香榧新品种‘玉山鱼榧’的选育

‘玉山鱼榧’是从磐安县野生榧树古树中选育出的新品种,母树为实生起源古树,通过无性繁殖培育子代。该品种种实、种核比当前香榧主栽品种‘细榧’大,种核表面有2~6只榧眼,成熟期较迟。种实长倒卵状椭圆形,假种皮维管束直或扭曲,平均单个鲜质量10.8 g,纵径3.74 cm,横径2.28 cm,种形指数1.65,假种皮厚0.35 cm,鲜出核率36.39%,干出核率67.15%;种核平均单个鲜质量3.9 g,纵径3.37 cm,横径1.49 cm,核形指数2.28,壳厚0.08 cm,干核出仁率66.55%;种仁平均单个干质量1.6 g,脂肪含量48.6%,总糖含量0.83%,蛋白质含量18.02%,品质佳,商品性能优良。在浙江磐安开花期4月中旬,成熟期第二年9月中旬,种实发育期17个月,树势强,结果早,丰产,稳产,经济寿命长。幼苗和幼树喜阴湿,怕高温干旱和强日照,开始结实后又需要有充足的阳光,根系耐湿性差,怕积水。采用SSR分子标记对‘玉山鱼榧’的遗传鉴定表明,‘玉山鱼榧’与‘细榧’在DNA水平上存在明显的差别。‘玉山鱼榧’适宜在浙江省香榧产区栽培,其栽培技术要求与‘细榧’相同。     

香榧新品种磐甜榧的选育

磐甜榧是从浙江省磐安县野生榧树古树中选出的香榧新品种。种实较小，平均单实鲜重6.7 g，干重2.3 g，倒卵球形。假种皮较薄，厚度仅0.25 cm，平均鲜出核率达40.24%，干出核率达71.80%。种核较小，单核平均鲜重2.7 g，干重1.7 g；表面有明显隆起的棱，榧眼2只，干核出仁率达67.48%。种仁较小，单仁平均干重1.1 g，甜味浓，脂肪含量50.7%，可溶性糖含量6.43%，蛋白质含量13.1%；炒制后风味又甜又香，品质佳。嫁接苗生长快，结果早，较丰产。     

香榧良种‘朱岩榧’的选育

‘朱岩榧’母树为实生起源古树,通过无性繁殖培育子代。该品种种实长椭圆形,假种皮维管束直或扭曲,假种皮厚0.35 cm,骨质中种皮最厚部分0.75 mm;鲜单实质量12 g,种形指数1.70,鲜核质量3.45 g,核形指数2.46,鲜出核率28.10%。种核表面有2～4只榧眼,3眼比例达20%。出仁率61.8%,种仁含油率48.9%。采用SSR分子标记对‘朱岩榧’遗传鉴定的结果表明‘,朱岩榧’与‘细榧’在DNA水平上存在明显差别。流式细胞仪测定其为四倍体。冠幅8 m的‘朱岩榧’植株,株产鲜种实可以稳定超过100 kg,树势旺盛,丰产,稳产,经济寿命长;适宜在浙江省及相似环境栽培。     

榧树种质资源调查与评价

榧树(Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl)种子是我国特有的著名干果,为了对榧树种质资源进行有效保护和开发利用,采用实地调查、采集标本、室内烤种、成分分析等方法,对浙江、安徽、江西、福建等榧树分布区的种质资源进行了系统研究。结果表明,榧树资源分布不均,仅少数地方资源保存较好;榧树种内性状变异复杂,不同单株间种子的单粒质量、种核单粒质量、出核率、核形指数及营养成分等变异大,存在一些综合性状优良、品质达到或超过香榧的优株;将香榧和榧树中的优良株系、类型分归于7个主要品种和类型。在榧树中应主要收集一些种子具有综合优良性状、特殊性状和有潜在利用价值的单株;香榧则重点在于收集种子高产、稳产、优质和具特殊性状的优株,对古树及古树群也应加以保护。     

甜加糯玉米‘五彩甜糯2号’

‘五彩甜糯2号’是以申W93为母本、wh-2为父本组配出的五彩甜加糯玉米。‘五彩甜糯2号’上海地区春播生育期85.5 d,株高217.4 cm,穗位高度85.8 cm,株形半紧凑,植株总叶片20片。穗形为筒形,果穗长18.7 cm,粗5.0 cm,穗行数14.3,行粒数38.6粒,穗轴白色。鲜百粒质量36.2 g,鲜出籽率66%,皮渣率10.3%,支链淀粉占总淀粉含量98.75%,品质优。鲜穗平均产量14 084.3 kg·hm^-2。高抗大斑病、小斑病、矮花叶病、纹枯病、茎腐病和南方锈病。     

扁桃新品种天扁一号的选育

天扁一号是我们2003年从扁桃品种蒙特瑞株变中选出的扁桃新品种。果实长扁圆形或扁圆柱形,平均单果重20.6g,果实褐绿色;果皮厚0.45cm,成熟果皮开裂较浅,部分不开裂;平均单核重6.32g,核浅黄色,核尖渐尖,壳厚0.80mm;单仁平均鲜重2.49g、干重1.72g,风味香,少有甜味,品质上等;出鲜仁率48.63%,出干仁率58.70%,抗寒;在甘肃省天水市,果实9月中旬成熟,果实发育期151天左右。2007年12月通过甘肃省天水市科技局品种鉴定。     

山核桃新品种‘宁国山核桃1号’

‘宁国山核桃1号’是从安徽省宁国市山核桃实生群体中选育出的抗病性新品种。平均坚果质量5.11 g，横径3.29 cm，纵径3.38 cm，鲜出籽率32.2%；种仁含脂肪65.9%，粗蛋白7.84 mg • g-1，油酸73.1 mg • g-1。坚果产量2 545.5 kg • hm-2，抗旱，耐瘠薄，抗溃疡病性强。     

甜玉米新品种‘沪雪甜1号’

‘沪雪甜1号’是以N378为母本、N521为父本组配而成的白色甜玉米新品种。株形平展,株高222.0 cm,穗位高74.0 cm。果穗长筒形,穗长19.6 cm,穗粗4.8 cm,平均穗行数18。籽粒紧密饱满,皮渣率14.7%,水溶性总糖22.5%,还原糖7.4%,百粒鲜质量38.5 g,平均产量13 080 kg·hm^-2。     

优质抗病枣新品种‘元氏1号’

 ‘元氏1号’是从河北省太行山‘婆枣’产区选育出的抗枣缩果病、裂果病的优良枣新品种。果实圆柱形,平均单果质量13.7 g,鲜枣可溶性固形物30.7%,最高可达34%,可滴定酸0.64%,酸甜适口,鲜干兼用。果实有核,核内种仁饱满,含仁率91%。在河北省太行山枣区10月中旬成熟,丰产稳产,抗缩果病、裂果病,适于在河北省太行山枣区及其他枣适生区栽培。     

菜用大豆新品种‘浙农3号’

‘浙农3号’菜用大豆是以‘台湾75’为母本,‘9712’为父本杂交后采用系谱法育成的新品种。中早熟品种,株形紧凑,有限结荚习性,单株结荚20 ~ 25个,三粒荚比例30%左右;鲜荚绿色、微弯镰形;荚长6.2 cm,荚宽1.4 cm;百荚鲜质量300.4 g,百粒鲜质量83.8 g,产量约9 000 kg ? hm-2;春季从出苗到采收90 d左右,保鲜和速冻加工兼用。适合浙江省及气候相似地区春播大、中、小棚覆盖或露地栽培。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.