毛竹笋用林春笋冬出覆盖技术

毛竹笋用林采用覆盖技术后,竹笋产量和产值均可得到大幅度提高,经济效益十分显著。覆盖的主要技术为选择立地条件好、经营水平较高的毛竹笋用林,通过肥水管理,达到竹笋高产。在覆盖过程中,应注意覆盖厚度和覆盖时间,特别是覆盖时间,应在平均气温10℃以下时进行,并使地温保持在16℃以上,即可达到提早出笋的目的。     

毛竹笋用林覆盖促成栽培技术

毛竹是我国面积最大、分布范围最广、经济价值最高的竹种.为了促进毛竹笋用林覆盖促成技术的推广,进一步提高毛竹笋竹林的经济效益.根据多年的生产经验及毛竹春笋早产丰产原理,总结了毛竹笋用林覆盖促成栽培中竹林选择与管理、覆盖材料及覆盖方法、时间等几个关键技术,提出了覆盖促成栽培需要注意的问题,并分析了毛竹笋用林覆盖促成栽培的经济效益及应用前景.     

浙江毛竹笋用林覆盖技术推广存在的问题与对策

覆盖技术是浙江省大力推广的一项提升毛竹笋用林生态效益和经济效益的生产技术,能够极大地促进农民增收致富。文章在分析毛竹笋用林覆盖主要技术措施和存在问题的基础上,提出了对策与建议。文章认为在技术推广过程中,存在着投入高、劳动力不足、管理粗放、竹笋深加工不足等问题,需要政府在资金、政策和技术培训等方面给予支持和引导。     

毛竹笋用林培育技术

毛竹是1种优良的用材林和经济林树种,它生长快、成材早、产量高、材质好、用途广、收益大、价值高,属林业生产上的“短、平、快”种类,尤其是竹笋笋味鲜美,营养丰富,并且属于保健减肥食品。毛竹笋用林的建立,改变了长期以来毛竹单一生长竹材的经营方向,由粗放经营向集约经营发展,有利于发挥毛竹资源的优势。湖北省毛竹笋用林根据经营方式和主产品不同,可分为两类:一类以生产竹笋为主的竹林,称为专门笋用林,另一类是将竹材和竹笋同时作为主产品的竹林,称为笋竹两用林,前者比后者培育更为精细,技术要求更高。我省笋用林主要以笋竹两用林为…     

毛竹笋用林培育技术

毛竹笋用林对立地条件的要求比一般林种要高.笋用林基地应建在交通方便、有利于竹林培育管理和竹笋加工运输、地势平缓(坡度18～25度)、避风向阳的山脚或山谷地带.要求土层深厚,深度60～100厘米,有机质及矿物质养分丰富,排水及通气性能良好,pH5～6的壤土或砂质壤土.现将笋用林的栽培技术综合如下.     

浙江湖州市毛竹笋用林经营现状与对策分析

毛竹笋用林是湖州市广大林农的主要收入来源,但随着社会经济的发展,农村劳动力的外移严重影响着笋用林的正常经营。文中基于对东林镇3个村30户农户的调查,分析了笋用林经营和经济效益下降的原因,提出了加快林地林权合理流转、加大科技投入、积极探索经营性专业合作社和促进经营规模化等建议。     

浙江安吉毛竹笋用林高产培育技术

浙江省安吉县素有“中国竹乡”之称，竹产业一直是县域经济发展的支柱产业，发展毛竹笋用林对实现竹林可持续发展、促进山区农民共同富裕具有重要意义。通过试验研究，文章总结出一套毛竹笋高产培育技术措施。结果表明，采用高产培育技术措施的毛竹林平均笋产量可达到1 746.4 kg/667 m²，较对照处理增加5.1倍；其中，鞭笋产量增加11.8倍，冬笋产量增加9.4倍，春笋产量增加4.5倍。研究提出的毛竹笋高产培育技术措施对发展毛竹笋用林具有重要的推广价值。     

毛竹笋用丰产林地下鞭根系统调查分析

本文通过对毛竹笋用丰产林１４块地地下鞭根系统的调查表明：毛竹笋用林的地下鞭根系统主要集中在１０～３０ｃｍ深的土层中,竹鞭、竹根、鞭根以及竹 鞭上的侧芽都以这２０ｃｍ土层为最多,因此在笋用林的培育管理中主要是高好这层的工作,使其多发鞭,多出笋,提高竹林的经济效益。     

浙江湖州不同经营类型竹林土壤持水能力比较

对湖州市4种经营类型的竹林土壤蓄水能力进行了研究。结果表明:4种经营类型竹林土壤层最大持水量的变化范围为1 951.68~2 352.47 t/hm²,土壤总孔隙度的变化范围为48.79%~58.68%,其中毛竹材用林和毛竹笋用林之间存在着极显著差异,其余各类型间无显著差异。林地水源涵养能力依次为毛竹材用林>杂竹林(刚竹、淡竹)>早竹林>毛竹笋用林,毛竹材用林和杂竹林的林地持水能力要好于毛竹笋用林和早竹林。各经营类型竹林0~20cm和>20~40cm土层土壤的容重均无显著差异,总孔隙度、最大持水量均表现为上层大于下层,说明竹鞭分布的深浅及人为增施有机肥,影响着竹林土壤的物理性质和持水能力。     

毛竹笋用林安全高效培育现状分析

毛竹笋具有极高的食用保健价值，竹产业在中国林业产业中占据非常重要的地位。在当前食品安全问题备受人们关注的背景下，如何安全高效培育毛竹笋用林、实现竹林经营从丰产高效模式向安全生产模式转变已成为笋用林经营的重点。文章概述了毛竹笋用林主要栽培技术，分析了笋用林安全生产中存在的问题，提出了今后实现笋用林安全生产应重点突破的领域。     

人工林与绿色经济

发展绿色经济已是全球共识,研究人工林与绿色经济的关系对推动人工林健康快速发展具有重要意义。文中概述了全球及我国人工林发展现状、绿色经济的内涵与特征以及人工林在绿色经济中的定位,分析了发展绿色经济给人工林带来的机遇及挑战,综述了林业发达国家在人工林培育中针对发展绿色经济在技术措施、政策法规以及管理方式上采取的转型措施;基于以上的分析和讨论,提出我国人工林建设为适应和推动绿色经济,在培育多功能人工林、发展林下经济、执行参与式方法、建设和完善法律法规、加强技术措施研究等方面应采取的措施和对策。     

An approach to achieve sustainable development goals through participatory land and forest conservation: a case study in South Kalimantan Province,Indonesia

The delivery of sustainable development goals (SDGs) through a participatory land and forest conservation initiative was evaluated in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The initiative focused on the rehabilitation of a 410 ha forest that was managed by local villagers. A forest rehabilitation and management initiative was developed through participatory action, establishing a well-managed rubber plantation that provided new livelihood opportunities. Poverty reduction was promoted, evidenced by a reduction in inequality amongst the local community. Between 2010 and 2018 the Gini coefficient of inequality declined from 34.6% to 31.3%, demonstrating a contribution to SDGs 1 (No Poverty) and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). In addition, forest rehabilitation resulted in improved carbon stock and biodiversity management contributing to SDG15 (Life on Land). This was attributed to successful forest rehabilitation and the reduced incidence of forest fires. Cooperation amongst local villagers categorized as living in poor households was improved, facilitated by capacity building. This focused on rubber plantation management, cooperative action, and firefighting activities. This capacity building contributed to the delivery of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Results from a socio-economic survey demonstrated that group activities and cooperation amongst stakeholders were essential to improve both livelihoods and forest management practices.     

杨柳流域社区参与式森林经营调查分析

社区参与式森林经营是近10年来尝试采用的一种新的森林经营发展模式.本文在对杨柳流域社区森林经营调查的基础上,分析了社区参与式森林经营的现状及存在的问题,提出了加强参与式森林经营的建议和措施.     

参与性方法在社区集体林经营管理中的应用

本文对在社区开发的参与性集体林经营管理的试点研究案例进行了深入的总结分析，详细阐述了参与性方法在社区集体林经营管理中应用的基本步骤和方法；通过剖析项目人员对应用参与性方法的认识；充分揭示了参与性的实质及其与社区森林持续有效的经营管理的密切关系。     

国家公园管理研究进展

国家公园是自然保护地最主要的形式之一。由于中国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情以及人口总量和分布特征与西方国家具有较大差异,当前中国国家公园管理存在法律体系不健全、协调机制不到位和资金供给主体不清晰等问题。文中在讨论国家公园管理逻辑的基础上,从社区管理、运营管理、资金管理3个方面总结国家公园管理研究进展,分析国家公园管理研究的主要脉络,提出未来中国国家公园管理研究的发展方向。     

Soil compaction and chestnut ink disease

Chestnut ink disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, a soil‐borne pathogen of world‐wide distribution, accounts for the majority of disease problems on chestnuts in Portugal, limiting yield in a large number of stands and impeding establishment of trees in new areas. A survey was carried out in 32 chestnut stands in the Padrela Mountains of northern Portugal to investigate the relationship among ink disease occurrence, edaphic factors and management practices. A logistic regression function was employed to analyze the effect of soil attributes and management practices on the stand health status. Results showed that the main factors affecting disease were soil compaction (COMP), soil organic matter level (OM) and manuring practice (MA). A logistic model containing the soil variable COMP and the interaction term OM × MA correctly predicted the stand health status in 94%, or 30, of the 32 stands studied. The logistic function coefficients indicate that the probability of a stand having ink disease increases with increasing soil compaction and increasing soil organic matter content in stands where manuring is the usual practice.     

应用参与式方法编制集体林经营方案初探

分析了我国过去编制集体林经营方案存在的问题,提出了以行政村为单元、以农户为主体,用参与式方法编制集体林经营方案的合理性,初步探讨了应用参与式方法编制集体林经营方案的基本过程和主要内容,对应用参与式方法开展集体林经营方案编制工作提出了初步建议。     

Strategies for Managing Protected Areas

Abstract

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has assumed increasing importance in protected area management throughout the developing world. Largely a response to previous state-centered protectionist policies, CBNRM seeks to simultaneously promote community development and biodiversity conservation. Where human populations exist within state-controlled protected areas, successful application of CBNRM requires a legal basis for community participation in resource decision-making. Community management agreements (CMAs) are one contractual mechanism that can provide this foundation. Their goals are to: (1) resolve issues of land tenure; (2) devolve authority and guarantee rights of access to communities; and (3) establish conditions that promote subsequent management planning and activities. This chapter examines three case studies involving the use of CMAs within the Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve (RECAY), part of the Condor Bioreserve of central Ecuador. CMAs were found to be successful in achieving the first two goals mentioned above, but had mixed success in achieving the third. CMAs should: (1) devolve decision-making, implementation, and conflict resolution powers to communities; (2) clearly define rights and responsibilities for all parties; and (3) guarantee continual government oversight and support. Although their applicability may be limited to certain circumstances, criteria should be developed to guide their future implementation in Ecuador and internationally.