食品智能包装体系的研究进展

随着消费者对食品品质和安全性要求的不断提高，消费者对食品包装性能的要求也随之提高，并希望食品包装能够保证食品的质量、新鲜性和安全性。为了满足消费者的要求，智能包装技术便应运而生。它通过监视包装食品的环境，为消费者提供包装食品品质和安全性等信息。本文对食品智能包装体系的主要技术及其发展趋势进行了较全面的分析归纳。     

关于食品安全监管的探讨

食品安全问题越来越受到消费者的注意,也成为一个严重的社会问题。从食品安全存在的问题入手,对如何加强我国食品安全的监管提出对策。     

Use of Food Label Information by Trinidad Consumers and Implications for National Health

Nutritional information on food labels helps consumers make informed decisions about what they chose to consume. This study, conducted among 320 consumers in Trinidad, West Indies, examined consumers' use of various informational components of the label and the influence of health-related factors on use of such information. The study found that, although there was a fairly high reading of food label information, fats and sodium information were not given the required attention. Six variables—(a) diabetes; (b) allergies; (c) gender; (d) level of schooling; (e) fast food consumption; and (f) fiber consumption—significantly impacted the use of food label information.     

计算机在农产品食品安全领域的应用进展

阐述了计算机技术已经渗透到农产品食品质量安全的全部环节,如科学研究、原料获取、生产加工、仓储运输、市场销售、质量追溯与信息服务、检验检疫、监督管理和消费者教育,并依据发展趋势提出了建议。     

基于RFID技术的食品体系研究

食品安全是一个世界性的问题，因此食品安全追溯体系的建设在世界各国都在进行研究与应用。随着我国对外贸易的发展及国内消费水平的不断提高，食品安全也成为我国各级政府、生产与消费者都非常关心的一个问题，因此，食品安全追溯体系在我国食品及原料生产中的研究与应用日益迫切，RFID技术的研究与应用为食品安全追溯体系的建设提供了技术基础。本文根据RFID技术的特点，结合食品的生产、加工、储藏、运输、销售等各个环节可追溯的因素，分析了我国食品安全追溯体系的研究策略、共性关键技术及标准研究、实施方案、信息采集的范围与方法等，并指出了此项技术应用的优势和不足之处。     

食品安全的影响因素与保障措施探讨

随着农业生产环境的污染、农业种植和养殖业源头污染的日益加剧,以及食品市场管理存在的种种弊端,中国食品安全问题已成为新的关注视点。为了加强中国食品安全问题的研究,尽快构建中国食品安全管理体系,提高食品安全水平,增强食品国际竞争力,该文将影响食品安全的因素划分为污染及技术因素和管理因素,并对它们作了详尽的综述,在此基础上提出了保证食品安全的措施。     

Marketing Locally Produced Organic Foods in Three Metropolitan Arkansas Farmers’ Markets: Consumer Opinions and Food Safety Concerns

Consumers embrace local food systems as an alternative to the global corporate model, and nearly 75% of consumers in the United States purchase organic foods occasionally. To assess consumers’ knowledge of locally grown organic foods, surveys were administered at three metropolitan farmers’ markets in Little Rock, Hot Springs, and Texarkana, Arkansas. Consumers with Bachelor's, Associate's, or technical degrees accounted for almost half of the people surveyed. Seventy-one percent believed organic foods were safer than conventional foods. Three times as many consumers were concerned about harmful bacteria in conventional foods than in organic. The number one reason for purchasing was to support local farmers.     

Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants: A review

Effect of mineral fertilizers on the vitamin content of plants has received very little attention by scientists in English‐speaking countries, especially in recent years. A review of the literature, however, has revealed a rich source of information mostly published in non‐English journals. Based on these reports, nitrogen fertilizers, especially at high rates, seem to decrease the concentration of vitamin C in many different fruits and vegetables, among them potatoes, tomatoes and citrus fruits, the major sources of this vitamin in human nutrition in many societies. Nitrogen fertilizers are also shown to increase the concentrations of carotenes and vitamin B₁ in plants. Since excess use of nitrogen fertilizers increases the concentration of NO₃ in plant foods and simultaneously decreases that of ascorbic acid, a known inhibitor for the formation of carcinogenic N‐nitroso compounds from nitrite, it appears that the use of these fertilizers may have a double negative effect on the quality of food plants. Vitamin C and several carotenoids have antioxidant properties and reportedly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer. Whether long‐term consumption of food plants grown with excess use of nitrogen fertilizers would have an overall positive or negative effect on the total intake of antioxidative vitamins by consumers warrants investigation.     

基于无线射频识别的食品数字身份证设计及应用

食品质量安全可追溯体系对于保障食品安全具有重大意义.该文首先分析了食品数字身份证的具体需求,提出了通信安全性、系统的可用性、数据真实性、信息隐私性、信息权威性、可追溯性6个要求;然后对非对称加密算法NTRU(number theory research unit)和NTRU Sign数字签名算法进行了介绍,设计了安全认证协议,依据食品数字身份证的安全要求分析了安全性,建立了食品数字身份证.最后用食品数字身份证设计了电子酒类流通随附单,引入了生产商、销售商、消费者、认证中心4个角色,设立了认证注册、生产商信息写入、销售商信息写入和消费者验证4个过程,建立了系统应用原型,并分析了安全性,从根本上提高了电子酒类流通随附单的安全性和可信度.文章建立了食品数字身份证和酒类流通随附单,该工作对建立可靠、安全食品监管体系有十分重要的意义.     

催化式红外辐照改善樱桃番茄去皮效果及品质

为了探寻一种去皮效果好、产品品质破坏低和环境友好型的樱桃番茄去皮方法,该文采用催化式红外技术对樱桃番茄进行处理,研究了不同催化式红外条件对樱桃番茄去皮效果的影响,并与传统的去皮方式(热水和碱液去皮)和超声波去皮方式进行对比,比较其去皮效果、番茄红素含量、果肉色泽和质构等指标变化。结果表明:催化式红外在照射距离30cm和照射时间3min的条件下,樱桃番茄的去皮效果最佳;与传统的去皮方式相比,催化式红外的去皮效果显著提升(P0.05);并且经催化式红外去皮方法所得樱桃番茄的皮肉质量比仅为7.68%,显著降低了樱桃番茄的果肉损失(P0.05)。此外,催化式红外去皮很好地保持了去皮后番茄果肉形状的完整度,是一种去皮效果良好的环境友好型樱桃番茄去皮方式。     

食品安全信息预警系统的研究与设计

为了实现计算机系统对食品安全风险的自动报警与智能决策,该文以国家食品安全标准为安全指标,研究了食品安全信息风险的量化算法和计算机软件实现方法。针对可能出现的不同食品安全风险,提出了依据检测数据和其它监管信息,将食品安全信息风险分为5个等级的数据模型。并结合牛奶检测实例,探讨了将此数学模型编程实现计算机软件系统的关键步骤和技术。实际应用结果表明该系统的可操作性和科学性,可以对不同的食品安全事件发出预警,实现预警的系统性和连贯性。     

Mobile Phone Usage for Accessing Agricultural Information in Southern Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Ethiopia to determine the use of mobile phones in agriculture. The study included 320 household heads who owned mobile phones. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The results revealed that the majority (90.6%) of household heads made phone calls for agricultural purposes. Over three quarters (85.9%) of the household heads received phone calls related to agriculture. Short message service (SMS) was poorly used. It is concluded that mobile phones are playing an important role as an informational medium. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture in Ethiopia needs to develop a mobile-based agricultural information dissemination system to enhance information delivery to rural farming households.     

物联网在农业生产与食品安全中的应用

在我国农业生产流通中,生产效率和食品安全是必须考虑的两个重要问题,物联网可以很好地解决这些问题,但是物联网在农业上广泛应用也面临着一些实际困难。     

基于RFID和EPC物联网的水产品供应链可追溯平台开发

为实现对水产品流通过程的全程追溯,该文以供应链为视角,以罗非鱼为具体研究对象,立足消费者、企业和政府监管部门等三方,本着可跟踪、可追溯、可召回等基本目标,设计并开发了基于射频识别（radio frequency identification,RFID）和产品电子代码（electronic product code,EPC）物联网的,包含养殖管理系统、加工管理系统、配送管理系统、销售管理系统、查询监管系统5个子系统的水产品供应链可追溯平台,并着重对平台的对象名称服务（object name service,ONS）和EPC信息服务（electronic product code information service,EPCIS）进行了详细的设计与实现,利用该平台可以实现水产品从养殖、加工、配送到销售的全程跟踪与追溯。该研究可为水产品供应链可追溯系统模型与软件的开发提供参考。     

同位素溯源技术在食品安全中的应用

疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感疫病等对食品安全管理带来新的压力,对人类健康构成了极大的威胁,给疫病发生国造成了严重的经济损失,并带来社会恐慌。同位素溯源技术是国际上目前用于追溯不同来源食品和实施产地保护的有效工具之一,在食品安全污染物溯源领域有着广阔的应用前景,一些发达国家纷纷开展此领域的研究。本文阐述了同位素溯源技术的基本原理,比较了同位素溯源技术与其他溯源技术的区别与联系,综述了国内外研究进展,提出了我国在同位素溯源技术方面应开展的研究工作,旨在推动我国食品安全追溯制度的建立与完善,保障食品安全,保证消费者身体健康。     

基于农产品供应链的质量安全可追溯系统

为加强农产品质量安全管理,保证消费者身体健康,从农产品供应链的角度出发,提出基于农产品供应链的质量安全可追溯系统的设计方案。在危害分析和关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)管理体系的指导下,利用二维码技术、数据库技术、网络信息技术进行系统的构建和开发,实现了农产品在整个供应链上从种植、采收、加工到销售的全程跟踪和溯源,有效地加强了对农产品质量安全的监管,保证消费者最终知情权。目前,该系统在江苏江阴地区实际测试效果良好,验证了方案的可行性和有效性。     

Knowledge Assessment,Improved Storage Techniques,and Training of Local Processors and Vendors of Soy Products on Food Safety Practices in South West Nigeria

This study assessed the food safety knowledge, practices, and training needs of local processors and vendors of soy products in South West Nigeria. Ninety women, processors, and vendors were interviewed using a structured interview schedule about their training in food processing; knowledge of food hygiene, spoilage, and poisoning; primary source of water for processing; method of refuse disposal; types of toilet facilities; and hand washing, storage, and packaging practices. Laboratory studies were conducted to improve the storage of soymilk and soy cheese displayed for daily sale and to develop training in good food safety practices for local processors and vendors as an intervention strategy.     

散养模式下猪只个体标识及溯源体系的建立

为了猪肉安全生产的监管和满足食品消费者的知情权,保障猪肉食品的公共安全,论文采用标识技术、PDA移动智能识读技术、GPRS技术和Internet等技术,结合中国“畜禽标识及养殖档案管理办法”,提出了猪只散养模式下养殖过程信息的采集技术方案,设计了散养模式下养殖过程信息的元数据结构及相应的mobile数据表,开发了猪只移动养殖环节数据采集记录与传输的嵌入式系统,与面向政府监管和消费者查询的公共网络平台实现了移动互联。所开发的移动系统能够实现猪只耳标的移动识别、包括饲料、兽药使用和违禁药品监测等各种事件的移动记录,及时向溯源数据库移动系统提交出栏猪只的养殖数据,同样可远程维护散养猪只的养殖档案数据,最终实现散养模式下从生产源头到消费终端的跟踪和溯源。该移动数据采集系统,解决了中国养猪业主体模式——农户散养模式下猪只养殖电子档案建立的难题,并经在天津猪肉质量溯源体系中的实际应用证明是可行的,个别技术瓶颈随通讯技术的发展将得到解决,其全面实施将为保证中国农户养殖模式下生猪及其产品溯源体系与制度的建设提供技术支撑。