ACQ-B防腐处理对木箱包装材料力学性能的影响

采用常温常压浸泡法、利用水溶性木材防腐剂-季铵铜(ACQ-B)处理木箱包装材料-樟子松板。在实验室条件下,用电子万能力学试验机研究不同浓度药液处理和后期不同干燥条件对木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和横纹抗压强度的影响。结果表明,经不同浓度药液处理以及后期不同的干燥条件,使得樟子松木材的抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量变化不大;顺纹抗压强度在较高浓度下有所增强,0.5%浓度处理下略有降低;而横纹抗压强度均有不同程度的降低。     

ACQ防腐剂对扭叶松蓝变部分木材力学性能的影响

本文利用三种不同浓度ACQ防腐剂对扭叶松蓝变木材进行浸注处理,其浓度分别为1.2%、2.0%和2.8%.研究其抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性和顺纹剪切强度(弦面)与未处理蓝变木材相应力学性能的差异,测试标准参照GB1927～1943-91.研究结果显示,经浸注处理后的试样均达到美国AWPA标准UC4A等级规定的药剂保持量;ACQ防腐处理大约降低了20%扭叶松蓝变木材的冲击韧性,与未防腐处理试样对比,在0.01水平上有显著差异,但不同浓度间差异不显著;三种浓度ACQ处理间以及与未处理的扭叶松蓝变木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹剪切强度差异不显著;随着ACQ浓度的降低,冲击韧性、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹弦面剪切强度有所增大,但影响都很小.图4表10参6.     

防腐前处理对竹集成材力学性能的影响

以季铵铜(ACQ)和铜唑(CuAz)加压浸渍处理的毛竹精刨竹条为单元,以酚醛树脂为胶黏剂,制作防腐竹集成材,并测试其力学强度,分析了药剂种类和载药量对竹集成材抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、抗弯强度(MOR)和胶层剪切强度的影响.结果表明,防腐处理前后,竹集成材的MOR、胶层剪切强度差异不显著,MOE差异性显著(0.05水平);防腐剂种类对竹集成材MOE影响显著,载药量水平对MOE影响不显著;总体上看,防腐竹集成材的MOE和MOR略有下降或保持不变,胶层剪切强度略有提高.     

铜基防腐剂对竹材定向刨花板性能的影响

选用季铵铜(ACQ)、铜唑(CuAz)及环烷酸铜(CuN)3种铜基防腐剂,考察防腐剂添加对竹材定向刨花板物理力学性能的影响。研究表明,3种防腐剂处理材的物理力学性能,均满足LY/T 1580-2000《定向刨花板》中OSB/3规定;其中,CuAz及CuN各载药量处理材的性能均超过OSB/4的要求,并且综合力学性能优于ACQ处理材。添加2.21 kg/m3的CuAz制作的板材性能略低于对照试板外,其余防腐剂或载药量对板材性能无不利影响。     

ACQ防腐剂处理杉木小径材的研究

对利用ACQ木材防腐剂处理杉木小径材的研究结果表明,使用浓度为0.5%的ACQ对杉木小径材进行真空加压浸渍处理,可以达到较好的防腐处理效果。随着ACQ浸渍深度及保持量的增加,对试件的静曲强度和弹性模量没有明显影响,而握钉力则有下降的趋势。     

硫酰氟熏蒸处理对出口包装樟子松木材力学性能的影响

采用硫酰氟作为熏蒸剂处理樟子松木材,在试验室条件下,研究熏蒸处理对木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、颇纹抗剪强度和颇纹抗压强度的影响。结果表明,经硫酰氟熏蒸处理后樟子松木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗剪强度和顺纹抗压强度均有程度不同的变化;除顺纹抗剪强度有所增强,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度均减小;抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量的相关性有所下降。     

含铜木材防腐剂的流失性能

依据AWPA E11-97标准,对不同配方含铜防腐剂的铜及三唑流失率进行了测定.结果表明,以氨水为配体的铜唑(CuAz)及ACQ制剂中,铜在木材中的固着率均高于乙醇胺,氨水有利于铜在木材中固着.乙醇胺为配体的CuAz及ACQ制荆中,低栽药量铜制剂的固着率均远高于高栽药量铜制剂.三唑制剂中含有铜,能降低戊唑醇的流失率,用乙醇作溶剂的戊唑醇的流失率相对较高,可达37%.     

杉木热处理材结晶度及力学性能的研究

热处理对木材力学性能的影响是多样的,这与热处理条件下木材的物理化学变化密切相关。本次研究将杉木板材在160℃、180℃和220℃常压蒸汽条件下进行热处理,考察处理材的结晶度、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度及相互可能的关联。结果表明,热处理使试材结晶度增加,有助于提高木材的刚性,使热处理材的抗弯弹性模量高于常规对照材;结晶度的提高对抗弯强度没有改善作用,热处理后试材的抗弯强度明显下降。     

环保防腐剂处理木材的耐腐性能研究

以马尾松为研究对象,分别采用铜唑和季铵铜(ACQ)两种环保型防腐剂处理木材,研究不同防腐剂对木材耐腐性能的影响。结果表明:两种防腐剂处理的木材耐腐等级为强耐腐,防腐效果显著;铜唑防腐剂浓度和成本较低,可推广应用于古建筑及传统民居木构件防护工程。     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大.     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

ACQ木材防腐剂及防腐处理木材

为使民众更多的了解和使用ACQ木材防腐剂和防腐处理木材，本文对其基本理化性质、防腐性能、对人、畜和环境的安全性、对木材性质的影响、处理工艺以及注意事项等作了详细的介绍。     

Efficacy of wood preservatives formulated from okara with copper and/or boron salts

As a substitute for high-cost copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) wood preservatives, alternative wood preservatives were formulated with okara, which is an organic waste from the production of tofu, and copper chloride and/or borax. Each preservative was used in treatment of wood blocks in a reduced-pressure method to measure its treatability. The treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 days to examine the stability of the preservatives against hot-water leaching. The preservatives successfully penetrated into wood blocks, probably due to the use of ammonium hydroxide as a dissociating agent. However, the stability of okara-based preservatives dropped as the concentration of acid in the solutions used for hydrolysis of okara increased. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were not affected by hydrolysis temperature but were negatively affected by the addition of borax. Leached wood blocks treated with okara-based preservatives and exposed to decay fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta over 12 weeks showed good decay resistance. Okara-based wood preservatives can protect wood against fungal attack as effectively as CuAz, and have potential for use as environmentally friendly wood preservatives.     

Monoethanolamine extraction of copper-preservative-treated wood and reuse of the extract for wood preservation

Remediation of copper-based alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and micronized copper quat (MCQ) wood-preservative-treated weathered southern pine mulch samples by monoethanolamine (Mea) extraction was studied. The potential reuse of Mea extract in ACQ wood preservative application was also evaluated. Continuous column extraction of copper-preservative-treated samples for 32 h, using 12 % Mea removed 66–86 % (between top and bottom of the column) and 65–80 % of Cu, respectively, from ACQ- and MCQ-treated wood. Mea extracts of treated wood could be reused in ACQ-treating solutions that met the American Wood Protection Association standard specifications for ACQ wood preservatives. This was achieved either by mixing the extract with industrial Cu–Mea solution at 1:4 ratio or by adding cupric acetate salt directly into the Mea extract. ACQ-treating solutions reformulated using Mea extracts of ACQ- and MCQ-treated wood performed similarly to wood treated with industrial ACQ solution and freshly prepared solution using cupric acetate. All treated wood had similar penetrations of Cu in wood during preservative treatment, Cu leaching from the treated wood in contact with water, corrosion of nails in contact with treated wood, and ability to protect wood from mold growth.     

人工林杉木木材力学性质对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以人工林杉木为试材,分别用空气和菜子油为介质,在温度为180,200和220 ℃对其分别热处理1,3和5 h,研究试材的抗弯强度(MOR)、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度对高温热处理条件变化的响应,同时对处理材的主要化学成分进行分析,用扫描电镜对处理材横切面微观结构进行观察.结果表明:人工林杉木试材的4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理的响应程度不同.无论是空气热处理还是油热处理,试材的MOR,MOE,顺纹抗压强度与对照比有不同程度的降低,且随处理温度升高、时间延长,下降幅度增大,相比于时间,温度的影响更显著;180 ℃热处理1,3和5 h时,试材的MOR,MOE与对照比未发生明显变化(降幅在3%以内),而顺纹抗压强度则明显低于对照,两介质中降低幅度分别在3.29%～9.58%和3.89%～7.18%;200 ℃以上处理时,不同时间处理的3种主要力学性质不仅显著或极显著低于对照,且各性质问的差异也达显著或极显著水平;对硬度的测试结果表明:180 ℃热处理时,试件的径面硬度和弦面硬度均随时间的延长而增大;200 ℃热处理3 h时,试件的硬度达最大,与对照差异达显著水平;随后热处理试件的硬度开始降低,220 ℃热处理5 h后试件的硬度又明显低于对照.在隔氧的油介质中进行热处理,4种主要力学性质的变化程度低于空气介质处理材,当温度高于200 ℃时,两介质处理间的差异达显著水平.而热处理过程中木材主要化学组成与横切面微观结构变化的差异,反映了4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理时表现出的响应差异.     

Static bending properties of Finnish birch wood

The purpose of this study was to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR) in the radial bending test for small, clear specimens of Finnish birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh) wood originating from mature trees. The dependency of MOE and MOR on the specific gravity of birch wood was studied, and the relationship between MOE and MOR was modelled at the different heights and at the different distances from the pith of the tree. For B. pendula, the mean values for MOE and MOR were 14.5 GPa and 114 MPa, whereas B. pubescens had means of 13.2 GPa and 104 MPa, respectively. At the corresponding specific gravity, the bending stiffness and strength values did not differ between the two species. The results indicated a linear relationship between the MOE and MOR, irrespective of the birch species or the within-stem location. Both MOE and MOR increased clearly from the pith towards the surface of the tree and decreased slightly from the base to the top of the tree. It seems that if products with as high stiffness and bending strength as possible are wanted, sorting of raw materials into different grades according to their within-tree origin can be of value.