枣北黄牛现状及其保种选育与开发利用的建议

枣北黄牛是湖北省惟一属中原黄牛类型的地方优良黄牛品种,具有役力强、适应性好的特点.公牛个体较大,毛色纯,头四方,肩峰高,脖子粗短,背腰平,胸宽深;母牛屁股大,性温驯,乳头大而且排列整齐,繁殖力强.在实践中,应采取中心产区建立健全枣北黄牛良种繁育体系,建立枣北黄牛种牛场;选好公牛和核心母牛群;做好选配工作;抓好枣北黄牛产区的饲料基地建设和新技术推广,做好枣北黄牛的保种工作.要通过对枣北黄牛的系统选育、品种改良来提高枣北黄牛的肉用性能;培植养牛大户、专业户,推广科学养牛技术;搞活流通,做好枣北黄牛屠宰后续加工;在开发的基础上做好枣北黄牛的利用工作.     

黄陂黄牛调查报告及发展建议

为了解黄陂黄牛的发展状况,在国家肉牛产业技术体系的支持下,项目组采用系统抽样的方法,对黄陂黄牛进行了调查.结果表明,黄陂黄牛存栏量约25万只,基础母牛占群体比例为51％,成年公母牛体重分别为392 kg和319 kg.与2002年的调查结果相比,各阶段体重均有提高,躯干比例有所增加,体型趋向肉用；对黄陂黄牛的发展提出了一些建议.     

海福特牛改良枣北黄牛的效果分析

为了提高枣北黄牛的生产性能,利用海福特牛冻精改良枣北黄牛,对海福特牛×枣北黄牛(海×枣)F_1代黄牛及枣北黄牛体型外貌、生长发育性状及屠宰性能进行了观测比较。结果表明,海×枣F_1代杂交牛具有较明显的杂种优势,海×枣F_1代牛初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄体重和体尺均明显优于枣北黄牛;24月龄时,海×枣F_1代的宰前重、胴体重、净肉重均极显著高于枣北黄牛(P0.01),屠宰率和净肉率明显高于枣北黄牛。说明海福特牛杂交改良枣北黄牛效果显著,适合在天门地区推广。     

安格斯牛改良枣北黄牛的效果分析

为了提高枣北黄牛的生产性能,利用安格斯牛冻精改良枣北黄牛,试验对安格斯牛×枣北黄牛(安×枣)F1代黄牛及枣北黄牛体型外貌、生长发育性状及屠宰性能进行观测比较。结果表明:安格斯牛与枣北黄牛的杂交F1代牛具有较高的杂种优势;安×枣F1代牛初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄体重和体尺均明显优于枣北黄牛;24月龄时安×枣F1代的宰前重、胴体重均极显著高于枣北黄牛(P0.01),屠宰率和净肉率均明显高于枣北黄牛。说明安格斯牛杂交改良枣北黄牛效果显著,适合在天门地区推广。     

澳洲矮牛改良枣北黄牛研究初报

用澳洲矮牛公牛与枣北黄牛母牛杂交,杂交F1代初生、3月龄和6月龄体重均较澳洲矮牛有所增加,尤其是3月龄体重较澳洲矮牛增加了113.73％.杂交F1代初生、3月龄和6月龄体尺都较澳洲矮牛大,预示其机体更多的肌肉附着量,是作为商品肉牛生产的良好材料.     

湘西黄牛生产性能的研究

分析测定了湘西黄牛公牛258头和母牛625头各不同年龄的体重、生长指数、屠宰性能及母牛的繁殖性能.结果湘西黄牛公牛初生、6、12、18、24、36、48、60月龄的体重分别为15.86、113.7、161.5、183.63、231.43、280.03、323.23、353.25 kg;母牛体重分别为14.16、102.5、152.46、169.04、208.46、250.86、278.44、295.64 kg.成年牛体长指数为113.6,胸围指数为135.9,体躯指数为119.7.未经育肥的公牛和母牛的屠宰率、净肉率、骨肉比分别为45.5%、36.52%、1∶4.45和42.91%、34%、1∶4.6;经育肥的公牛分别为48.9%、38.56%、1∶4.82.母牛初配年龄为24.03月,发情周期21.07 d,妊娠期281.02 d,繁殖率68.21%,成活率95.35%,泌乳期215.5 d.为进一步开发利用湘西黄牛遗传资源提供了基础资料.     

不同杂交组合牛的生长性能测定

试验对巍山境内680头各种杂交组合牛进行了生产性能测定.结果显示:平均初生重,三元杂交牛海西本31.36 kg、婆西本30.50 kg、安西本29.85 kg、BMY西本29.32 kg,二元杂交母牛西本30.21 kg、西西本32.24 kg,本地黄牛13.06 kg;12月龄平均体重,三元杂交牛海西本199.80 kg、婆西本195.50 kg、安西本230.00kg、BMY西本219.60kg,二元杂交母牛西本151.00 kg、西西本158.00kg,本地黄牛56.21kg;平均成年体重,三元杂交牛海西本416.99kg、婆西本406.26kg、安西本415.68kg、BMY西本424.32kg,二元杂交母牛西本405.36kg、西西本411.23 kg,本地黄牛236.70 kg.表明把巍山肉牛改良方向定为引进温带牛、瘤牛冻精与本地牛及其杂交牛进行杂交,可兼顾适应性和生产性能的发挥.     

安格斯牛改良枣北黄牛效果的研究

随着养牛业的发展,役用黄牛的肉用化成为未来发展的一大趋势。为了配合引进安格斯牛胚胎计划的实施,了解胚胎移植安格斯牛对枣北黄牛的改良效果,为以后的进一步开展大规模的杂交改良工作提供实践上的依据,2006年8月1日至20日组成了调查小组,在湖北省安格斯牛场的周边乡镇(即枣北黄牛主产区内)进行了为期20 d的调查和测定,并进行屠宰试验,掌握了胚胎移植安格斯牛改良枣北黄牛效果     

如何做好黄牛后备母牛发情配种工作

1凉山黄牛母牛的性成熟与配种年龄 凉山黄牛大多数性成熟较晚,一般在10～14月龄才达到初情(性成熟)期,性成熟后母牛虽能配种受孕,但母牛生长发育尚未完成,故不宜配种,以免影响母牛本身和胎儿生长发育.因此,适当配种年龄应为14～17月龄以上,发情3～4次以后,体重达到150～200 kg以上,即达到成年母牛体重的70%左右时开始配种.     

云南黄牛的生长发育与繁殖性能调查

云南黄牛的公牛初生、6月龄、1岁、1.5岁、2岁和5岁体重分别为17.40 kg±3.32 kg、107.88 kg±24.65kg、158.57 kg±25.08 kg、223.82 kg±27.99 kg、264.72 kg±27.57 kg和407.50 kg±29.58 kg,母牛相应的体重分别为16.41 kg±2.31 kg、100.10 kg±21.10 kg、146.74 kg±21.90 kg、209.18 kg±19.32 kg、249.32 kg±26.51 kg和356.40 kg±20.14 kg.青年母牛初配年龄为613.67 d±115.53 d,初配体重222.36 kg±38.39 kg,产第一胎年龄925.13 d±116.10d,妊娠期286.50 d±8.51 d;繁殖母牛妊娠期为288.23 d±5.54 d,产犊间隔368.46 d±29.48 d.     

湿态发酵蛋白饲料肉牛育肥试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对肉牛进行饲喂试验可知,肉牛食用8kg该饲料,平均每头牛日增重1.81kg,比对照组高0.26kg;平均屠宰率为57.1%,比对照组高3.8%;平均售价为21.35元/kg,比对照组高1.52元/kg;平均每日比对照组多收益6.1元。试验结果表明,肉牛饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料增重效果好、屠宰率高,经济效益显著提高。     

"肉牛育肥散"饲喂效果初试

粗放饲养条件下，将20头供试牛随机分为两组、每组10头，每10d为一个试验期，试验进行了3期。在试验期内其结果为：试验组肉牛的日增重较对照组分别高14．3％、10．7％和10．7％，有极显著差异。从经济效益分析，试验组肉牛头日增重1435g，纯收入3．83元，对照组头日均增重1285g，纯收入3．12元，试验组高出对照组0．71元。试验表明，按规定数量加入“肉牛育肥散”于精料中，可使肉牛增重加快，提高饲料利用率，降低增重成本，从而提高经济效益。     

陕西省肉牛产业发展现状及建议

根据国家肉牛改良中心和陕西秦宝牧业发展有限公司有关要求,项目组于2010年3月13日~19日对陕西省10个地市肉牛产业发展现状采取普查和重点走访相结合的方式进行了实际调研,结果表明,全省肉牛饲养总量270万头,其中秦川牛约107万头,占全省肉牛存栏的39.6%;肉牛饲养量为64万头,能繁母牛26万头,出栏秦川牛及杂交牛65.07万头;指出了肉牛养殖中存在的问题,提出了有关建议。     

Carcass quality and meat tenderness of Hawaii pasture-finished cattle and Hawaii-originated, mainland feedlot-finished cattle

The objective of this study was to compare the carcass quality and meat tenderness of Hawaii cattle finished on subtropical pasture with those of mainland US feedlot-finished cattle that were shipped from Hawaii after weaning. Rib-eye steak samples were collected from 30 feedlot-finished cattle harvested at a slaughter house in Washington State, USA and from 13 subtropical pasture-finished cattle harvested at a local slaughter house in Hawaii, then shipped to meat science laboratory at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. Samples were aged for 2?weeks at 4°C and frozen for later proximate analysis and meat tenderness measurement. Feedlot-finished cattle had significantly heavier carcass weight (353 vs 290?kg) and thicker backfat (13.5 vs 6.6?mm), but no significant difference was observed in rib-eye area between the two groups. Marbling score (Small) and United States Department of Agriculture quality grade (Choice) of the pasture-finished beef were not significantly (P?相似文献   

固原市肉牛产业发展调研报告

近年来,固原市围绕"一特三高"标准,肉牛养殖规模化水平不断提高,产业区位优势凸显.为全面了解当前固原市肉牛产业发展情况,准确研判肉牛产业发展形势,合理制定肉牛产业发展规划,本文基于走访调研资料,结合肉牛产业发展现状和趋势,总结归纳出固原市肉牛产业发展模式并提出发展建议.     

华亭市肉牛产业发展现状调查

本文通过对华亭市肉牛产业发展现状调查、对取得的成就、存在的问题进行阐述。提出了几点建议,对今后肉牛产业的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

Survey of quality defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls sold through livestock auction markets in the Western United States: I. Incidence rates

A survey was conducted to quantify incidence of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls selling at auction during 2 seasons in 2008. Twenty-three BQA-related traits were evaluated by 9 trained personnel during sales at 10 livestock auction markets in Idaho (n = 5; beef and dairy), California, (n = 4; dairy only), and Utah (n = 1; beef and dairy). Overall, 18,949 unique lots (8,213 beef cows, 1,036 beef bulls, 9,177 dairy cows, and 523 dairy bulls,) consisting of 23,479 animals (9,299 beef cows, 1,091 beef bulls, 12,429 dairy cows, and 660 dairy bulls) were evaluated during 125 sales (64 spring, 61 fall) for dairy and 79 sales (40 spring, 39 fall) for beef. The majority of market beef cows and bulls (60.9 and 71.3%, respectively) were predominantly black-hided, and the Holstein hide pattern was observed in 95.4 and 93.6% of market dairy cows and bulls, respectively. Market cattle weighed 548 ± 103.6 kg (beef cows), 751 ± 176.1 kg (beef bulls), 658 ± 129.7 kg (dairy cows), and 731 ± 150.8 kg (dairy bulls). Most beef cows (79.6%) weighed 455 to 726 kg, and most beef bulls (73.8%) weighed 545 to 954 kg, respectively. Among market beef cattle, 16.0% of cows and 14.5% of bulls weighed less than 455 and 545 kg, respectively, and 63.7% of dairy cows and 81.5% of dairy bulls weighed 545 to 817 kg or 545 to 954 kg, respectively. However, 19.5% of dairy cows and 13.1% of dairy bulls weighed less than 545 kg. Mean BCS for beef cattle (9-point scale) was 4.7 ± 1.2 (cows) and 5.3 ± 0.9 (bulls), and for dairy cattle (5-point scale) was 2.6 ± 0.8 (cows) and 2.9 ± 0.6 (bulls). Some 16.5% of beef cows and 4.1% of beef bulls had a BCS of 1 to 3, whereas 34.8% of dairy cows and 10.4% of dairy bulls had a BCS of 2 or less. Emaciation (beef BCS = 1, dairy BCS = 1.0) or near-emaciation (beef BCS = 2, dairy BCS = 1.5) was observed in 13.3% of dairy cows and 3.9% of beef cows. Among beef cattle, 15.1% of cows and 15.4% of bulls were considered lame. In contrast, 44.7% of dairy cows and 26.1% of dairy bulls were lame. Ocular neoplasia (cancer eye) was observed in only 0.6% of beef cows, 0.3% of beef bulls, 0.3% of dairy cows, and 0.0% of dairy bulls. However, among animals with ocular neoplasia, it was cancerous in 34.4% of beef bulls, 48.0% of dairy cows, and 73.3% of beef cows. In conclusion, numerous quality defects are present in market beef and dairy cattle selling at auction in the Western United States, which could influence their value at auction.     

甘肃陇东肉牛的培育状况及发展措施

本文是在调查甘肃省陇东地区肉牛目前现状的基础上,阐述了养殖品种,规模以及饲养方式和要解决较为突出的育种问题。根据目前我国和我省应立足于本地区现有限的遗传资源,借鉴这些宝贵的经验教训和先进的育种技术,肉牛培育的方向,着重探讨了陇东肉牛培育选育的标准和措施。     

不同肉牛育肥的牛肉产品生产对饲料粮消耗比较分析

在对繁殖母牛、哺乳犊牛和架子牛进行饲养试验及调查的基础上,结合所进行的架子牛育肥试验和犊牛直线育肥试验,参考肉牛饲养标准和已发表的肉牛育肥试验数据,并根据目前我国牛肉产品提供状况和肉用牛育肥的饲料资源情况,分别比较不同肉牛育肥牛肉产品生产所需要的粮食。结果表明,为获得等同重量的肉牛产品,直线育肥技术比后期集中育肥要消耗较少的粮食,而高档牛肉生产（高端肉产品生产）需要消耗更多的饲料粮。     

青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米配比料饲喂西门塔尔肉牛的效果比较

[目的]饲草在肉牛养殖中发挥着重要作用,通过牛体增重对比不同饲草及其配比喂养西门塔尔肉牛效果,以确定较优的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米的配比。[方法]在冬季温室养殖条件下,设计5组配比的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米饲喂西门塔尔肉牛,定期称量牛体增重,并分析各试验组养殖效益。[结果]试验结果显示,青贮甜高粱和全株玉米喂养西门塔尔肉牛总增重量平均达90.95 kg,最小为84.63 kg,日平均增重1.01 kg/d,最小增重0.89 kg/d,平均增重率为38.66%。比较投入和整个试验期收益的稳定性,青贮玉米秸秆30%和青贮甜高粱70%效益较好,平均增重率为40.48%。[结论]青贮玉米和甜高粱秸秆搭配舍饲喂养西门塔尔肉牛都可实现稳定增重,效益优于单独应用。