特禽养殖概况、问题与对策

特禽养殖概况、问题与对策■周世朗（四川省温江农业学校６１１１３０）一、特禽养殖概况近１０多年来，我国特禽养殖业发展很快，全国已有两千多家特禽饲养场，而小规模的家庭养殖就更多了。广东省是我国发展特禽业最早、最快、最多的省，目前全省饲养各种特禽达６０００...     

6类特禽养殖合乎国际市场需要

我国特禽养殖业发展较快,如能进一步打入国际市场,提高市场占有率,则更有利于特禽养殖业的发展。据有关方面提供的信息,部分特禽商品在国际市场上的动态是:     

我国特禽养殖业发展中面临的问题与对策

特禽是指处于驯化或半驯化状态、具有一定经济价值的野生禽类。包括特禽在内的野生动物资源开发,已被农业部确定为我国今后食品资源开发的重要领域之一。特禽养殖业作为畜牧业生产的有益补充,将对产业结构调整和丰富人民的物质文化生活发挥重要作用,其发展前景广阔。但特禽多由野生驯化而来,其野性较强,还不能完全适应人工饲养的环境条件,生产与繁殖性能较低,商品生产周期长、成本高,使特禽养殖具有不同与家禽生产的特点。特禽养殖业的发展和提高是产业的主流,但在现实生产中存在着在许多急待解决的问题,需引起业界同仁的关注,并予以研究解决,以保证其健康稳定的发展。     

对发展特禽养殖失败原因的分析

对发展特禽养殖失败原因的分析钱存来（江苏省姜堰市多种经营管理局２２５５００）　陈宏明（江苏省扬州市畜牧兽医站２２５０００）　　特禽养殖业作为一门新兴的养殖业，具有很强的生命力和发展前景。然而，特禽养殖业的发展也是一波三折，一部分养殖单位和个人尝到了甜...     

饲料价格回落 奶牛业得以休养生息

特禽养殖业虽然未列入国民经济发展计划中,但目前已被各级政府当作带领群众脱贫致富奔小康的途径之一,被广泛确认为养殖业投资的热门项目.从整体上看特禽养殖业目前呈持续发展的态势.     

特禽养殖的科学投资

1 选择符合自身条件的特禽饲养品种随着特禽养殖业的发展，特禽的品种越来越多，选择符合自身条件的特禽是养殖业成功的第一步。所谓自身条件包括种源技术、场地、资金、人员、饲料、水电、交通、销售等多方面因素。科学养殖信息的掌握和了解固然很重要，但要避免盲目地听信宣传、广告和承诺。就我国特禽养殖在目前市场经济条件下尚不存在一定能完全盈利的特禽养殖品种，任何人也不能完全保证饲养何种特禽盈利，即使短期高效益的特禽品种，也不可能长期（3～5年）保证盈利。所以，欲想使特禽养殖取得好的效益必须根据自身条件踏踏实实、长期…     

新世纪中国特禽养殖将有新机遇

近年来，由于受多方特养因素的影响，我国的特禽养殖业开始初露锋芒，产销市场异常火爆，其原因是，做为特禽的山鸡、鹧鸪、孔雀、大雁等具有野味浓郁、肉鲜味美、高蛋白、低脂肪并含有人体所需的多种氨基酸的特点。另外，随着中国加入世贸组织的步伐渐近，也无疑为特禽养殖带来了好消息。据专家分析认为，在新世纪中国特禽养殖业将有三大机遇：一、中国特禽养殖业在国际市场上有较大的竞争优势，劳动密集形的管理方式使成本优势表现明显，因国际市场劳动力成本高，其深加工成本不具备价格优势，而我国有着丰富的劳力资源，副加工成本较低，…     

我国特禽业发展趋势及对策

特禽养殖业虽然未列入国民经济发展计划中,但目前已被各级政府当作带领群众脱贫致富奔小康的途径之一,被广泛确认为养殖业投资的热门项目.从整体上看特禽养殖业目前呈持续发展的态势.     

特种珍禽的发展趋势及对策

特禽养殖业虽然未列入国民经济发展计划中,但目前已被一些地区当作带领群众脱贫致富的途径之一,被广泛确认为养殖业投资的热门项目。从整体上看,特禽养殖业目前呈持续发展的态势。     

特禽市场行情看好

我国特禽市场走势明显好转，价格上扬，终于走出低谷困境，特禽养殖业将全面回升。     

规模养猪场粪便和污水治理模式的调查与思考

随着畜牧业和畜禽规模化养殖迅速发展,粪便和污水对农村环境造成的影响越来越大,粪便资源化利用及污水的有效治理问题日益受到社会关注。畜禽养殖污水尤其以规模养猪场、养牛场治理难度较大,为摸清养猪场粪便利用、污水治理现状,探索可行的治理方式,笔者对辽宁省内一些规模养猪场进行了专题调研和分析,提出了一些治理和发展建议。     

单宁的营养特性及其在反刍动物生产上的应用

单宁是一种存在于植物中结构比较复杂的多元酚类化合物,单宁有特殊的化学结构以及在畜禽生产中存在特殊抗营养性。除此之外,单宁还具有保护过瘤胃蛋白,减少畜禽甲烷产量等优势。本文梳理和阐述了目前有关单宁的结构、营养特性及国内外研究进展。     

Animal welfare and workers' protection during electric stunning of poultry for slaughter

Every slaughter process involves problems as to animal welfare as well as safety aspects and the protection of workers. With poultry these are basically concentrated on electrical stunning. Electrical currents and voltages suitable for stunning slaughter animals are principally also hazardous for man in what respect body resistance is of crucial importance. Potential hazards have to be looked upon as present in spite of existing safety regulations. Comparatively high stunning voltages for poultry recently proposed because of animal welfare considerations have met objections not only from the viewpoint of meat hygienic but workers' safety regulations as well. While the former meanwhile could be overcome the latter still has to be investigated, especially as a regulation on the electrical stunning of poultry is currently being prepared. In this respect the question whether adequate stunning efficiency can be obtained by reducing the voltage and prolonging the time of exposure is of special interest. First preliminary results of such investigations are presented. To ensure workers' safety other related aspects should also be taken into account and examined for improvements.     

Epidemiology,control, and prevention of Newcastle disease in endemic regions: Latin America

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially...     

基于家禽产业链视角分析广东珠三角地区H7N9禽流感传播途径

珠三角地区H7N9禽流感传播途径具有复杂性和特殊性。为进一步明确传播途径,基于家禽产业链视角,在H7N9禽流感最为严重的广州市、深圳市、佛山市,采用分层抽样法选取有代表性且能反映整体情况的养殖场、批发市场、屠宰场、农贸市场,调查H7N9禽流感的动物防疫和个人防护情况。结果显示:养殖场的生物安全隔离仍不完善,存在活禽接触候鸟感染禽流感的风险;批发市场和屠宰场防疫水平高,人感染风险较低;农贸市场的动物防疫条件和个人防护不充分,易扩散病毒;最有可能的传播途径是与候鸟接触后携带病毒的活禽,通过"养殖—批发—零售"产业链蔓延。该结论在明确"禽传人"、"活禽市场环境暴露"观点上深化了产业链各环节间的传播路径。因此,珠三角地区H7N9禽流感的防控重点要加强养殖环节的生物安全隔离,并做好零售环节中活禽与人之间的防控。     

《家禽屠宰检疫规程》中有关问题分析

《家禽屠宰检疫规程》在规范家禽的屠宰检疫,加强家禽产品的检疫活动管理,保障动物源食品安全方面发挥了重要作用。本文概述了《家禽屠宰检疫规程》关于家禽屠宰场所定义、规程适用动物、检疫对象、检疫合格标准的判定等方面存在的问题,特别是针对家禽产品入库贮藏后才出厂如何出具检疫合格证明,提出可采取贮藏后继续调运或分销的检疫方式出具检疫证明这一解决方案。这提示在今后工作中扩大屠宰检疫的适用范围及检疫对象,进一步修订和完善屠宰检疫规程,提升屠宰检疫技术水平。     

Dietary fiber and chicken microbiome interaction: Where will it lead to?

The last few decades have been marked by a rapid genetic improvement in chicken growth rates. The modern-day chicken is more efficient in converting feed into muscle mass than their predecessors. This enhanced efficiency emanates from better nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The gut has therefore become a research focus especially after the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) in poultry. In pursuance of better gut health in the post-AGP era, many different strategies are being continuously sought and tested. The gut is inhabited by more than 900 bacterial species along with fungi and archaea, and they play an important role to maintain a conducive milieu for the host. A beneficial shift in the microbial ecosystem of the chicken can be promoted by many dietary and non-dietary interventions, however, diet is ranked as one of the most important and potent regulators of gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the constituents of the diet warrant special attention in the modulation of the gut ecosystem. Among dietary constituents, fiber possesses a significant ability to modulate the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the importance of fiber in poultry nutrition and will also discuss the effects of fiber on gut microbiota and its resultant ramifications on the liver and brain.     

Poultry husbandry and animal health

Close interactions are existing between poultry husbandry and poultry health. The more housing systems and the environment of the animals can be controlled, the less the general risk of disorders in poultry flocks--especially of diseases which are caused by the introduction of microoganisms. Resulting deterimental effects will affect not only the animals themselves, but also pose a risk indirectly for humans via food originating from animals under production. Also, by keeping the risk of infections as low as possible, the use of therapeutics can be avoided. This will reduce the risk of residues in food of animal origin. In summary, with all probability open poultry husbandry systems, especially those including free range systems pose increased risks for poultry health and consequently for the quality of food originating from poultry production. At least, those systems require highest standards of biosecurity, defined as management, location, farm layout, cleaning and desinfection incl. pest control programs, immunization and specific veterinary monitoring concepts to prevent infections.     

香格里拉地区尼西鸡养殖现状及发展对策

尼西鸡是云南特有的家禽品种,因产于香格里拉市尼西乡而得名,当地藏语叫"龙巴下",是云南20个地方家禽品种中典型的肉蛋兼用型品种,也是我国《国家级畜禽资源保护品种名录》中典型的地方家禽品种,是当地藏族经长期驯化饲养、选育而形成的优良品种,具有体型较小、产蛋高、肉质好、耐粗饲、灵活善飞等特点,在高海拔和气候寒冷的自然环境下适应性好,野外觅食能力强。特殊的养殖环境使尼西鸡成为肉质鲜嫩、风味独特的高原兼用型鸡种。随着这些年养殖规模的不断扩大和人们对畜禽产品的消费理念不断提升,尼西鸡成为当地人备受欢迎的禽类产品,并将成为云南地区高原生态特色农产品的典型代表。     

Investigation of the mite fauna content of dust samples collected from pig and poultry farms. Report of the first finding in Western Europe of the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides evansi in dust from poultry houses

Mites can be important sources of airborne allergens, especially on farms. Two dust samples from pig farms and three dust samples from poultry farms were investigated for mites. House-dust mites were present in the poultry-dust samples, but not in the pig-dust samples. Furthermore, storage mites and predatory mites also were found in the poultry-dust samples. Specifically, the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides evansi was found in the dust samples from two poultry farms. Subsequently, a dust sample was collected from five other poultry farms. Again, D. evansi was present in dust from these farms. This is the first time that D. evansi is reported in dust from poultry farms in Western Europe outside Norway. If D. evansi cross-reacts with other Dermatophagoides spp., then poultry farmers and their families, but also other professionals working in the poultry industry, such as veterinarians, may be exposed to house-dust mites with potential clinical consequences, both domestic and occupational.