青海高原核桃果实油脂和生长动态变化分析

以地方核桃为试材,拍照记录果实外观形态变化,并对不同发育时期果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量和成熟种仁中脂肪酸组分等进行测定,以期明确青海高原核桃果实油脂和生长动态变化。结果表明:随着核桃果实生长发育,果实质量、果实纵横径、坚果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、油脂含量等指标总体呈上升趋势,其中果实质量在成熟后期略有下降,并依据指标建立了核桃果实生长发育的数学模型。7月中旬油脂开始积累,并逐渐增加,至果实成熟时种仁中的油脂含量达到最大值69.4%,种仁中主要脂肪酸是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量可达91.7%。9月中旬核桃果实充分成熟,且油脂含量最高,是最佳采收时期。可根据核桃果实形态、果实生长曲线和数学模型来判断果实发育时期,采取合理的栽培管理措施,从而提高核桃果实的产量和品质。

Dynamic Analysis of Kernel Oil and Walnut (Juglans regia L.)Fruit in Qinghai Plateau

Taking local walnut trees as test materials,to take photos to record the changes of fruit appearance and morphology.Fruit weight,fruit diameter,nut weight,kernel weight,kernel rate,oil content,and fatty acid composition in mature kernel were measured and analyzed.The aim of this study was to elucidate dynamic change of walnut fruit growth and development and kernel oil accumulation.The results indicated that with the growth and development of walnut fruit,fruit weight,fruit diameter,nut weight,kernel weight,kernel rate,oil content was increasing with time.The fruit weight decreased slightly in the later stage of ripening.Mathematical equations of growth and development of walnut were established.In the middle of July,the kerneloil began to accumulate and gradually increased,and the oil content in the kernel reached the maximum value of 69.4% when the fruit was mature.The main fatty acids in mature seed kernel were palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid,and the content of unsaturated fatty acids reached 91.7%.In mid September,walnut fruit wasfully mature,and the oil content was the highest,which was the best harvest time.According to the walnut fruit morphological characteristics,fruit growth curve and mathematical equations,the fruit development period could be judged,and reasonable cultivation and management measures can be taken to improve the yield and quality of walnut fruit.