗病毒策略,利用该策略不但能获得免疫转基因植株,且所得植株不易与其他病毒基因重组或异源包壳、生物安全性较高。将本实验室已构建的携带有烟草花叶病毒(TMV)部分移动蛋白基因(ΔMP)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)部分复制酶基因(ΔRep)反向重复结构的植物表达载体pBIN438-MP-Rep(i/r),用农杆菌浸润法转化普通烟草品种K326,共得196株转化植株,经卡那霉素筛选和PCR检测发现128株为阳性转基因株;PCR-Southern和RT-PCR分析表明外源基因已整合到烟草基因组并在转录水平上得到表达;ELISA结果显示20.3%的转基因植株对CMV和TMV复合侵染表现免疫性。本结果为利用RNA沉默技术进行植物抗多种病毒育种提供重要数据,为防治其他多种病毒复合侵染提供借鉴。     

重组人表皮生长因子基因遗传转化烟草研究

将携带内质网滞留信号肽SEKDEL编码序列的重组人表皮生长因子基因（hEGF）克隆到植物表达载体中构建植物表达载体pSH-hEGFS,通过冻融法将pSH-hEGFS转化到根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,以烟草无菌苗叶盘为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,经抗生素抗性筛选获得抗性植株,通过GUS组织化学染色分析、PCR检测以及RT-PCR分析,证明重组人表皮生长因子基因已整合到烟草基因组中并已表达,间接法ELISA检测结果表明转基因烟草中重组人表皮生长因子表达量最高达叶片总可溶蛋白的0.003%。     

pCB-zeolin-GFP表达载体的构建及瞬时表达

为利用荧光蛋白基因GFP检测外源基因在转基因植株中的表达和定位,构建含有GFP基因的植物表达载体pCB-zeolin-GFP。在目的基因的开放阅读框（ORF）两端设计引物,并引入酶切位点和保护碱基,用PCR方法从pDHA扩增得到zeolin基因的全长,克隆到中间载体pMD18-T,分别用NcoⅠ和BglⅡ2种限制性内切酶酶切重组质粒和经过改良的pCAMBIAI1302植物表达载体,经回收、连接、转化、鉴定后,利用基因枪转化法将重组载体转入洋葱表皮细胞,通过共聚焦显微镜检测绿色荧光蛋白在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬时表达。构建了zeolin基因与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）融合的植物表达载体pCB-zeolin-GFP,并在洋葱中得到了表达。构建的融合植物表达载体pCB-zeolin-GFP正确,该载体的成功构建为今后进行基因转移、基因功能研究及培育新品种奠定了基础。     

转TLR4基因的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞系的建立

为了通过脂质体介导的方法获得高效表达目的基因TLR4的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞作为供体细胞,以便在胚胎移植前的体外筛选过程中,确定优越的转基因供体细胞,从而提高体细胞核移植生产抗病转基因绵羊的效率。本研究通过优化脂质体与质粒载体的比例浓度,进而再去转染原代培养的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418筛选,以EGFP(Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein )作为报告基因,从形态学与分子水平鉴定出已经稳定表达目的基因：Toll样受体4(Toll Like Receptor4,TLR4)基因的细胞系。最终经过筛选与纯化得到3个表达目的基因TLR4的细胞克隆,经RT-PCR与相对荧光定量PCR分析,在第二代转染的细胞中TLR4的表达最高,相对于未转染的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞升高了9.65倍(P<0.01),并藉此为最终制备抗病转基因羊新品种,从提供稳定表达TLR4基因的转基因供体细胞系角度奠定基础。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.