泰妙菌素等防治山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

通过山羊传染胸膜肺炎预防和治疗试验,结果表明,泰妙菌素和红霉素具有预防作用,环丙沙星和四环素增重明显(P<0.05),泰妙菌素和红霉素增重非常显著(P<0.01)。     

山羊支原体(PG-3)体外药敏试验

本试验测定了环丙沙星,氧氟沙星,单诺沙星,红霉素,罗红霉素,泰勒菌素,泰妙菌素,四环素等8种药物对山羊肺炎支原体PG-3株体外抑菌浓度以及环丙沙星与四环素、红霉素PG-3的联合药物作用。山羊支原体的单向药敏试验结果表明红霉素单药抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.078ug/mL,效果最好。联合药敏试验结果表明红霉素和四环素、环丙沙星联合作用均呈相加作用,环丙沙星和四环素为无关作用。     

山羊支原体（PG-3）体外药敏试验

本试验测定了环丙沙星，氧氟沙星，单诺沙星，红霉素，罗红霉素，泰勒菌素，泰妙茵素，四环素等8种药物对山羊肺炎支原体PG—3株体外抑茵浓度以及环丙沙星与四环素、红霉素PG—3的联合药物作用。山羊支原体的单向药敏试验结果表明红霉素单药抑菌浓度(MIC)为0．078ug／mL，效果最好。联合药敏试验结果表明红霉素和四环素、环丙沙星联合作用均呈相加作用，环丙沙星和四环素为无关作用。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎支原体和绵羊肺炎支原体对抗菌药物敏感性的研究

测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y-98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-98的联合药敏作用.结果表明,这8种抗菌药物对Y-goat和Y-98的MIC(μg/mL)分别为:环丙沙星0.223、0.002 23,氧氟沙星0.281、0.014 0,单诺沙星0.136、0.014 0,红霉素0.021 8、无效,罗红霉素0.032 7、无效,泰乐菌素0.042 2、0.039 0,泰妙菌素0.021 7、0.052 0,四环素0.195、0.052 0.红霉素与氧氟沙星的联合药敏指数为1,是相加作用;红霉素与泰乐菌素对Y-goat的联合药敏指数为1.5,是无关作用;四环素与氧氟沙星、泰乐菌素对Y-98的联合药敏试验指数均为0.375,是协同作用.     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的药物防治试验

武陵山区有大面积草山草坡和有利于牧草生长的气候条件,以山羊为主的草食畜牧业已经成为振兴武陵山区农业和农村经济的主导产业.然而在武陵山区,山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的发生呈日益上升之势,极大地伤害了养殖户的积极性.通过山羊传染性胸膜肺炎病例的体内预防试验和治疗试验,以及用4种药物对自然病例和人工病例做治疗及增重试验,来选择治疗效果显著、增重非常明显的药物和组方,为生产上预防和控制该病提供方案,为兽医临床科学合理地用药提供科学依据.     

羊支原体性肺炎两标准株对抗菌药物敏感性的研究

本实验测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰勒菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y98的联合药敏作用。对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株对抗菌药物的敏感性进行了分析。     

羊支原体性肺炎两标准株对抗菌药物敏感性的研究

本实验测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰勒菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y98的联合药敏作用。对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株对抗菌药物的敏感性进行了分析。     

猪肺炎支原体体外抗菌药物敏感性试验研究

为了解猪肺炎支原体对抗菌药物的敏感性,采用宏量肉汤稀释法对4株猪肺炎支原体的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值进行了测定。结果表明,猪肺炎支原体对泰妙菌素和环丙沙星最为敏感,MIC≤0．03μg／mL,其次分别为四环素类药物（包括四环素和多西环素）、林可霉素和泰乐菌素,而对氟苯尼考的敏感性则较差。本研究可为猪支原体肺炎的防控以及抗菌药物的合理使用提供参考。     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎应用三组药物治疗的效果比较

本文对比分析了氟苯尼考、泰乐菌素、土霉素3组不同药物治疗羊传染性胸膜肺炎的临床效果。分别对3组病羊采取不同的药物治疗,观察并记录3组病羊的临床症状变化,以及治愈情况、生产性能等。其中使用泰乐菌素治疗羊传染性胸膜肺炎的效果最佳,其治愈率高达90%;氟苯尼考的治疗效果次之,其治愈率为70%;而土霉素的治疗效果较差,仅有50%。证明泰乐菌素对羊传染性胸膜肺炎有着十分显著的治疗效果;氟苯尼考的疗效次之,在临床上,可配合泰乐菌素同时进行治疗;而土霉素对于羊传染性胸膜肺炎的治疗效果不佳。     

徐州地区羊肺炎支原体药敏试验

正为筛选出徐州地区羊支原体肺炎的敏感药物,测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、替米考星、红霉素、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、泰妙菌素、氟苯尼考等9种药物对支原体肺炎的作用,结果表明阿奇霉素、氟苯尼考高度药物敏感,泰妙菌素药物中度敏感,其它药物不敏感。本研究为徐州地区羊支原体性肺炎临床用药提供参考。羊支原体性肺炎(Mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep and goats,MPSG)是由支原体所引起的一种高度接触性传染病,其临床特征为咳嗽、高热、渐进性消瘦,肺、胸和     

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida recovered from cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 421 Pasteurella haemolytica and 158 P. multocida isolates recovered from cattle with respiratory disease were determined with a microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration test system. Isolates were analyzed for patterns of resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin. All isolates tested were found susceptible to ceftiofur and sulfachlorpyridazine. Pasteurella haemolytica isolates were resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin. Pasteurella multocida isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine, tetracycline, and tylosin.     

Longitudinal on-farm study of the development of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli from pigs before and after danofloxacin and tylosin treatments

Effects of danofloxacin or consecutive fluoroquinolone and macrolide treatments on resistance development in Campylobacter have remained uncharacterised. Therefore we analysed the development of resistance in porcine Campylobacter coli before and after danofloxacin and tylosin treatments at a farrowing farm. Danofloxacin-treated (n=12, group A) and control pigs (n=15, group B) were subsequently treated with tylosin and sampled longitudinally. C. coli were isolated and susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were assessed, isolates were genotyped with PFGE and resistance-related mutations were identified. Isolates from the danofloxacin-treated pigs had more frequently non-wild type MICs (above the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF)) for ciprofloxacin (P<0.001) and erythromycin (P<0.05) than those isolated before danofloxacin or those from the controls. Subsequent tylosin treatment increased proportion of isolates with non-wild type MICs for erythromycin in both groups A and B (P<0.01) and, interestingly, proportion of isolates with non-wild type MICs for ciprofloxacin in group B (P<0.001) with high MICs (128 μg/ml). PFGE analysis revealed treatments selecting predominant genotypes with variable resistance patterns and decreasing initial diversity of genotypes. The most common genotype had mainly high MICs for ciprofloxacin among danofloxacin-treated pigs but wild type MICs (below the ECOFF) among the controls housed in the same pens. This suggests that the non-wild type isolate was rarely transmitted or outcompeting wild type genotype in the control pigs without selection pressure. Isolates exhibiting non-wild type MICs for ciprofloxacin harboured the C257T (Thr-86-Ile) mutation in the gyrA gene. In conclusion, a high dose of danofloxacin used at the farm did not prevent emergence of isolates with high MICs for ciprofloxacin. After subsequent tylosin treatment isolates had even higher MICs for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin than before the treatment. Therefore, controlled use of antimicrobials in food animal production is essential.     

Susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from different sources to tetracycline, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents

Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and the macrolide, tylosin, are extensively used for growth promotion and disease prophylaxis in the cattle and swine industries in the US. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of cattle and swine, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections in these animals. A broth microdilution technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 48 A. pyogenes isolates to macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines. The MIC50 and MIC90 for chlortetracycline were 0.12 and 8 mg/l, respectively. Similarly, the MIC50 and MIC90 for oxytetracycline were 0.25 and 8 mg/l, while the MIC50 and MIC90 for tetracycline were 0.25 and 16 mg/l, respectively. The MIC50 and the MIC90 were < or = 0.06 and >64 mg/l, respectively, for erythromycin, tylosin and clindamycin. This resistance pattern indicated that some of these A. pyogenes isolates may carry an MLS(B) resistance determinant. A. pyogenes isolates (12.5%) were resistant to erythromycin, and this percentage doubled when MICs were performed following induction with erythromycin. Of the 48 A. pyogenes isolates, 25 and 41.7% were resistant to MLS(B) antimicrobial agents and the tetracycline derivatives, respectively. MLS(B) resistance was present in 22.2 and 35.3% of A. pyogenes isolates of bovine (n=27) or porcine (n=17) origin. In contrast, 70.6% of porcine isolates were resistant to the tetracyclines, compared with 25.9% of bovine isolates. These data suggest that a large proportion of A. pyogenes field isolates may be resistant to these commonly used antimicrobial agents.     

广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药性调查研究

为调查广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus pseudintermedius)的携带和耐药情况,从小动物临床采集皮肤、耳部和鼻腔等部位的样品,分离鉴定伪中间型葡萄球菌,并采用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法对伪中间型葡萄球菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测,采用PCR方法检测mecA基因。结果表明,从898个样品中共分离到144株伪中间型葡萄球菌,检出率为16.0%,皮肤、耳部和鼻腔的伪中间型葡萄球菌检出率分别为20%(64/319)、17.8%(64/359)和7.5%(3/40)。抗菌药物敏感性检测和mecA基因检测结果显示有89株(61.8%)为耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌(MRSP)。伪中间型葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素和四环素的耐药率均在80%以上,对利福平和阿米卡星的耐药率低于8%,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、喹奴普汀/达福普汀和替考拉宁均敏感。大部分(>69%)MRSP对红霉素、克林霉素、泰乐菌素、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等抗菌药物表现耐药。本研究结果表明宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药情况严重且MRSP的检出率高,应高度重视宠物源细菌耐药问题。     

鸡毒支原体敏感药物的筛选

用泰乐菌素、强力霉素、罗红霉素、红霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、双氟沙星、呋喃唑酮、呋喃他酮、泰妙菌素等药物对3株鸡毒支原体进行体外抑菌试验。结果证明，它们对鸡毒支原体均有抑菌作用，但以泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、环丙沙星和双氟沙星抑菌效果最好，达到10^-8g／L。     

In vitro development of resistance to enrofloxacin,erythromycin, tylosin,tiamulin and oxytetracycline in Mycoplasma gallisepticum,Mycoplasma iowae and Mycoplasma synoviae

The in vitro emergence of resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, tiamulin, and oxytetracycline in three avian Mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma iowae was studied. Mutants were selected stepwise and their MICs were determined after 10 passages in subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic. High-level resistance to erythromycin and tylosin developed within 2-6 passages in the three Mycoplasma species. Resistance to enrofloxacin developed more gradually. No resistance to tiamulin or oxytetracycline could be evidenced in M. gallisepticum or M. synoviae after 10 passages whereas, resistant mutants were obtained with M. iowae. Cross-sensitivity tests performed on mutants demonstrated that mycoplasmas made resistant to tylosin were also resistant to erythromycin, whereas mutants made resistant to erythromycin were not always resistant to tylosin. Some M. iowae tiamulin-resistant mutants were also resistant to both macrolide antibiotics. Enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline did not induce any cross-resistance to the other antibiotics tested. These results show that Mycoplasma resistance to macrolides can be quickly selected in vitro, and thus, providing that similar results could be obtained under field conditions, that development of resistance to these antibiotics in vivo might also be a relatively frequent event.     

In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of Mycoplasmas isolated from the bovine genital tract.

The in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 14 mycoplasma and 13 ureaplasma strains isolated from the genital tracts of bulls was examined. It was found that at relatively low concentrations, tetracycline, declomycin and tylosin were lethal to both types of organisms. Lincospectin, berenil, streptomycin and erythromycin were lethal to mycoplasmas but were only inhibitory to the ureaplasma strains at the same concentrations. Polymyxin B and novobiocin were ineffective at the levels tested.     

Antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from cattle in Poland

Campylobacter species are among the most frequently identified bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis. Because Campylobacter spp. harbored by cattle can be transmitted to humans, in this study we investigated antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from cows. Our study included 150 strains of Campylobacter (143 strains of C. jejuni and 7 strains of C. coli) isolated from cows in South-Western Poland. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline were determined using the agar dilution methodology. All strains of C. coli were susceptible to all four drugs studied. The most frequently detected resistance of C. jejuni was to ciprofloxacin (26 strains 18.2%). Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 5 strains (3.5%). All strains of C. jejuni were susceptible to erythromycin and gentamicin.     

鲜牛奶中细菌的分离纯化及其药物敏感性分析

为了解鲜牛奶中细菌的分布情况及其对抗生素的敏感状况,实验对30份采自河北张家口地区某养殖场的新鲜无菌牛奶进行细菌分离鉴定,并分别用青霉素(16μg/ml)、氯霉素(32μg/ml)、克林霉素(4μg/ml)、红霉素(8μg/ml)、四环素(16μg/ml)、庆大霉素(16μg/ml)、环丙沙星(4μg/ml)、头孢噻吩(32μg/m)l进行药敏实验。结果显示30份牛奶样品中共分离得到111株菌,分别为葡萄球菌31株、沙雷氏菌14株、假单胞菌12株、芽孢杆菌11株、肠杆菌5株、不动杆菌4株、奇异变形杆菌3株、微球菌3株、巨球菌3株、肠球菌4株、其它菌21株。其中耐青霉素16μg/ml的为50株,耐氯霉素32μg/ml的为23株,耐克林霉素4μg/ml的为46株,耐红霉素8μg/ml的为37株,耐四环素16μg/ml的为38株,耐庆大霉素16μg/ml的是7株,耐环丙沙星4μg/ml的为8株,耐头孢噻吩32μg/ml的为40株。通过实验可知,细菌类型主要有葡萄球菌、沙雷氏菌、假单胞菌等;8种抗生素中,庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素的抑菌效果较好,而青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩的抑菌效果相对较差。