犬穿透性移植角膜病理形态学与组织学观察

为了解犬穿透性角膜移植术后角膜愈合及其病理组织学变化特点,本试验进行了11只犬穿透性角膜移植术。结果显示,完全透明的移植角膜与植床对合良好,各层结构一致,仅对合处上1/2厚度的基质纤维排列紊乱,而下方纤维排列整齐;中央透明的移植角膜与植床有互相嵌入现象,植片后弹力层皱缩、折叠,植片后方有来自植床的基质层纤维而增厚。试验结果表明,优良的角膜缝合能够保持角膜各层结构不变,维持角膜的透明性;缝合不良可引起角膜组织结构不同程度的改变,导致角膜透明性降低以致于浑浊。本试验对小动物临床开展穿透性角膜移植术治疗角膜疾病引起的失明具有重要指导意义。     

犬穿透性角膜移植术关键技术

穿透性角膜移植术(penetrating keratoplasty,PKP)又称全层角膜移植术,指用健康供眼全层角膜置换患眼全层角膜的手术.人类角膜移植术的成功率很高,其中PKP术后植片透明率可达到65%～90%,已成为人类眼科临床主要的复明手术之一[1].     

大泡技术辅助下深板层角膜移植术治疗犬角膜损伤的术式探讨

本试验对大泡技术辅助深板层角膜移植术(DLK)治疗犬角膜高危损伤的术式进行初步探讨。随机选择6只健康本地犬构建角膜重度碱烧伤模型,进行大泡技术辅助下的深板层角膜移植术,并详细记录手术过程。分别于术后第3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d、49 d、56 d、63 d对术眼角膜移植片的透明度、角膜新生血管情况、角膜水肿情况、角膜浑浊度、角膜上皮缺损程度以及眼压、泪液量等进行观察、测量,并记录结果。结果表明,术后42 d,6只试验犬的RI指数5,角膜上皮缺损情况分值处于较低水平,角膜上皮爬行良好,植片保持透明,眼压值及泪液值稳定。采用大泡技术辅助下的深板层角膜移植术治疗犬高危角膜损伤,其临床效果理想,术后排斥反应率低,可作为犬角膜溃疡等严重角膜损伤疾病的理想治疗手段。     

犬角膜移植术

角膜移植术是用健康透明的供体角膜替换病变角膜。临床上常用的手术方式有穿透性(全层)角膜移植术与板层角膜移植术两种。1 角膜移植的历史沿革 角膜移植是器官和组织移植的组成部分。早在公元前,我国和古希腊都有用     

犬穿透性角膜移植术实验

穿透性角膜移植术又称全层角膜移植术 ,是指用健康供眼的全层角膜置换患眼全层角膜的手术 ,也是人类眼科临床主要的复明手术之一。近年来随着我国宠物养殖蓬勃兴起 ,兽医临床接诊犬猫角膜损伤、溃疡或穿孔的病例增多 ,这些眼病因受动物自身特点所限 ,往往疗程很长 ,如治疗不及时或不合理 ,常常恶化并造成视力丧失。如果能够施行穿透性角膜移植术 ,不仅可以改善宠物视力 ,而且大大提高宠物的欣赏价值。目前在国内兽医临床上角膜移植术尚无开展 ,而角膜移植术属于显微眼科手术 ,在操作上与普通外科手术有很大不同 ,为便于在临床开展宠物角膜移…     

TGF-β1滴眼对犬穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的试验

为探究TGF-β1蛋白溶液点眼对犬穿透性角膜移植后免疫排斥发生时间和角膜组织结构的变化。将健康本地杂交犬进行穿透性角膜移植手术(PKP)后分别用TGF-β1蛋白溶液,生理盐水连续点眼。TGF-β1蛋白溶液点眼组与生理盐水点眼组角膜植片发生免疫排斥反应的平均时间差异极显著(P0.01)。经角膜切片观察角膜组织结构变化,TGF-β1蛋白溶液点眼组术后14 d后基本正常,生理盐水点眼组3 d内皮层有部分损失,7 d内皮层脱落,基质层中度水肿,14 d后内皮层完全脱落,基质层严重水肿,后弹力层部分缺失,上皮层部分缺失。     

犬角膜移植同步第三眼睑覆盖手术试验

据统计,在犬病临床上,眼部的外科疾病占犬外科疾病的三成以上,其中角膜疾病是宠物常见疾病。目前,有关宠物角膜移植术有很多问题亟待解决,例如手术后的眼部护理及术后并发症的防治。只有解决了这些问题,才能使宠物角膜移植术广泛地应用于临床。犬的第三眼睑又称为瞬膜,位于眼球与下眼睑之间,覆盖在结膜上以保护角膜及清除异物,并防止眼睛出现过分干燥的情况。犬角膜移植同步第三眼睑覆盖手术是在角膜移植完成后,将第三眼睑拉出与上眼睑缝合,使第三眼睑完全遮盖住移植的角膜,以     

犬穿透性角膜移植术后血清TNF-α、IL-2和β-EP的动态变化

为了解犬穿透性角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应、炎症反应与疼痛反应,在选择11只6-12月龄、体重为4.0-6.5 kg的西施犬、北京犬和小型杂交犬进行穿透性角膜移植后,每天观察受体犬的全身及眼部表现,并于术后30 d内每5 d和30 d后每10 d采集1次受体犬外周静脉血,应用放射免疫法检测血清中的TNF-α、IL-2与β-EP含量,研究其动态变化。试验结果显示,术后第5-10天各受体犬血清TNF-α、IL-2、β-EP含量均表现不同程度的升高;从术后第15天开始,受体犬血清TNF-α、IL-2、β-EP含量则受多种因素影响而发生不同变化。研究结果表明,犬同种异体穿透性角膜移植和术后局部使用地塞米松,基本不出现亚急性免疫排斥反应或排斥反应程度很轻,术后血清TNF-α含量的动态变化不宜用于免疫排斥反应的早期预测及诊断;犬同种异体穿透性角膜移植后,血清IL-2含量可随眼部炎症程度的改变而发生相应变化,术后监测其变化可作为判断角膜移植术后炎症程度及其转归的重要指标;角膜创伤及其表面线结可引起犬的疼痛反应和血清β-EP含量显著升高,术后监测血清β-EP含量的动态变化能够准确反映角膜移植后犬对角膜疼痛的应激程度。     

实验性牛皮肤移植的研究

在牛体上对比薄层皮片、中厚层皮片、厚层皮片３种皮片的嵌植效果。结果表明，牛皮皮片嵌植法简便易行，移植皮片成活率高；其生长速度以薄层皮片最快，中厚层皮片次之，厚层皮片最慢。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对犬穿透性角膜移植愈合效果的组织学观察

为探索碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对犬穿透性角膜移植(PKP)术后角膜愈合效果,选取24只健康犬接受角膜移植,随机分为4组:手术对照组(A)、地塞米松组(B)、地塞米松+环孢菌素A组(C)、地塞米松+环孢菌素A+bFGF组(D),所有犬术后均接受妥布霉素点眼,在术前(0 d)和术后14 d、35 d制作角膜组织切片,观察角膜结构变化。结果显示:A组犬角膜基质层纤维排列混乱,上皮恢复速度较慢,35 d时存在上皮与基质层分离现象;B、C组角膜基质层纤维排列不规则,上皮细胞完整覆盖创面;D组角膜基质层纤维排列整齐,上皮层恢复速度最快,角膜表面平滑。结果表明:bFGF与妥布霉素、地塞米松和环孢菌素A联用可促进PKP术后角膜上皮层和基质层的愈合,为临床上犬角膜移植的术后治疗提供参考。     

Posterior lamellar keratoplasty for treatment of deep stromal absesses in nine horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate the use of posterior lamellar keratoplasty as a surgical treatment for deep corneal stromal abscesses in horses. Animals studied Nine horses of various breeds and ages that presented with corneal stromal abscesses located in the posterior one-third of the cornea. Procedure Retrospective medical record study. RESULTS: Nine horses had deep corneal stromal abscesses that were treated with posterior lamellar keratoplasty. Median patient age was 3 years. Six patients were females and three were geldings. Medical therapy alone had been attempted prior to surgery in all nine animals. Corneal abscess culture and histopathology were performed in 8/9 horses. Cultures were positive for an infectious etiology in 4/8 (50%). Histopathology was positive for an infectious etiology in 5/8 (62.5%). Mean surgical time was 71.0 +/- 18.8 min and the average healing time was 23.7 +/- 5.2 days. Visual outcome was positive in 8/9 cases. Conclusion Posterior lamellar keratoplasty is a promising procedure for treatment of deep corneal stromal abscesses in horses. The procedure resulted in considerable shorter surgery time and healing time than had been observed with full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty. Scar formation with this procedure was not significantly different than with penetrating keratoplasty.     

Lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum

A lamellar keratoplasty was used to treat corneal sequestrum in four Persian cats (six eyes). Following a superficial keratectomy, lamellar corneal allografts (feline corneal tissue) or heterografts (canine corneal tissue) which had been preserved at –20 °C were placed in the recipient cornea. All grafts became optically transparent within 2 months following surgery and no recurrences of the sequestrum have been noted during the follow-up period (4–30 months). We conclude that feline corneal sequestrum may be successfully treated with feline or canine donor corneal tissue using this technique.     

Infiltrative corneal lesions resembling fibrous histiocytoma: clinical and pathologic findings in six dogs and one cat.

Infiltrating corneal lesions developed in 6 dogs and 1 cat. In each case, the site of origin appeared to be the corneal limbus. The lesions were characterized by continuous growth, a benign appearance, and a tendency to recur following excision keratoplasty. Each lesion was of a proliferative, inflammatory nature, histologically resembling fibrous histiocytoma. Of the 6 dogs in the series, 4 were Collies.     

Corneal stromal abscess in a horse

A thoroughbred yearling presented with a focal, yellow, midstromal corneal opacity with concurrent iridocyclitis which was consistent with a corneal stromal abscess. When continued, appropriate, medical therapy failed to improve the patient's condition, penetrating keratoplasty was performed for diagnosis and therapy. Histopathology showed that the deep corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane were severely infiltrated with necrotic neutrophils and numerous, intralesional fungal hyphae. Culture was negative. Bacteria were not isolated, consistent with a fungal corneal stromal abscess. The resultant corneal scar did not interfere with the horse's racing career.     

Penetrating keratoplasty in a California Brown Pelican

Fresh homologous penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed on the left cornea of a young adult female California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) for the treatment of vision-threatening corneal scarring and granulation tissue. The procedure appeared to be highly successful based on short-term clinical follow-up and histopathology results. However, the patient died from unrelated causes before long-term follow-up could be obtained.     

Corneal transplantation for inflammatory keratopathies in the horse: visual outcome in 206 cases (1993-2007)

Objective To evaluate the visual outcome of three techniques of corneal transplantation surgery in treating severe inflammatory keratopathies in the horse. Design Retrospective medical records study. Animals studied Medical records of 206 horses that received corneal transplantation surgery at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center from 1993 to 2007 were reviewed. Procedure Data collected from the medical records included signalment, types of ocular lesions, type of transplant surgery performed, length of follow‐up, complications, and visual outcomes. Results Full thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed in 86 horses for melting ulcers, iris prolapse/descemetoceles, and medically nonresponsive full thickness stromal abscesses (SA). Posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) are split thickness penetrating keratoplasties that were utilized for medically nonresponsive deep stromal abscesses (DSA) in 54 and 66 eyes, respectively. The most common postoperative surgical complication was graft rejection and varying degrees of graft opacification. Wound dehiscence and aqueous humor leakage was also a common postoperative problem. A positive visual outcome was achieved for PK, PLK, and DLEK in 77.9%, 98.1%, and 89.4%, respectively. Conclusions Corneal transplantation is a tectonically viable surgery in the horse with an overall success rate of 88.5% in maintaining vision when treating vascularized and infected corneal disease in the horse.     

一种无毒环保的荔枝保鲜技术

荔枝可先用泡沫箱包装，再放入普通冷柜或冷库进行冷藏保鲜，该技术有别于传统的保鲜技术，但效果明显实用，操作简单，过程无需浸泡杀菌剂，也无需特殊处理。     

Heterologous penetrating keratoplasty for treatment of a corneal sequestrum in a cat

A corneal sequestrum was diagnosed in an 8-year-old, neutered male Burmese cat. A heterologous penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (fresh canine corneal tissue) was performed to restore a clear visual axis. A heterograft was selected in order to decrease the risk of viral transmission as a screened donor was not available. One month postoperatively the graft was vascularized and opaque. The owner failed to return for recheck examinations until 16 months postoperatively at which time only a faint central nebula remained.     

Penetrating keratoplasty for treatment of corneal protrusion in a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)

A young adult great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) was examined following presumed trauma. The owl had soft tissue injury to its left wing as well as corneal protrusion, lens subluxation, and iridodialysis of the right eye. The bird's eye was treated surgically with a large, rectangular penetrating keratoplasty. Following escape from housing, the bird was found with partial wound dehiscence and iris prolapse 12 days post operation. Surgical repair was performed and healing progressed for 14 days, at which time the transplant dehisced and the globe was exenterated. The patient rehabilitated well until escaping from its cage again 4 weeks later, at which time it sustained an open comminuted humeral fracture and was euthanized.