赤芝G2深层发酵优化模式的研究

以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,研究了发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、C/N比、无机元素等营养因子和接种量、装液量、初始pH、转速等非营养因素对赤芝G2菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,赤芝G2规模发酵最适培养基配方为：豆饼粉2％,玉米粉3％,KH2PO40．1％和MgSO40．05％。发酵76h,菌丝体生物量最高(1．15g/100mL);发酵62h,胞内多糖含量最高(22．15％);发酵60h,胞外多糖含量最高(3．16％)。赤芝G2菌丝深层发酵的优化条件为：起始pH自然,种子液摇瓶装量40％,规模培养装液量20％,接种量10％,发酵培养时间76h。     

糙米为主要原料的灵芝深层发酵条件优化

对以糙米浆、麦芽汁和黄豆芽汁为培养基组成的灵芝深层发酵条件进行优化，结果表明：灵芝深层发酵的起始pH5．5、接种量10％、装液量40mL和接种菌龄5d时可以获得最大灵芝菌丝干重。方差分析表明装液量和接种菌龄对灵芝生长有显著影响。在优化发酵工艺条件下，发酵第7d胞外多糖产量达到5．7g／L。     

平菇液体菌种培养条件的研究

通过对平菇高邮918菌株进行培养基筛选,筛选出最佳培养基为玉米粉6％,KH2PO40．05％,MgSO4 0．05％,蔗糖1％,VB-10mg／L,pH自然。并对发酵条件进行正交试验,得出最佳组合装量150mL,温度30℃,转速150r／min,接种量15％。     

香菇液体菌种深层发酵工艺探索

在香菇菌种液体发酵培养基筛选、50 L发酵罐工艺试验的基础上,探索500 L发酵罐发酵工艺。发酵30h时p H开始降低;38 h时溶氧开始下降;120 h菌丝球固形物体积达92.16%;76 h~120 h流加碱(饱和Na_2CO_3溶液)频率最高;168 h发酵菌丝体接种栽培袋的菌丝体活力明显下降;192 h在显微镜下可观测到大量菌丝体片段;接种量在5 mL和10 mL时菌丝萌发最好。运用无菌培养接种罐接种(已申请专利),可有效降低接种环节培养基被污染的风险;香菇液体菌种深层发酵在24℃,p H4.5,溶氧量90%~98%,搅拌速率180 r·min-1条件下进行比较适宜;最佳接种时间为96 h~144 h,接种量为每个接种孔5 mL~10 mL。     

江西虫草液体深层培养条件优化

通过摇瓶液体培养实验，确定江西虫草培养基为蔗糖2％，甘油1％，黄豆浸液0．5％．酵母膏0．5％，KH2PO40．1％，MgSO40．05％，蒸馏水1000mL，初始pH6～7。装液量200～250mL／500mL，加入10粒分散球，按培养液量的5％～7．5％接种6d左右菌龄的菌种，于26～28℃、旋转式摇床150～180r／min培养8d，最大菌丝体生物量可达16．6g／L。     

黑木耳液体培养基筛选及发酵条件优化

研究了黑木耳液体菌种培养基最佳生产配方和最适条件。结果表明：黑木耳深层发酵培养基碳源以蔗糖为最好,氮源以豆粉为最好,最佳培养基配方为：5％蔗糖,0．15％豆粉,0．2％KH2PO4,0．25％MGS04,土豆汁20％,VB1 0．001％。初始pH值6．0;装液量100mL／250mL三角瓶;接种量1,3斜面;菌龄7～11d．     

大秃马勃深层培养条件初探

采用单因子设计及正交试验的方法，以测定大秃马勃Calvatia gigantea（Batsch ex Pers．）Lloy菌丝生产量为指标，对大秃马勃液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化研究。结果表明：最佳培养基配方为：玉米渣4％，蔗糖3％，硫酸铵1.3％，KH2PO4 1％，MgSO4 0．5％；最适发酵条件：温度为22～26％，发酵时间为5～6d，接种量5％-12．5％，装液量120～150mL／500mL三角瓶之间，摇瓶转速150-180r／min。     

大杯蕈深层液体培养研究初探

通过正交试验确定大杯蕈最佳发酵培养基：土豆20％,蔗糖3％,豆饼粉0．1％,KH2P040．20％,MgSO40．10％。在确定大杯蕈最佳发酵培养基条件下,分析发酵过程中菌丝鲜重、发酵液pH值及溶氧量的变化,最终确定：48h前为菌丝生长调整期,48～120h处于菌丝生长增殖生长期;发酵培养120h,菌丝鲜重即可达最大值32．2g,100mL。     

卫星灵芝2号深层发酵条件优化

对卫星灵芝2号菌株的液体深层发酵培养基及培养条件进行了研究。结果表明:最佳发酵培养基为:葡萄糖3%,豆饼粉1.5%,酵母膏1%,磷酸二氢钾0.1%,硫酸镁0.05%,VB11片/L,pH6.0。最佳摇瓶发酵条件为:发酵周期48h、接种量10%,装液量100mL,摇床转速180r/min,温度29℃,初始pH6.0。发酵条件优化后,菌丝体干重可达1.63g/100mL。     

抗番茄灰霉病菌的内生短短芽孢杆菌W4菌株发酵条件优化

为提高内生短短芽孢杆菌（Brevibacillus brevis）W4 菌株发酵液对番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）的抑菌活性，采用单因素试验与正交试验设计相结合，优化发酵培养基及发酵条件。结果表明，最佳发酵培养基为蛋白胨 2.0%、果糖 1.0%、NaCl 0.25%；最佳发酵条件为初始pH 8.0、接种种龄20 h、接种量5%、装液量50 mL（250 mL 三角瓶）、发酵温度35 ℃、摇床转速150 r·min^-1、发酵时间24 h。产生的发酵液稀释25 倍对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率达92.8%，比未经优化得到的发酵液提高26.9 个百分点。通过培养基和发酵条件优化，显著提高了短短芽孢杆菌W4 发酵液活性，为进一步提取分离抗番茄灰霉病菌的活性成分奠定了基础。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.