猪瘟的流行与控制

猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever，CSF or Hog Cholera，HC）是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种高度接触性传染病，被OIE列入A类传染病。早在20世纪50年代，我国便成功的培育出1株免疫原性好又安全的猪瘟兔化弱毒“C”株，它是目前国际上应用最广泛、我国惟一采用的猪瘟疫苗毒株，它的使用有效地控制了猪瘟在我国的急性发生和大流行，     

浅析当前猪瘟的流行特点与防控措施

猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever,CSF）又称猪霍乱（HogCholera,HC）或猪热病（Swine Fever）,是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）所引起的猪的一种高度接触性传染病,传染性强、病死率高,其病变特征为小血管壁的变性,导致内脏器官的多发性出血、坏死和梗死。     

目前猪瘟免疫失败的主要原因及综合防治措施

猪瘟又称经典猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever，CSF），是由猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus，CSFV）引起猪的高度致死性、接触性传染病，是世界粮农组织和各国政府密切关注的主要传染病之一。多年来一直使用兔化弱毒疫苗株免疫，免疫效果一直都很好，但是近些年来，我国猪瘟的流行形势和发病特点已经发生了很大的变化，尤其是妊娠母猪带毒综合征、仔猪胎盘垂直传播及先天免疫耐受，同时还存在其它多种非典型的发病特点。     

猪瘟疫苗的研究进展及ST 细胞苗的研究现状

本文综述了国内外猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever,CSF）疫苗的研究进展,对传统疫苗和新型疫苗进行了概述,重点阐述了ST细胞苗的研究现状,为进一步研究开发猪瘟疫苗,有效控制猪瘟提供参考。     

猪瘟的危害与防制

猪瘟（Hog Cholera,HC）,又称古典猪瘟（Classical Swine Fever,CSF）,是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种高度接触性、传染性、致死性、重要的烈性传染病毒病。19世纪30年代在美国大规模发生,并于1810年首先报道HC,目前本病呈世界性分布。猪瘟在我国流行也有70多年的历史,我们已坚持半个多世纪以免疫预防为主的防制策略,猪瘟的急性发生和大面积流行已经得到有效的控制,     

国内猪瘟流行现状及防治(一)

猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever,CSF)又称猪霍乱或烂肠瘟,是猪的一种急性、高度接触性、发热性、出血性和致死性传染病。欧洲为区别"非欧猪瘟"(非洲猪瘟)而将其统称为"古典猪瘟"[1]。该病由黄病毒科瘟病毒属猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起。     

猪瘟活疫苗的田间免疫效果试验

猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever,CSF)是由黄病毒科瘟病毒属的猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起的一种烈性传染病,因其致死率高、危害严重,而受到各养猪国家的高度重     

三个厂家猪瘟活疫苗免疫效果比较

<正>猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起的一种高度接触性热性传染病,有很高的传染性和致死性,猪瘟无特效治疗药物,一旦发生便会对养殖场造成毁灭性的损失,最有效的防治方法就是疫苗的免疫接种。由于长期贯彻预防为主的指导思想,坚持广泛接种猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗的防治措施,该病在我国已经得到有效控制,大规模的暴发流行基本停止。目前,市场上猪瘟疫苗(传代细胞源)应用广泛,     

如何正确选择与使用猪瘟活疫苗

正猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病,每年给我国养殖业造成巨大损失。目前,我国猪瘟的防控仍以疫苗预防为主。2017年起河南省猪瘟疫苗免疫政策由政府发放改为先免后补,养殖户可自由选择商品化疫苗,目前市场上猪瘟疫苗种类繁多,怎样选择与使用猪瘟疫苗,成为广大养殖户面对的重要问题。本文就目前市售兔源与细胞源疫苗特点及使用方法作一论述,为养殖户选择猪瘟疫苗提供参考。猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever,CSF),是由黄病毒     

上虞区猪瘟免疫抗体水平检测及效果评估

猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever,CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起的一种烈性传染病,该病传染性强、致死率高、危害大,给养殖户带来了严重的经济损失。目前我国预防和控制CSF的主要手段为疫苗接种,但CSF在我国并未完全清除,仍呈现散发态势。上虞区的养殖规模多样,CSF防控形式复杂,是绍兴市CSF防控的重点区域。通过对上虞区的CSF抗体进行监测,掌握上虞区CSF抗体免疫水平,可以有效指导当地的CSF防控工作,对防止上虞区CSF的流行有重要意义。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.