大鲵虹彩病毒贵州分离株MCP基因的克隆与B细胞表位预测

为了研究大鲵虹彩病毒(GSIV)MCP基因以及预测其B细胞表位,试验采用PCR方法扩增大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因,采用生物学软件对大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因的氨基酸序列进行B细胞表位预测分析。结果表明:扩增产物大小为1 392 bp,将该序列与Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因中的中国分离株核苷酸相似性为99.8%。MCP蛋白有多个抗原表位位点,抗原性指数较高,而这些区域可能是B细胞抗原表位区域。说明预测的结构、亲水性、柔性区域和抗原指数可用于大鲵虹彩病毒亚单位疫苗和分子诊断试剂的研究。     

禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白A的克隆测序与生物信息分析

本文旨在克隆禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白OmpA的编码基因,并预测OmpA蛋白二级结构和B细胞抗原表位,从而探讨禽波氏杆菌外膜蛋白OmpA在免疫保护中所起的作用。作者对禽波氏杆菌的外膜蛋白ompA基因进行PCR扩增、克隆及序列测定。应用生物信息学相关软件和方法,对禽波氏杆菌OmpA蛋白的二级结构和B细胞抗原表位进行预测。禽波氏杆菌ompA基因全长597bp,编码199个氨基酸。二级结构以无规卷曲为主,有少量的α-螺旋和β-片层,少见β-转角;推测OmpA蛋白有5个B细胞优势抗原表位区域、2个糖基化位点。本研究为进一步分析禽波氏杆菌免疫机理、制备单克隆抗体和设计表位疫苗等奠定理论基础。     

猪丹毒杆菌SpaA基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

旨在克隆猪丹毒杆菌表面保护性抗原A(surface protein A,SpaA)的编码基因,并预测该蛋白的二级结构和B细胞抗原表位,从而探讨猪丹毒杆菌SpaA蛋白在免疫保护中所起的作用.首先对猪丹毒杆菌SpaA基因进行PCR扩增、克隆和测序,并进行同源性比较.应用生物信息学方法,对猪丹毒杆菌SpaA蛋白的二级结构和B细胞抗原表位进行预测.结果显示,猪丹毒杆菌SpaA基因全长1 881 bp,编码626个氨基酸,发育进化树结果表明分离的2株猪丹毒杆菌菌株与GenBank中其他菌株在进化树中关系较远,自成一个分支.二级结构的预测结果显示该蛋白主要以无规则卷曲、α螺旋和延伸链为主,只有少数的β转角；推测该蛋白有14个B细胞优势抗原表位区域、8个N-肉豆蔻酰化位点.该研究为进一步分析猪丹毒杆菌免疫机理、表位疫苗设计等奠定理论基础.     

口蹄疫病毒O型泛亚株VP1蛋白的二级结构及抗原表位预测

为获得口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）O/PanAsia毒株VPl蛋白的抗原信息,从而为制备多肽疫苗提供理论依据,运用生物信息学软件,对O/PanAsia毒株的结构蛋白VP1理化性质、结构功能以及细胞表位进行分析,预测抗原表位以选择合适肽段。应用ProParam、TMHMM Server、ProScale和SignaIP 等在线工具,分析VP1蛋白氨基酸序列,运用计算机技术和分子生物学软件,分析预测VP1蛋白的基本理化性质、结构功能以及可能的B细胞和T细胞抗原表位,筛选B细胞表位肽段并对VP1的两个主要T细胞表位CTL和Th细胞表位进行预测。结果显示：O/PanAsia毒株VP1 蛋白的等电点为9.49,相对分子质量为23 520.83;VP1蛋白的B细胞表位为8~23、135~149和193~205位氨基酸。预测该VP1有10个CTL和10个Th细胞抗原表位,表明其具有较好的免疫原性;最终筛选出VP1蛋白的5个CTL和5个Th优势表位。用生物信息学方法预测O/PanAsia毒株VPl蛋白为稳定性蛋白,含有T、B淋巴细胞抗原表位。本研究为FMDV的进一步研究和疫苗制备奠定了基础。     

华支睾吸虫副肌球蛋白功能区基因的序列分析及B细胞抗原表位预测

为了阐明华支睾吸虫副肌球蛋白(paramyosin,Pmy)的生物学特性,试验对其功能区的C段(PmyC)基因进行克隆、序列分析及B细胞抗原表位预测,采用TRIzol法提取华支睾吸虫成虫的总RNA,将其反转录成cDNA,再利用PCR方法对PmyC基因进行扩增,将其连接到pMD 18-T载体上进行克隆、测序,并利用DNAStar软件进行序列分析,同时利用生物学软件DNAStar 5. 0对B细胞抗原表位进行预测。结果表明:该虫体PmyC序列长度为903 bp,A+T含量为52. 6%,与NCBI上的华支睾吸虫囊虫幼、麝后睾吸虫、卫氏并殖吸虫和日本血吸虫核苷酸序列的同源性分别为99. 4%、94. 0%、75. 0%和71. 1%。蛋白二级结构预测显示,PmyC蛋白主要由8个α-螺旋、2个β-折叠和3个β-转角构成。B细胞抗原表位预测显示,在该蛋白中有2个B细胞抗原表位。说明华支睾吸虫副肌球蛋白(CsPmy)具有成为抗原分子的潜能。     

PPVVP2基因与PCV2ORF2不同抗原表位重组真核表达载体的构建及其免疫原性

为了研究PCV2ORF2的不同抗原表位重组PPVVP2基因真核表达质粒的体外表达情况与免疫原性,分别以PCV2SC株和PPVSC-1株为模板,扩增PCV2ORF2的抗原表位基因A、B、c（A：117～131aa,B：157～183aa,C：165～200aa）和PPVVP2基因。将A、B、C基因分别与PPVVP2基因串联,并插入到pCI真核表达载体中,构建了能同时表达PPVVP2蛋白和PCV20RF2抗原表位的重组质粒pCI—A—VP2、pCI13-Vp2、pCI—C—VP2。将重组真核表达质粒转染MDBK细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测各个质粒在细胞中的表达情况;并将其免疫小鼠,采用MTT比色法、流式细胞术和ELISA法检测免疫效果。结果显示,3种重组表达质粒转染细胞48h后都能检测到较强的免疫荧光;免疫小鼠后14～42d诱导的T淋巴细胞转化效率、CD4＋／CD8＋细胞比值以及PPV和PCV2抗体均显著高于对照组,且pCI—13-VP2免疫效率高于其他组。该结果表明PCV2ORF2上157～183aa抗原表位在3个抗原表位中抗原性最强,可作为PCV2与其他病毒二联疫苗研究的主要抗原表位。     

PPV VP2基因与PCV2 ORF2不同抗原表位重组真核表达载体的构建及其免疫原性

为了研究PCV2ORF2的不同抗原表位重组PPV VP2基因真核表达质粒的体外表达情况与免疫原性,分别以PCV2SC株和PPV SC-1株为模板,扩增PCV2ORF2的抗原表位基因A、B、C(A:117～131aa,B:157～183aa,C:165～200aa)和PPV VP2基因。将A、B、C基因分别与PPV VP2基因串联,并插入到pCI真核表达载体中,构建了能同时表达PPV VP2蛋白和PCV2ORF2抗原表位的重组质粒pCI-A-VP2、pCI-B-VP2、pCI-C-VP2。将重组真核表达质粒转染MDBK细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测各个质粒在细胞中的表达情况;并将其免疫小鼠,采用MTT比色法、流式细胞术和ELISA法检测免疫效果。结果显示,3种重组表达质粒转染细胞48h后都能检测到较强的免疫荧光;免疫小鼠后14～42d诱导的T淋巴细胞转化效率、CD4+/CD8+细胞比值以及PPV和PCV2抗体均显著高于对照组,且pCI-B-VP2免疫效率高于其他组。该结果表明PCV2ORF2上157～183aa抗原表位在3个抗原表位中抗原性最强,可作为PCV2与其他病毒二联疫苗研究的主要抗原表位。     

山羊口疮病毒四川分离株F1L基因分子特征分析及抗原表位预测

为明确山羊口疮病毒（ORFV）四川分离株F1L基因分子特征并预测抗原表位,本试验利用生物信息学软件分析四川分离株ORFV F1L基因,并预测其编码蛋白的二、三级结构和B细胞表位。将F1L基因克隆转化后测序,用Mega 7.0软件比对分析该基因与其他地区来源的ORFV F1L基因的变异情况,利用SOPMA服务器预测F1L蛋白的二级结构,以DNAStar软件预测其亲水性、表面可及性、柔韧性及抗原性,以ABCpred方案作为验证并输出B细胞表位,在SWISS-MODEL服务器预测三级结构后,进一步在建模区域再验证抗原表位,最终回归蛋白质序列比对。结果显示,四川分离株ORFV F1L基因大小为1 029 bp,编码342个氨基酸,基因及其编码蛋白较其他地区来源毒株有一定变异;F1L蛋白预测分析存在9个可能B细胞表位,综合三级结构预测,其122-137肽段为最优表位;所预测的四川分离株ORFV F1L蛋白优势抗原表位较其他地区具有一定特异性,较多地区在124、131、137位氨基酸出现不同。本研究结果为四川地区ORFV基因工程疫苗及特异性检测方法的研究提供了理论依据。     

山羊口疮病毒四川分离株F1L基因分子特征分析及抗原表位预测

为明确山羊口疮病毒(ORFV)四川分离株F1L基因分子特征并预测抗原表位,本试验利用生物信息学软件分析四川分离株ORFVF1L基因,并预测其编码蛋白的二、三级结构和B细胞表位。将F1L基因克隆转化后测序,用Mega 7.0软件比对分析该基因与其他地区来源的ORFV F1L基因的变异情况,利用SOPMA服务器预测F1L蛋白的二级结构,以DNAStar软件预测其亲水性、表面可及性、柔韧性及抗原性,以ABCpred方案作为验证并输出B细胞表位,在SWISS-MODEL服务器预测三级结构后,进一步在建模区域再验证抗原表位,最终回归蛋白质序列比对。结果显示,四川分离株ORFVF1L基因大小为1 029bp,编码342个氨基酸,基因及其编码蛋白较其他地区来源毒株有一定变异;F1L蛋白预测分析存在9个可能B细胞表位,综合三级结构预测,其122—137肽段为最优表位;所预测的四川分离株ORFV F1L蛋白优势抗原表位较其他地区具有一定特异性,较多地区在124、131、137位氨基酸出现不同。本研究结果为四川地区ORFV基因工程疫苗及特异性检测方法的研究提供了理论依据。     

非洲猪瘟病毒p72蛋白抗原表位预测分析及多表位疫苗的构建

为了预测非洲猪瘟病毒2018/AnhuiXCGQ株p72蛋白的T、B淋巴细胞抗原表位,并完成多表位疫苗的构建。试验采用生物信息学技术ExPASy、SOMPA、PSIPRED Server、DNASTAR及Phyre对该蛋白的理化性质、二级结构、三级结构进行初步预测分析,运用ABCpred Prediction、Scratch、NetCTL及IEDB预测其T、B淋巴细胞表位,最终设计构建得到多表位疫苗。依据各生物学方法分析预测,得到B淋巴细胞优势表位:110～120、77～88、45～55、12～18、27～37位置;T淋巴细胞优势表位298～307、520～531、203～212位置,并设计得到T、B淋巴细胞表位表达盒,ExPASy预测表示该表位盒为亲水性蛋白。以此多表位表达盒为目的基因,以pET-28a构建设计多表位疫苗。表明该蛋白有多个潜在抗原表位,并可依据预测得到的蛋白二级结构、三级结构等参数信息及多个预测抗原位点构建ASFV多表位疫苗,表达纯化用于免疫试验。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.