大型锥齿轮传动贯流泵机组结构选

通过淮河入海水道芦杨泵站工程机组的结构选型，介绍了大型锥齿轮传动贯流式机组的水力模型、齿轮、轴承、密封、联轴器等的特点及选用方法，阐述了大型锥齿轮传动贯流式机组具有结构简单，安装、运行、维护方便及机组运行效率高等特点。大型锥齿轮传动贯流式机组可在南水北调泵站工程、农田排灌泵站工程及城市防洪泵站工程中借鉴、应用与推广。     

滴灌区加压泵站设计问题探讨

从滴灌工程设计原理和运行制度出发,分析了大型滴灌区首部加压泵站的流量变化特点和扬程构成因素,指出了该泵站扬程设计的复杂性,提出了加压泵站设计流量和扬程的计算方法以及选泵原则和泵站进水池设计要求。     

中小型电力排灌站节能改造分析

泵站节能技术改造工作在我国一些省份已取得了相当大的经济效益，但作为商品粮基地的黑龙江省，排灌泵站还存在着一系列问题亟等解决。文章分析了黑龙江省排灌站长期以来存在的问题及其形成原因，并对问题较为典型的两个泵站进行了深入研究，针对泵站具体情况提出相应改造方法，并进行了经济效益评估，为中小电力排灌站节能技术改造提供了可借鉴的经验和范例。     

潜水电泵在坡地喷灌工程中的应用前景

本文在分析南方坡地灌溉工程特点的基础上，阐述了坡地喷灌工程选用潜水电泵的优势，并通过一个典型喷灌工程不同泵型及泵站设计方案的对比，探讨了潜水电 泵在坡地喷灌工程应用的可行性及其有待解决的技术问题。     

加快推进广西中小型灌溉排水泵站建设的对策和建议

针对广西中小型灌溉排水泵站现状,分析了广西中小型灌溉排水泵站建设及管理中存在的主要问题,从更新改造措施、资金筹措、建设管理体制、运行管理体制等方面提出对策和建议,以加快推进广西中小型灌溉排水泵站建设。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的灌排沟渠提取方法

科学有效的监管保障了土地整治工程顺利开展。农田水利工程是土地整治项目的重要内容,根据高空间分辨率遥感影像中农田水利灌排沟渠特征,提出一种农田灌排沟渠提取方法。通过对影像中灌排沟渠的光谱值进行统计分析,确定其取值范围,通过二值化和中值滤波去除噪点后得到灌排沟渠的初步结果,最后利用Canny算子对部分有行道树遮挡区域的沟渠进行边缘补充提取,最终得到研究区的灌排沟渠。以内蒙古达拉特旗土地整治某项目区为例,以World View-2为数据源,对提出的方法体系进行了验证,结果表明精度达到91.46%,满足土地整治工程监管的需要。提出的方法很好地解决了微小弯曲和被遮蔽沟渠问题,可为土地整治工程实施监管提供支持      

中小型灌区排涝泵站优化运行模式探讨

以靖江市孤山灌区为例,依据中小型提水灌区排涝泵站的特点,分别以排涝泵站开机机组总耗能最少、能耗率最低为目标函数,采用按开机机组装置效率最大和动态规划的方法,探讨了在满足特定排涝设计标准下孤山灌区内自成排水体系的竖河大港排水片排涝泵站最优运行方式,对提高中小型提排灌区泵站管理水平,减少能源浪费有一定的指导作用。     

Prospects and problems of irrigation development in Sahelian and sub-Saharan Africa

Although many different definitions of irrigation are being used, the need for this way of agricultural intensification is rapidly increasing as the population dependent on agriculture has in many countries largely surpassed the carrying capacity of rainfed systems. However, unfortunately many donor-sponsored irrigation projects in Africa disappoint because they are generally conceived with a too short time perspective and they suffer from a series of negative characteristics. Generally there is insufficient farmer involvement in all phases of the projects, which are formulated in isolation from existing farming systems, are capital-intensive and require high-input levels (from elsewhere), focus on the hardware, neglect agricultural production and institutional weaknesses, and cannot put up the money needed to be run. Therefore, sustainability should be the main point of orientation. Important steps towards it consist in choosing activities and forms of irrigation that fit well in the farming systems, are attractive to farmers, and can be run to a very large extent by themselves without external assistance. Marketing and production support services should be included in analysis and programmes of assistance, together with institutional strengthening and adequate land tenure arrangements. Governments' involvement in operation and management can often be reduced, and the same goes for the role of the irrigation organisations. Donor involvement should be more flexible, have a longer time-perspective, be less guided by expected economic rates of return and concentrate more on how to ensure increased sustainability of irrigation projects for both the country and the farmers.     

高港泵站1～3号机组变频调速效益分析

根据高港泵站长江侧抽排、抽引季节的潮位变化情况 ,确定泵站运行扬程 ,分析 1～ 3号半调节机组调速运行的效益。结果表明 ,采用变频调速经济上是可行的 ,并可增大排涝流量近 8m3/s。     

排水泵站变频节能的工程实践和机理初探

简要介绍了通用变频器的概况以及水泵的变频控制技术；分析了供水泵站和排水泵站水泵变频运行的必要性以及排水泵站变频节能的基本原理．通过对宁波市3座城市排水泵站的变频工程实践，对变频控制在污水泵上的应用作了初步研究．这3座泵站均为污水泵站，扬程有一定的富余量；对不同频率下的排水单耗数据测试显示：在非汛期，变频控制用于排水泵站有25％～35％的节电率，而年综合节电率在20％以上．     

引黄灌区纯井灌水均衡及效益分析

灌溉模式多是井渠双配套,导致工程重叠,土地占压多,引沙量大,且浪费有限的水资源。为实行开源节流,地表水与地下水联合应用,在引黄灌区部分区域开展纯井灌溉是非常必要的。茌平县阁三里位于位山引黄灌区中游,周围引黄条件好,却一直利用地下水实行纯井灌溉。该井灌区(以下简称试区)拥有丰富的地下水动态及水文地质资料,开展阁三里纯井灌水均衡及效益研究,对于指导当前水资源合理调度及工程规划具有重要意义。该文通过系统地分析研究,证明在引黄灌区内部分区域开展纯井灌是必要的、合理的、成功的。     

排灌泵站进水设计研究工作现状及发展趋势

分析介绍了我国排灌泵站进行研究工作的现状，根据国外水轮机行业在水力设备和研究工作方面近几年来的最新，对今后我国中小型泵站节能技术改造中进水设计研究的发展趋势进行了预测。     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

Institutional management regimes for pricing of irrigation water: the French model — lessons for India

In France, the River Basin Committees and Water Agencies are in-charge of managing water resources. However, many surface irrigation networks were initiated and operated by the Regional Companies and farmer syndicates exclusively for agricultural development in the southwest of the country. These are water institutions playing an active role in water management with an objective of cost recovery in order to improve the quality of irrigation services to the users. The implementation of various innovative institutional management approaches by these agencies have yielded a modest degree of success in addressing the crucial problems of the irrigation sector in terms of pricing water, cost recovery, financial viability and overall sustainability of the surface irrigation system. This study attempts to examine the relevance of the institutional management approaches of France to the Indian context. The institutional framework for setting the price of irrigation water is through negotiation between the management and the user representatives. The important lessons drawn based on the experiences of the French model include the granting of financial autonomy to the water institutions in order to recover operational and maintenance costs, participatory approaches of decentralised management, user involvement in the decision-making process, devolution of small-scale irrigation networks to the users for management and the promotion of effective and viable user associations with access to technical information relating to the use of irrigation technologies.     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

Salinity, drainage and selenium problems in the Western San Joaquin Valley of California

Highly productive, irrigated agriculturecan be found in California's Central Valleymade up of the Sacramento, San Joaquin, andTulare Lake basins. High water tablesthroughout much of the San Joaquin andTulare Lake portions of the Valley threatenthis highly productive region. Due totopographic and environmental constraintsmuch of the region is currently withoutdrainage. In 1990 State and Federalgovernment agencies combined to produce areport that outlined possible steps to dealwith the drainage issue. These stepsincluded: 1) Source control (practices toreduce the amount of drainage water); 2)Drainage reuse; 3) Evaporation systems; 4)Land retirement (cease irrigation); 5)Groundwater management; and 6) Discharge tothe San Joaquin River. General backgroundinformation to the history and hydrology ofthe Valley as well as a discussion of thefeasibility and constraints of providingdrainage by discharging drain water to theSan Joaquin River are presented. Inaddition a general discussion of thetechnical and political limitations ofproviding drainage in the River arediscussed.     

新仁泵站现存问题及改造措施

在20世纪50～60年代建成的中小型泵站中,大多数存在着设备陈旧、耗能大、效率低等问题。以对哈尔滨地区的7座中小型排灌电力泵站调研分析为基础,从新仁泵站的现状出发,通过总结该站目前存在的不足,提出了相应的节能技术改造措施,着重解决了该泵站在电气方面存在的突出问题,并对改造后的经济效益做出评估。     

黄河下游断流影响及东营引黄对策

东营市拥有丰富的土地资源,现有灌溉面积１４．２万ｈｍ＾２,随着工农业生产的发展,需求量越来越大;黄河水资源日益紧张,黄河断流的影响影响也越来越大,因此,针对东营引黄的实际,提出了如下引黄供水的对策;进行灌区老化工程技术改造;修建平原水库;充分利用灌溉间隙,引黄蓄灌源;加强经济调控,合理调整水价;节约用水;严格控制退水,充分利用退水。     

Modelling seawater intrusion in the Burdekin Delta Irrigation Area,North Queensland,Australia

The Burdekin Delta is a major irrigation area situated in the dry tropics of North Queensland. It is unique in that (i) it overlies shallow groundwater systems that serve as a major water supply for the irrigation of sugarcane, and (ii) it is adjacent to the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef. Water management practices include large recharge pits and surface spreading of water to assist with replenishment of the groundwater. This has been useful in maintaining groundwater levels to help control seawater intrusion. This technique, however, can be costly and ineffective in unconfined aquifer systems, which are subjected to large amounts of groundwater pumping for irrigation. There are more than 1800 production bores currently used for irrigation in the Burdekin Delta and the large volumes of water extracted have at times lowered the regional water tables and made it difficult to control seawater intrusion.     

魏村泵站双向进水流道设计

魏村泵站是太湖治理工程中灌排结合的大型立式轴流泵站。文中分析总结了魏村泵站双向进水流道形式与型线设计，介绍和推荐了大型轴流泵站双向进水流道合理型线的设计方法。