狂犬病口服疫苗SRV_9毒株基因序列的生物信息学分析

为了解狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株的基因序列与生物学特性的关系,并就其主要抗原位点与国内外现用狂犬病疫苗生产毒株进行比较,明确其作为口服疫苗株的分子基础,本试验通过RT-PCR方法对狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株的N、P、M、G、L基因分别进行克隆,并分别连接于pMD19-T载体,经酶切、测序鉴定后,用DNAStar软件对全基因序列进行分析,并与11株目前生产用狂犬病疫苗株进行基因序列比对分析和主要抗原位点的比较。狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株N、P、M、G、L基因序列与其他毒株的序列同源性为81.8%~100.0%,由全基因组进化树可知,SRV9毒株与所有疫苗株在同一个大的分支内,均属于基因Ⅰ型,其中狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株与ERA、SAD B19、SAG-2等口服疫苗株的进化距离最近,而与疫苗生产毒株aG、RC-HL之间的进化距离则较远。狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株与各疫苗株的糖蛋白不同结构区的氨基酸同源性分析表明,狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株与SAD B19、SAG-2、ERA口服疫苗株的膜外区、跨膜区和膜内区的同源性最高。狂犬病口服疫苗SRV9毒株的基因组结构和抗原基因位点特征均与目前生产用口服疫苗株相似,这为今后狂犬病口服疫苗的研制和通过分子生物学技术构建基因重组弱毒疫苗株的研究提供了试验依据。     

两株狂犬病病毒强毒株糖蛋白基因的克隆及潜在抗原表位分析

通过RT-PCR分别获得了狂犬病病毒强毒CVS株、DRV82株糖蛋白基因,进行克隆及测序,并推导出氨基酸序列,与犬用疫苗弱毒株ERA、SRV9、犬源性街毒株CGX及人用疫苗株PG的糖蛋白序列进行比较。结果表明,以上狂犬病病毒毒株间的核苷酸同源性为83.1%～99.2%,氨基酸序列同源性为87.0%～98.5%。经Jameson-Wolf抗原表位优势图分析,CVS株与其他各株相比发现在304位、372位抗原表位优势升高;而DRV82株与其它各株差异不明显。抗原优势变化可能导致狂犬病病毒糖蛋白出现新的潜在抗原位点,为下一步构建不同毒株的狂犬病病毒糖蛋白重组疫苗奠定了基础。     

狂犬病病毒ERA株糖蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中已发表的狂犬病病毒G基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,对RV ERA株G基因进行了RT-PCR扩增。将PCR产物纯化后与pMD18-T连接得到重组质粒pMD-G,并进行核苷酸序列测定。结果该基因全长1 575bp,编码524个氨基酸。与GenBank中已发表的其他RV标准毒株(CVS,PV,SRV9,SAD-B19)相比,G基因核苷酸的同源性为89.1%～99.1%,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为89.7%～99.3%。对推导的RV ERA株G蛋白氨基酸序列分析表明,该蛋白含有3个潜在的N-联糖基化位点。用DNAStar软件对RV ERA株与CVS、SRV9、PV、SAD-B19等G蛋白疏水性、Jame-son-Wolf抗原表位和表面极性分析表明,它们之间非常相似。     

细粒棘球绦虫EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒SRV9株基因组全长cDNA的构建

试验旨在通过反向遗传学技术构建EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒SRV₉疫苗株,为中国农牧区的狂犬病和包虫病的有效防控提供技术手段。本试验参照狂犬病病毒SRV₉株全基因组序列,利用基因合成技术分别合成狂犬病病毒的结构蛋白N、P、L基因,以及N-P-M基因融合片段和狂犬病病毒G基因、细粒棘球绦虫EgM123基因与增强型绿色荧光蛋白eGFP融合片段基因,通过载体酶切插入连接方法,依次将狂犬病病毒L基因、N-P-M基因融合片段和G+EgM123+eGFP基因融合片段重组于pcDNA3.1（-）表达载体上,构建EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒SRV₉全长cDNA。将合成的基因分别构建于pcDNA3.1（-）表达载体,经转化、质粒酶切、基因测序鉴定结果表明,狂犬病病毒N、P、L、N+P+M和G+EgM123+eGFP基因片段长度分别为1 365、1 107、6 471、3 160和3 256 bp;EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒全长cDNA片段长度为12 465 bp,各基因片段测序结果为100%。本试验成功构建了EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒全长cDNA片段和狂犬病病毒N、P、L基因的真核表达载体,为通过反向遗传学拯救EgM123基因重组狂犬病病毒及狂犬病和包虫病二联基因重组口服活疫苗的研制提供参考。     

野生动物用狂犬病口服疫苗复合免疫佐剂与诱饵的筛选及其对免疫效果的影响

本研究旨在筛选最佳的复合佐剂和口服疫苗诱饵组方,并将筛选出的复合佐剂口服免疫试验小鼠,检测免疫小鼠血清IgG和肠道IgA抗体效价。采用牛肉粉、鸡肉粉、鱼肉粉、奶粉、血粉为主要原料,以细菌脂多糖、氢氧化锌、枸杞多糖、甘露低聚糖为疫苗免疫佐剂,通过正交试验方法将复合免疫佐剂和口服疫苗诱饵与狂犬病SRV₉病毒混匀后口服免疫试验小鼠,并对免疫动物血清IgG抗体效价进行检测。优化的复合佐剂组方是细菌脂多糖100 μg、氢氧化锌0.8 mg、枸杞多糖50 mg、甘露低聚糖10 mg,免疫小鼠血清IgG抗体含量为3.24 mg/L,肠道IgA抗体含量为1.56 ng/mL;在疫苗诱饵的投喂试验中,狼、狐狸、犬、猫对鱼肉味诱饵的采食率最高,其次是血味和奶味诱饵;诱饵与狂犬病SRV₉病毒混匀后口服免疫小鼠28 d后,血清IgG平均值为1.20 U/L。本试验筛选出口服疫苗复合免疫佐剂,经筛选制备的鱼肉味诱饵具备高采食性,适合野生食肉类动物口服疫苗的制备。可增加狂犬病SRV₉病毒的免疫效应,为进一步研发重组减毒狂犬病口服疫苗提供了必要的技术支撑。     

辽宁省PRRSVLN／0901株ORF5基因遗传变异分析及其抗原位点预测

根据已发表的PRRSVORF5基因序列设计引物,经RT-PCR对辽宁省PRRSVLN／0901株0RF5基因片段进行扩增、克隆及测序,结果得到长度为739bp的0RF5基因完整序列,与已知代表毒株进行核苷酸及其编码氨基酸同源性比对和系统进化树分析,LN／09010RF5基因序列与VR-2332株同源性达到88．6％,而与LV株,则相差甚远,仅为61．7％,表明PRRSVLN／0901病毒株为美洲型,与CBB-1-F3T、GD2007、JXA1、BJ0708等毒株同源性高达98．7％～99．5％,表明该病毒与2006年以来国内的多数流行变异株遗传关系相近。通过对PRRSVI,N／0901ORF5进行氨基酸疏水性及其编码蛋白跨膜区预测分析,表明该毒株ORF5具有多个抗原优势位点,与国内其他毒株既有共同位点又有区别位点,可以做为辽宁地区开发研制PRRS基因工程疫苗的重要蛋白基因。     

5株鸡源新城疫病毒F基因特性分析

为调查山西省鸡源新城疫病毒(NDV)的流行现状,2012—2013年从山西省部分地区的发病鸡群分离、鉴定出5株NDV,并对这5株NDV的分子生物学特性进行了研究。对各分离株F基因序列的分析表明:其中的4株病毒在基因型分类上属于基因Ⅱ亚型,并与标准弱毒疫苗La Sota株高度同源,为99.2%⁹9.4%。氨基酸序列同源性为100%,且裂解位点氨基酸序列为112G-R-Q-G-R-L117,符合弱毒株裂解位点特征。另一分离毒株在基因型分类上与JS/5/01/Go同属基因Ⅶd亚型,两者基因序列同源性为95.6%,氨基酸序列同源性为97.5%。其裂解位点氨基酸序列为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,为强毒株裂解位点特征。     

山东省部分地区猪伪狂犬病病毒分离株gC抗原基因的变异分析

为了解当前山东省猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)流行特点及病毒gC抗原基因的变异情况,本研究对2018年来自山东省不同地区的23份猪伪狂犬病疑似病料进行PRV的分离鉴定,并对分离株的gC抗原基因进行扩增及序列分析。结果表明,共分离到9株PRV;gC基因同源性比对结果显示,分离株与2012年之后国内PRV变异株的核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性均高于欧美毒株;遗传进化树及推导氨基酸序列分析结果显示,分离株与国内2012年后分离到的变异毒株同属于GenotypeⅡ;因此,推测目前山东省流行的PRV以变异毒株为主。9株分离株与Bartha-K61疫苗株相比,糖基化蛋白gC在潜在抗原位点和O-糖基化位点的重要位置(aa23～aa453)发生改变,这或许会影响分离株的抗原性,从而有助于其逃避宿主免疫防御,最终造成疫苗诱导产生的中和抗体不能有效地中和目前流行的变异PRV。本研究为变异PRV的防控及相关疫苗研制提供了一定的理论依据。     

一株猪伪狂犬病病毒变异株的分离鉴定

为了解广东省猪伪狂犬病病毒（pseudorabies virus，PRV）野毒株的基因变异及遗传演化的情况，本试验对广东佛山疑似暴发伪狂犬病的猪场采集的病料（脑、肺脏、扁桃体、肝脏、脾脏）进行了PCR鉴定，初步鉴定为PRV毒株后，将阳性病料接种非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero），进行毒株传代培养，对分离毒株进行PCR检测及小鼠感染试验，证实该病毒为PRV，并命名为PRV FS-2015株；并对该毒株进行细胞病变观察、病毒TCID₅₀测定、毒株gC和TK基因扩增及序列分析。结果显示，PRV FS-2015株TCID₅₀为10^-7.5/0.1 mL。PRV FS-2015株的gC和TK基因序列与国内外PRV参考毒株进行同源性比对分析发现，其核苷酸序列同源性分别为95.8%~100.0%和99.4%~100.0%，氨基酸同源性分别为92.3%~100.0%和98.7%~100.0%。遗传进化分析表明，PRV FS-2015株与国内近几年分离的PRV变异株GY、ZJ01、HB1201、HN1201、JS2012、BJ/YT和BP属于同一分支，同源性较高，亲缘关系更近；但与PRV经典株Kaplan、Becker、NIA3、Kolchis、Bartha、Yangsan、Min-A、SS和SL株的同源性较低，基因变异较大，表明PRV FS-2015毒株属于近几年流行的变异株。本研究结果可为广东省伪狂犬病的防控工作和疫苗株的选择提供科学依据。     

鸭源新城疫病毒SS1株全基因序列测定及遗传进化分析

对从贵州省某三穗鸭养殖场病死鸭体内分离的1株新城疫病毒(NDV)Sheldrakeduck/China/Guizhou/SS1/2014(简称SS1株)进行部分生物学特性测定及全基因测序与分析。结果表明:SS1株的MDT、ICPI和IVPI分别为52 h、1.89和2.80,F基因编码蛋白的裂解位点序列为~(112)R-R-Q-K-R-F~(117),HN基因编码571个氨基酸,均符合NDV强毒株特征;SS1株基因组全长为15 192 bp,各基因片段核苷酸序列与代表性基因Ⅶ型毒株ZJ1、NA-1、SF02和FP1/02相似性最高,达96.3%~98.7%,而与疫苗株V4、La Sota和Mukteswar同源性最低,为82.8%~85.4%;根据F基因序列绘制的系统进化树显示SS1株属于ClassⅡ基因Ⅶd亚型。F和HN蛋白氨基酸序列分析发现,SS1株F蛋白中和抗原位点第170位氨基酸、HN蛋白抗原区及其邻近氨基酸位点与国内当前流行的基因Ⅶd亚型NDV毒株一致,而与疫苗株有较大的差异。此外,交叉血凝抑制试验结果表明,SS1株与传统疫苗株La Sota的抗原同源性为84.5%,而与新型基因Ⅶ型疫苗株A-Ⅶ的抗原同源性为100%,表明分离株与疫苗株存在一定的抗原差异。     

Construction of Full-length cDNA of Recombinant Rabies Virus SRV9 Strain Expressing EgM123 Gene of Echinococcus granulosus

The aim of the experiment was to construct the recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ vaccine strain with EgM123 gene by reverse genetics technology and provide the technical means for effective prevention and control of rabies and hydatidosis in China's agricultural and pastoral areas.In this study,the structural protein N,P and L genes of rabies virus SRV₉ were synthesized using gene synthesis technology,which was based on the complete genome sequence of rabies virus SRV₉ and the fusion fragment of the N-P-M fusion fragment and the rabies G gene,through the carrier of enzyme insertion connection methods,the recombinant rabies virus L gene,N-P-M gene fusion fragment and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fusion fragment were successively recombined on the expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) to construct the full-length cDNA of recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ with EgM123 gene.The synthesized genes were constructed on pcDNA3.1(-) expression vector,and the results of transformation,plasmid digestion and gene sequencing showed that the length of N,P,L,N+P+M and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fragments were 1 365,1 107,6 471,3 160 and 3 256 bp,respectively.The full-length cDNA fragment of EgM123 gene recombinant rabies virus full-length cDNA was 12 465 bp,and the sequencing results of each gene fragment were 100%.In this experiment,the full-length cDNA fragment of recombinant EgM123 rabies and eukaryotic expression vectors of the N,P and L genes of rabies virus were successfully constructed,which could save EgM123 gene recombinant rabies by reverse genetics,it also provided the reference for the development of rabies and hydatid disease combined gene recombinant oral live vaccine.     

Antigenic characterization of street rabies virus isolates from Nigeria using monoclonal antibodies

Twenty isolates of street rabies virus were recovered in mouse neutroblastoma cells from 84 rabies suspect brain specimens from Nigeria dogs and a cat. They were characterized with the Tübingen monoclonal antibody panels directed against nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens. Antigenic variations were detected both with antinucleocapsid (anti-NC) and antiglycoprotein (anti-GP) monoclonal antibodies (mabs). One isolate reacted positively with anti-NC mab P41 which hitherto has been known to react positively with polar rabies. Another isolate did not react with anti-NC mab 187.5; a reaction normally seen with ERA/SAD strains of rabies virus. With anti-GP mabs it was possible to group the isolates by their area of origin. Isolates from Plateau State were not neutralized by anti-GP mabs ERA 543 and P44.7.2. The isolates studied had glycoprotein antigenic patterns different from the pattern for low egg passage (LEP) Flury strain vaccine virus used in Nigeria for immunization of dogs.     

狂犬病病毒Vero ERA株G蛋白333位点精氨酸突变株的构建

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白（G）在病毒的致病性中起着主要作用,其第333位点精氨酸（Arg）是决定病毒神经细胞侵嗜性的重要分子基础之一。为研制更加安全有效的狂犬病减毒活疫苗,本试验采用负链RNA病毒反向遗传学方法,在体外将狂犬病病毒Vero细胞适应株ERA糖蛋白G333位点精氨酸突变为谷氨酸,构建减毒株ERAGΔ,减弱了其潜在的毒力返强的危险。救获的ERAGΔ突变株在Vero细胞上表现出与ERA株亲本病毒相似的生长动力学特性。本研究成功构建并拯救出了狂犬病病毒ERA减毒疫苗株,为研制开发狂犬病病毒无毒疫苗提供了候选株。     

4株NDV流行株的分离鉴定、生物学特性及遗传学特性的研究

为研究近年国内的新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）流行株与传统疫苗株（Mukteswar、La Sota及Clone 30）的亲缘关系和遗传演化情况,试验从广东、广西和海南地区患病的免疫鸡群病料中分离鉴定得到4株NDV流行株。通过RT-PCR技术对各毒株的F和HN基因进行扩增、克隆与序列分析,然后与GenBank上发表的NDV序列进行同源性比对、遗传进化树分析,并测定各毒株致病指数。结果显示,本试验中HN-08株的鸡胚半数感染量（EID₅₀）、平均死亡时间（MDT）、脑内致病指数（ICPI）和静脉致病指数（IVPI）分别为10^-8.37/0.2 mL、58.5 h、1.78和2.45,XX-08株分别为10^-6.50/0.2 mL、75.0 h、1.61和2.41,YS-09株分别为10^-7.75/0.2 mL、64.5 h、1.71和2.38,LF-09株分别为10^-7.60/0.2 mL、63.8 h、1.84和2.38。4株鸡源NDV流行株彼此间F和HN基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性在95.8%以上,与鸡源流行株GX11/03、GM株的同源性为96.8%~98.6%,而疫苗株Mukteswar、La Sota及Clone 30株的同源性为86.7%~90.6%,与标准强毒株F₄₈E₉的同源性为88.4%~91.3%。表明4株NDV流行株均为强毒株,与近年来国内流行的GX11/03、GM株有较近的亲缘关系,而与传统疫苗株的关系相对较远。     

Isolation,Identification of Four Newcastle Disease Virus Strains and Study on Their Biological Characteristics and Genetic Characteristics

In order to study the relationship and evolution between the latest Newcastle disease virus (NDV) epidemic strain and the vaccine strain (Mukteswar,La Sota and Clone 30 strains),four NDV epidemic strains were initially isolated and identified from immunized chicken groups in Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan provinces. Fusion (F) gene and hemaglutinin neuraminidase (HN) gene of four isolated stains were amplified,cloned and sequenced by RT-PCR method,and the homology analysis of amino acid sequences deduced by F and HN genes of NDV and other strains published in GenBank were studied, the phylogenetic tree were build,and the pathogenicity index of each strain (EID₅₀,MDT, ICPI and IVPI) were determined. The results showed that the EID₅₀,MDT,ICPI and IVPI of the HN-08 strain were 10^-8.37/0.2 mL,58.5 h,1.78 and 2.45,that of the XX-08 strain were 10^-6.50/0.2 mL,75.0 h,1.61 and 2.41,that of the YS-09 strain were 10^-7.75/0.2 mL,64.5 h,1.71 and 2.38,and of the LF-09 strain were 10^-7.60/0.2 mL,63.8 h,1.84 and 2.38.In this experiment,the similarity of amino acid sequences of F and HN genes was over 95.8% among four strains of NDV isolated from chicken,the similarity of four NDV strains with chicken epidemic strains (GX11/03 and GM strains),vaccine strains (Mukteswar,La Sota and Clone 30 strains) and standard virulent strain (F₄₈E₉ strain) were from 96.8% to 98.6%,86.7% to 90.6% and 88.4% to 91.3%,respectively. The results showed that four NDV epidemic strains were virulent strains,which were closely related to the GX11/03 and GM strains that were popular in China in recent years,but relatively far from the traditional vaccine strains.     

Safety and immunogenicity of ERA strain of rabies virus propagated in a BHK-21 cell line.

The ERA strain of rabies virus was propagated in a baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21/C13). The viral titer was 10(1.8) tissue culture infective doses (TCID) higher than that of commercial ERA vaccine. The ERA/BHK-21 vaccine in baits retained titers of 10(6.3) to 10(6.4), TCID when subjected to daily temperature fluctuations from 9 degrees C to 24 degrees C for 21 days. This titer, according to a dose response in laboratory foxes, was still capable of immunizing up to 100% of foxes consuming a bait. The ERA/BHK-21 vaccine, when presented in baits, produced antibodies in 80 to 100% of dogs consuming more than one bait. Duration of immunity in foxes, from feeding the ERA strain rabies virus in baits, as determined by resistance to challenge with virulent virus, was at least 48 months. The vaccine strain retained some pathogenicity for nontarget species. In tests carried out on foxes, raccoons, dogs, cats and cattle, the vaccine did not cause vaccine-induced rabies. One of 14 skunks which consumed four baits developed vaccine-induced rabies, but virus could not be isolated from the salivary glands of this animal. The vaccine, when presented in baits, caused vaccine-induced rabies in 37% of laboratory mice, 3.4% of Microtus and 2.6% of Peromyscus species. Rabies virus could not be isolated from the salivary glands of rodents with vaccine-induced rabies. It was concluded that ERA virus propagated in BHK-21/C13 cells and incorporated in an acceptable bait produced a high titer, stable, immunogenic and safe vaccine for foxes.