四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较

四川牡丹（Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.）结实量大,专性种子繁殖,具油用开发潜力。对7个不同野生居群的四川牡丹种子千粒质量、种仁出油率、籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行了测定,并探讨其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明：四川牡丹不同居群种子千粒质量平均为（311.65 ± 46.45）g,平均种仁出油率32.23% ± 1.96%,居群间差异显著（P < 0.05）;籽油中共检测到7种主要脂肪酸：棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生一烯酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.94% ~ 93.70%,亚麻酸相对含量高达40.45% ~ 47.68%,不同居群籽油脂肪酸组分相对含量存在差异;土壤有效钾含量与种子出油率呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,土壤有机质、全氮含量与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,其他脂肪酸组分与土壤因子相关性不显著。     

用生物膜组分鉴定柑桔的抗寒性

采用抗寒性不同的几个柑桔品种的叶片、枝韧皮部以及种子作样品,研究其生物膜组分与抗寒性的关系。发现叶片膜脂脂肪酸中,亚麻酸、亚油酸及棕榈酸的含量均与抗寒性成极显著相关,亚麻酸/亚油酸、亚麻酸/棕榈酸及脂肪酸不饱和指数亦与抗寒性成极显著相关。枝韧皮部及种子的膜脂脂肪酸亦与抗寒性有着密切的关系。检测出叶片8种磷脂组分,其中,磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰甘油的含量与抗寒性成显著正相关,而磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酸的含量与抗寒性成显著负相关,磷脂酰肌醇和双磷脂酰甘油与抗寒性相关不显著。     

油梨‘桂研10号’种子主要化学成分分析

采集广西南宁的油梨品种‘桂研10号’,检测其种子中含水量、灰分、粗脂肪、脂肪酸成分、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、总酚和总黄酮含量。结果表明,油梨种子含水量最高,其次是可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量。此外,粗脂肪、总酚和总黄酮含量也较高。种子中共含有22种脂肪酸成分,其中肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主要脂肪酸成分。棕榈酸相对含量最高,达到47.94%,其次为亚油酸,相对含量达到28.94%。种子中饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高,其次为多不饱和脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最低。通过分析油梨种子主要化学成分含量,为油梨种子中的化学成分在农业加工等行业的应用提供一定的参考依据。     

青海核桃种质资源内含物多样性研究

以青海省不同核桃分布区的地方核桃坚果为试材,分别采用凯氏定氮法、索氏抽提法和气相色谱法测定了112份核桃仁蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量和主要脂肪酸组成成分及含量,分析了不同地区核桃内含物的多样性和含量变异程度。结果表明:地方核桃的蛋白质平均含量为15.97%,粗脂肪平均含量为64.26%,主要脂肪酸及平均含量依次为亚油酸55.49%、油酸24.70%、亚麻酸11.66%、棕榈酸6.05%、硬脂酸1.98%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达91.85%;除此之外,地方核桃脂肪酸组成成分相同,但含量有显著差异。     

南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组成及其遗传多样性

 采用气—质联用（GC–MS）技术对30个南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组分及其遗传多样性进行了研究,并与4个华北栽培杏品种进行了比较。在参试的30个南疆杏品种杏仁油中共鉴定出包括油酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等15种脂肪酸成分,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的83.26% ~ 88.81%,各品种均以油酸含量最高,亚油酸次之,棕榈酸第三,存在“高油酸、高亚油酸、低棕榈酸”的优异种质;南疆杏与华北杏杏仁油脂肪酸组成较为接近,均以不饱和脂肪酸为主,脂肪酸组分的含量在各品种间亦存在差异,变异系数分别为6.37% ~ 49.38%和3.44% ~ 79.57%,存在一定程度上的遗传多样性,但油酸及亚油酸等主要脂肪酸组分的变异幅度不大,变异系数均在10%以下。     

油橄榄品种‘鄂植8号’的选育

‘鄂植8号’是从前苏联油橄榄种子所繁殖实生群体中选出的优异单株。‘鄂植8号’平均单果重6.63 g,果实长椭圆形。果肉率84.68%,果肉含水率74.40%。核重1.00 g,椭圆形。鲜果含油率18%～22%,中等,油质较好。脂肪酸组分含量为:棕榈油酸3.84%,棕榈酸17.29%,硬脂酸1.06%,油酸69.75%,亚油酸6.16%,亚麻酸2.15%。扦插苗定植后第4年开始结果,第7年进入盛果期,盛果期内丰产、稳产。     

山楂叶片细胞膜磷脂和总脂脂肪酸的研究

对山楂属中7个种和9个品种的细胞膜脂质进行了分析比较,发现不同种和品种的磷脂中各组分的含量配比不同,总脂脂肪酸中各组分的含量配比也有差异。磷脂酰胆碱(PC)是主要的磷脂,含量最多,在脂肪酸中亚麻酸(C_(18:3))为主要的不饱和脂肪酸,其次为亚油酸(C_(18:2))和油酸(C_(18:1));饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(C_(16:0))为主。抗性强的野生山楂种比栽培种的脂肪酸不饱和系数(IUFA)高,起源于边缘地区、高寒地区的山楂种脂肪酸不饱和系数大,在山楂品种中,三倍体品种的脂肪酸不饱和系数大。     

羽叶决明栽培对鸡腿菇子实体产量和脂肪酸组成的影响

以羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)牧草替代麸皮栽培鸡腿菇(Coprinus comatus),对其子实体产量和脂肪酸组成进行测定.研究结果表明,子实体产量以羽叶决明替代20%麸皮处理的最高,为每袋235.2 g;所有处理鸡腿菇子实体中均含有豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十六烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和二十二烷酸等8种脂肪酸,其中羽叶决明替代20%麸皮处理的鸡腿菇子实体中各种脂肪酸相对含量均接近或优于对照,综合表现较好.     

美国扁桃油脂肪酸成分分析

以美国扁桃新品种为试材，采用GC－MS法对其种仁的脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果表明，美国扁桃主要脂肪酸组成为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸。含油酸量为60．57％～64．14％，含亚油酸量为24．90％28．38％，其他组分含量较少。含油酸量明显高于核桃油、花生油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油，含亚油酸的量低于核桃油、花生油、大豆油，但高于菜籽油、棕桐油。     

庆阳核桃地方品种资源变异性及迁地保护研究

对庆阳20个核桃地方品种资源所结果实进行种仁营养成分检测,及坚果数量性状变异特征分析,有效评价庆阳核桃地方品种资源,并对7个优良核桃品种用于迁地保护研究.结果表明:庆阳20个核桃地方品种种仁蛋白质含量均达到国家特级标准(≥14％),脂肪酸组中亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量依次降低,4种矿物质钾、磷、镁、锌含量...     

桃果实采后脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化

 以‘湖景蜜露’桃果实为试材, 分析了果实后熟软化进程中的乙烯释放、脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和细胞膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化, 探讨其与果实软化的关系。结果表明, 细胞脂脂肪酸组分主要有棕榈酸(16∶0) 、硬脂酸(18∶0) 、油酸(18∶1) 、亚油酸(18∶2) 和亚麻酸(18∶3) 。在果实采后20 ℃后熟过程中, 三种不饱和脂肪酸组分比例变化较大(尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸) , 而两种饱和脂肪酸的变化很小。在LOX 自我活化之前, 亚麻酸可能是LOX催化反应的主要底物。果实组织的后熟软化与LOX参与的细胞膜脂过氧化作用有关, 乙烯跃变可能是桃果实成熟启动后的伴随因子, 参与后熟软化进程。     

Diversity in seed oil content and fatty acid composition in three tree peony species with potential as sources of omega-3 fatty acids

Tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) has long been known as a horticultural and medicinal plant in China. Recent studies have shown that tree peony may have further potential applications in the field of edible oils. The selection and cultivation of acceptable varieties is a key issue. Seed from 21 genotypes belonging to P. ostii, P. rockii, and P. ludlowii were evaluated for their oil contents and fatty acid compositions. The results indicated that the average oil contents of P. ostii, P. rockii, and P. ludlowii were 28.05%, 30.52%, and 27.62% (w/w), respectively. Averaged over all genotypes, the major fatty acid components in the seed oils of all three species were the unsaturated fatty acids, linolenic [28.10–52.57% (w/w)], linoleic [14.19–23.92% (w/w)], and oleic [22.67–43.55% (w/w)] acids. Oil contents and fatty acid compositions varied significantly between species, as well as between genotypes within a species. This indicated that tree peony could become an important source of edible vegetable oils and a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. Germplasm collections will be important for future oil-rich tree peony breeding programmes.     

Effect of cutting date and position on rooting ability and fatty acid composition of Carignan (Vitis vinifera L.) shoot

The effects of cutting date and position (apical, basal and central) on rooting ability and fatty acid composition from Carignan (Vitis vinifera L.) shoot were determined. Root number and weight depended of the cutting date and position. Only in the case of the cutting in the basal position, there was a highly positive correlation between number and percentage of roots (r = 0.95) during sampling date. Concerning the influence of the cutting date, the root number by cutting oscillated in a saw tooth. The root weight and percentage showed a positive correlation for the three cutting positions and they increased with time. Cutting date and position had an irregularly effect on the contents of total lipid and different fatty acids. Independently of cutting position, the contents of oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0) correlated negatively with those of linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acids (C18:3) during sampling date.     

Fatty Acid and Non-Fatty Acid Components of the Seed Oil of Celastrus paniculatus willd.

The yield and chemical composition of the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus were determined by solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The yield of crude fatty oil was found to be 45.5% in the mature seeds on dry weight basis. Fourteen compounds, constituting 97.57% of the oil, were identified. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70.11%) followed by saturated fatty acids (25.2%). Oleic acid (54.42%), palmitic acid (20.0%), linoleic acid (15.51%), and stearic acid (4.18%) were the main fatty acids in the oil together with four other minor fatty acids. The current study identifies the novel compounds not previously reported in C. paniculatus oil, including 1,4-benzenediol (0.46%), cinnamic acid (0.15%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (0.03%), butylated hydroxytoluene (0.4%), and eudalene (0.16).     

青海高原核桃果实油脂和生长动态变化分析

以地方核桃为试材,拍照记录果实外观形态变化,并对不同发育时期果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量和成熟种仁中脂肪酸组分等进行测定,以期明确青海高原核桃果实油脂和生长动态变化。结果表明:随着核桃果实生长发育,果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量等指标总体呈上升趋势,其中果实质量在成熟后期略有下降,并依据指标建立了核桃果实生长发育的数学模型。7月中旬油脂开始积累,并逐渐增加,至果实成熟时种仁中的油脂含量达到最大值69.4%,种仁中主要脂肪酸是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量可达91.7%。9月中旬核桃果实充分成熟,且油脂含量最高,是最佳采收时期。可根据核桃果实形态、果实生长曲线和数学模型来判断果实发育时期,采取合理的栽培管理措施,从而提高核桃果实的产量和品质。     

Seed Oil Quantity and Fatty Acid Composition of Different Sea Buckthorn (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae Rhamnoides</Emphasis> L.) Wild Populations in Iran

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a valuable multipurpose medicinal plant belonging to Elaeagnaceae family. In this study, oil content and fatty acid composition of seed oil from 20 sea buckthorn wild populations of Iran were evaluated in 2014 and 2015. Oil extraction was done using n-hexane solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus and then GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters was performed. The highest and lowest amount of seed oil content in two years were obtained from Sarein and Kejel populations, respectively (3.88 to 8.63% in 2014 and from 4.07 to 9.66% in 2015). Importance of seed oil is related to it’s highly amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Maximum content of oleic acid cis were existed in Kelavenga (21.19%) on 2014. The highest value of oleic acid trans were related to Shahrestanak (6.34%) in 2015. Maximum content of linoleic acid in 2014 were existed in Baladeh (42.03%) on 2015. The highest linolenic acid content were obtained from Dehdar (30.73%) in 2014. Factor analysis based on PCA revealed, first three components (PC1–PC3) explained 63.86% of the total variation. The first component (PC1) was contributed by some traits such as seed oil percentage, Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid trance and linoleic acid contents with about 29% of total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. Wide range of variation across the sea buckthorn populations in seed oil traits could be exploited for selection of suitable genotypes to improvement and commercial exploitation of this plant.     

食用菌内源脂肪酸的研究

食用菌富含膳食纤维、矿物质、微量元素、维生素和多种氨基酸,是多功能理想食物。尽管食用菌脂类物质含量较低,但包含人类必需的不饱和脂肪酸,如亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等。通过对食用菌脂类物质研究成果进行总结,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸种类、含量及其开发利用,以期为食用菌的资源开发提供参考。     

Alteration of serum free fatty acids during the carbon tetrachloride-induced fatty liver in rats

AIM: To investigate the alteration of serum free fatty acids in the carbon tetrachloride-induced fatty liver. METHODS: Drug-induced fatty liver rat models were built by injection 40% CCl₄. Serum free fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: In the composition of serun free fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids[oleic acid C18:1,(28.672±7.332/mg·L^-1 vs 41.373±2.180/mg·L^-1),linoleic acid C18:2(16.739±0.871/mg·L^-1 vs 24.959±5.325/mg·L^-1),arachidonic acid C20:4(6.105±2.656/mg·L^-1 vs 9.802±0.779/mg·L^-1),P<0 05], were decreased significantly, but saturated fatty acids [lauric acid C12：0(3.368±0.330/mg·L^-1 vs 2.742 0.351/mg·L^-1),myrist ic acid C14:0(27.136 3.158/mg·L^-1 vs 16.152±0.638/mg·L^-1),palmitic acid C16:0(51.731±9.561/mg·L^-1 vs 34.522±1.401/mg·L^-1),P<0 05] increased. CONCLUSION: Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids were decreased and saturated fatty acids increased in the drug-induced fatty liver.