浅析当前养猪生产疫病控制中存在的问题及对策

当前,养猪市场形势虽然十分看好,但生猪疫病发生率却显著上升,导致养猪经济效益下降,严重制约养猪业的发展。为此,笔者进行调查分析,找出了当前生猪生产疫病控制中存在的问题及对策,现浅析如下:1当前生猪生产疫病控制中存在的问题1.1调运方面的问题1.1.1生猪流动频繁。饲养生猪     

浅析当前养猪生产疫病控制中存在的问题及对策

当前，养猪市场形势虽然十分看好，但生猪疫病发生率却显著上升，导致养猪经济效益下降，严重制约养猪业的发展。为此，笔者进行调查分析，找出了当前生猪生产疫病控制中存在的问题及对策，现浅析如下。     

危害养猪生产的几点思考

近年来,生猪业的迅猛发展,规模化猪场的快速增加,生猪的疫病却愈来愈复杂,给规模化养猪生产造成巨大危害,生猪疫病控制面临严峻挑战。1新疫病不断增多,老疫病反复流行随着当前生猪规模化养殖得到长足发展,但盲目引种及商品猪的流通增多,许多新的疫病也大量传入,给规模化养殖造成巨大危害,经济损失严重,如蓝耳病、因环病毒病等在各地均有发生;同时一些疫病对机体的免疫系统造成破坏,引起抗体水平不断下降,致使原已得到控制的疫情又重新抬头,如猪气喘病、链球菌、猪瘟、猪肺疫等。2多种疫病混合感染越来越突出由于新疫病的大量传入,老疫病的重…     

安全猪肉生产中的疫病防治与药残控制

生产无公害猪肉不仅仅是国内消费市场的需要，而且是我国猪肉走出国门，占领国际市场的必由之路。因此，生产安全猪肉，发展绿色养殖已成为当前养猪生产的首要问题。加强对猪肉生产过程中的疫病防治和兽药使用方面的管理，尽快解决“安全猪肉”生产方面存在的问题，扩大出口贸易，是我国养猪生产及管理部门一项十分紧迫的任务。为此，承担了农业科技跨越计划项目《生猪全程无害化生产技术试验示范》，     

推广应用生猪重大疫病综合防控技术

如东县是闻名全国的养猪生产大县,年产优质苗猪495万头,畅销全国;年出栏优质瘦肉型商品猪90万头左右,获得了显著的养猪生产效益。然而,时有发生的生猪重大疫病,严重威胁着养猪业持续健康发展。如东县曾多次发生过猪瘟、链球菌病等生猪疫病,不但妨碍了养猪生产的正常经营活动,而且还给全县养猪生产造成了较大经济损失。     

养猪场疫病防治存在的问题及对策

随着畜牧业生产的深入发展,生猪的养殖方式正逐步向规模化、集约化方向转型。生猪养殖方式的转变,也带来了猪场疫病防控问题。据调查了解,我们地区猪群由各种疫病导致猪只死亡率达8%以上,直接经济损失几亿元。因此说,猪的疫病是制约养猪发展的重要问题。     

规模化猪场的消毒与隔离

20世纪90年代以来,我国规模化养猪生产发展迅速,但由于预防管理滞后,猪的疫病种类也增多,疫情日趋复杂,继发感染、混合感染日益严重,疫病控制和净化难度加大,生猪死淘率居高不下,直接影响着养猪生产的经济效益.     

养猪场必须具备的动物防疫条件及措施

目前,栖霞市生猪生产价高利好,大大激发了广大农户饲养生猪的热情,不少人从去年开始就投资建设生猪养殖场,养猪生产出现了近年来少有的好势头.然而,养殖业的劲敌--动物疫病也越来越猖獗,动物疫病严重困扰着养猪生产.养殖业必须本着"预防为主、防重于治、养防结合"的原则来发展.为更好地预防疫病和提高避免动物疫病的风险,笔者认为,除制定并严格执行防疫操作规程外,必须综合考虑,从猪场建设开始,做好提高动物防疫条件的准备.     

猪疫病防控及治疗措施

生猪疫病传播迅速,死亡率较高,若不及时防控极容易威胁猪群的健康,影响人类的饮食以及安全,基于此防控以及治疗生猪疫病意义重大.本文就生猪疫病防控以及治疗措施进行了综述,旨在提升生猪疫病防治水平,促进我国养猪产业持续健康发展.     

当前生猪养殖趋势和疫病防控措施

2006年上半年，生猪养殖在价格低谷期和疫病等因素的影响下，散养户纷纷落马，规模养猪场也损失不小。2007年4、5月份，生猪价格暴涨，让消费者叫苦不迭，养猪业着实赚了一把。2008年，生猪价格连续9个月下跌，直逼猪粮比价5．5：1，很多因追逐养猪高利而扩大生产规模的养殖户都处于亏损边缘。当前，业界普遍预期生猪养殖业将走熊市。本人对近些年养猪业进行调查反思，归纳如下，供同行参考。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.