条纹鲈饲料的赖氨酸需要量

为测定条纹鲈对饲料中赖氨酸需要量进行了两次试验。试验饲料含粗蛋白４２％，含消化能１３．４ＭＪ／ｋｇ。试验１饲料赖氨酸含量分别为９．２ｇ／ｋｇ、１４．１ｇ／ｋｇ、１４、６ｇ／ｋｇ、１９．９ｇ／ｋｇ、２１．０ｇ／ｋｇ，试验２饲料含赖氨酸分别为１４．８ｇ／ｋｇ、１８．１ｇ／ｋｇ、２１．３ｇ／ｋｇ、２４．５ｇ／ｋｇ、２７．６ｇ／ｋｇ、３０．９ｇ／ｋｇ。测出鱼体增重、特定生长率、饲料转换率和表观蛋白质利用率随饲料中赖氨酸含量增加至２０ｇ／ｋｇ而提高。试验１鱼体增重和特定生长率回归分析表明，条纹鲈对饲料赖氨…     

不同硒营养状态下鸡体内甲状腺激素的变化

用不同剂量的硒添加饲料，饲喂亚发肉雏鸡，研究肉鸡体内甲状腺激素的代谢。结果表明，试验雏鸡３０日龄和６０日龄时，试验Ⅰ组（硒含量为０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、试验Ⅱ组（硒含量为０．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）与对照组（硒含量为０．０１４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）相比，血清内Ｔ３水平上升而Ｔ４水平下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉用仔鸡生长和肝、粪铜浓度的影响

用１６４只１周龄ＡＡ肉用仔鸡进行的两次试验结果显示，在含铜８—１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米—豆饼日粮中，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜（ＣｕＳＯ４５Ｈ２Ｏ），提高４—７周龄平均增重７．１－１０．８％（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），提高１—３周龄平均增重２．１－２．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５，试验Ⅱ）或６．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１，试验Ⅰ），降低１—３周龄饲料／增重６．３－１５．３％，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，对胸肌含水量无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），明显提高了肝铜含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），但幅度不太大，由对照组的１３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到２３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ（风干基础），而正常鸡肝含铜量低，因此对食品卫生无不利影响。大量铜由粪中排出体外，试验组粪铜浓度比对照组提高９倍。     

不同形式铬对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质代谢和器官重的影响

本试验以肉仔鸡为对象 ,研究了３种铬源对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质代谢和组织器官重的影响。采用２８０只１４日龄ＡＡ肉仔鸡 ,随机分成１０组 ,每组４重复（公母各半） ,每重复７只鸡。其中１组为对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮 ,其余９组添加０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ 水平的氯化铬、蛋氨酸铬、烟酸铬 ,试验期３周。结果表明 :①铬对３、４周龄肉仔鸡的采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著影响。０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ 和１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ氯化铬显著提高了第５周肉仔鸡的采食量（Ｐ＜０．０５） ;０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ 蛋氨…     

硒增强雏鸡对IBD抵抗力机制的细胞免疫研究

为了解硒对雏鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）抵抗大的影响及其细胞免疫机制，自１日龄起给雏鸡分别饲喂基础（含硒０．０８６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、补硒０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的不同日粮，于４９日龄采用微量全血培养￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定其中自然发生ＩＢＤ后第１０天和正常对照雏鸡的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率，并计算ＩＢＤ鸡死亡率。结果，两补硒组ＩＢＤ雏鸡死亡率显著低于基础日粮组ＩＢＤ雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＢＤ明显抑制雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）；补硒的正常对照雏鸡和ＩＢＤ雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率分别高于各自基础日粮雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果显示补硒可提高雏鸡细胞免疫功能，从而增强雏鸡对ＩＢＤ抵抗力，降低雏鸡死亡率。     

日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉用仔鸡生长和肝,粪铜浓度的影响

用１６４只１周龄ＡＡ肉用仔鸡进行的两次试验结果显示，在含铜８－１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米－豆饼日粮中，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，提高４－７周龄平均增重７．１－１０．８＾，提高１－３周龄平均增重２．１－２．５％或６．２％，降低１－３周龄饲料／增重６．３－１５．３％，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，对胸肌含水量无影响，明显提高了肝铜含量，但度不太大，由对照组的１３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到２３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，而正常鸡肝含铜     

硒对鸭镉中毒保护效应的研究

６６只３日龄天府肉鸭随机分为６组,其中一组每日上、下午灌服蒸馏水作为试验对照组,另５组每日早晨灌以１／２０ＤＬ５０（１４．４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）的氯化镉水溶液作试验组,试验Ⅰ－Ⅳ组每日下午分别再灌以３．３９、１．６９、０．８５、０．４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒,第Ⅴ组灌服蒸馏水。试验期６周,其发病率和死亡率分另为１０／１１、９／１１、１０／１１、１０／１１、１１／１１、和４／１１、３／１１、２／１１、４／１１     

亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内药代动力学的研究

采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。     

中西药复方制剂对鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染的药效观察

给２０４只石岐杂雏鸡人工混合感染败血霉形体和大肠杆菌后,平均分为６组,试验组用中西药复方制剂进行药效试验。药物组分别饲喂含０．３％、０．６％、１．２％中西药复方制剂及１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ培氟沙星的饲料,结果,对感染鸡的治愈率分别是６７．７％、８２．４％、９４．１％及６７．６％,感染对照组的死亡率是４１．２％。０．６％和１．２％中西药复方制剂组的治愈率均极显著高于感染对照组;０．６％和１．２％中西药复方     

添加叶酸对水貂体内叶酸盐水平及甲酸盐氧化率的影响

通过体内叶酸盐水平研究甲酸盐对水貂的毒性，以更好了解甲酸在皮毛动物饲料中应用。日粮中添加不同浓度的叶酸（每千克日粮分别添加０，１，５，１０和２０ｍｇ），饲喂４周龄断奶仔貂，结果肝脏中四氢叶酸浓度分别为３．９４，８．５１，９．１５，１０．４和１５．０ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ。氧化试验在代谢室进行，试验貂在试验前一次注射１４Ｃ标记的甲酸，盐剂量为每千克体重５００ｍｇ，结果表明对照组水貂把甲酸盐氧化成ＣＯ２的速率比试验组低３７％。氧化速率随着添加量的增加而增加，１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ添加组氧化率最高（５４．２ｍＥｑ／ｋｇ、ｈ），在最高添加组（２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ），ＣＯ２的产生量开始下降。肝脏中１４Ｃ的浓度随叶酸水平的升高而升高，并且达到最高氧化值后其水平继续积累。这些结果表明水貂能够氧化甲酸盐，但氧化速率低于大鼠。但是，如果在水貂的快速生长期不添加叶酸盐，肝脏中四氢叶酸水平可下降到人和猴子的水平（人和猴子对甲酸盐的积累非常敏感）。仔貂平均日增重随添加叶酸量的增加而增加，但仅在对照组与两个最高添加组间存在差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

On the effects of a chronic deoxynivalenol intoxication on performance, haematological and serum parameters of pigs when diets are offered either for ad libitum consumption or fed restrictively

Wheat infected naturally with Fusarium, contaminated mainly with deoxynivalenol (DON) (16.6 mg DON/kg), was added to a total constant wheat content of 400 g/kg diet. To distinguish between differences in feed intake and specific effects of the DON contaminated diet, control and DON contaminated feed was administered for 11 weeks under ad libitum and restrictive feeding conditions to 48 pigs of both sexes, which were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 per group). Feed intake was 2.90 kg/day, live weight gain 987 g/day and feed to gain ratio 2.77 kg/kg for the ad libitum fed control group. The group fed DON contaminated wheat ad libitum significantly consumed 15% less feed and gained 13% less live weight, while the feed to gain ratio was unaffected. Moreover, it was concluded that the lower growth performance by DON contaminated feed resulted mainly from the lower voluntary feed intake, because there were no differences in live weight gain between the groups with the restrictive feeding regimen. On the contrary, metabolizable energy, nitrogen retention digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre were significantly increased by 3, 10, 3, 6, 9 and 20% in the DON group respectively. Animals fed DON contaminated diets needed more time to consume the restrictive ration than the control group. For example in the first hour after feeding 85% of the control pigs had consumed all feed, but only 39% of the DON group had. There were only few differences in haematological and serum parameters, which were characterized by a high variation between individuals. DON and IgA concentrations in serum were significantly influenced by DON exposure.     

茶树油制剂(颗粒剂)对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究茶树油饲料添加剂(颗粒型)对保育猪生长性能的影响。试验动物选取小保育猪50头和大保育猪36头,小保育猪分为5组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料。大保育猪分为6组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、2000 mg/kg、4000 mg/kg、6000 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料,试验期为60 d。结果表明,在小保育阶段,添加50 mg/kg茶树油饲料添加剂组在增重方面显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在大保育阶段,添加500 mg/kg茶树油添加剂组的试验组猪只增重最高,料重比最低;但是在大保育猪,添加茶树油添加剂的量达到6000 mg/kg时,料重比最高,并且显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明在保育猪的不同阶段添加适量的茶树油饲料添加剂,可提高猪只的生长性能,降低料重比。     

黄芪多糖对断奶幼兔生长性能、腹泻率及免疫功能的影响

为研究黄芪多糖（APS）对断奶幼兔生长性能、腹泻率及免疫功能的影响,试验选取100只28日龄的断奶幼兔,随机分为5组,每组20只幼兔。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、400、800 mg/kg的APS,预试期5 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,200 mg/kg APS组幼兔的末重、增重、平均日增重显著提高,分别提高了12.42%、19.95%、20.36%（P ＜ 0.05）,料重比显著降低11.11%（P ＜ 0.05）|400 mg/kg APS组幼兔的末重、增重、平均日增重显著提高,分别提高了17.73%、28.42%和28.45%（P ＜ 0.05）,料重比显著降低13.55%（P ＜ 0.05）。（2）与对照组相比,400 mg/kg APS组幼兔的腹泻率和死亡率显著降低,均降低了50%（P ＜0.05）|800 mg/kg APS组腹泻率显著降低37.5%（P ＜ 0.05）。（3）与对照组相比,400 mg/kg APS组IgA的含量显著提高,提高了13.04%（P ＜ 0.05）|200、400 mg/kg APS组IgG含量显著提高,分别提高了4.98%和6.31%（P ＜ 0.05）。综上所述,在幼兔基础日粮中添加APS可以显著提高幼兔生长性能,降低腹泻率和死亡率,并提高机体免疫力,且最适添加量为400 mg/kg。 [关键词] 黄芪多糖|兔|生长性能|腹泻率|免疫功能     

饲用左旋咪唑对肉仔鸡免疫功能调节作用的研究

试验用刚出壳的ＡＡ 商品代肉用公雏 ３７８ 只,随机分成 ３ 组,每组 １２６ 只分成 ９ 个重复。以玉米 豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,喂给三种日粮即无药组（１ 组或对照组）、添加左咪唑（ｌｅｖａｍ ｉｓｏｌｅ,ＬＥＶ）１０（２ 组）和３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 饲料（３ 组）。检测肉仔鸡每周体重、耗料量,４ 和 ６ 周龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量及其免疫器官指数,以及外周血中 Ｔ 或Ｂ淋巴细胞对不同丝裂原的反应性。结果表明：（１）在肉仔鸡日粮中添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的 ＬＥＶ 可使胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量及其指数明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;添加１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官重量也有一定的促进作用,但差异并不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。试验证明ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官的生长发育有明显的促进作用。（２）４２ 日龄时３ 组肉仔鸡外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 Ｃｏｎ Ａ刺激的反应性以及 Ｂ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 ＬＰＳ刺激的反应性明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,说明添加３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 会增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能。（３）随着日粮中 ＬＥＶ 添加量的增加,肉仔鸡的增重速率和饲料转化率都有相应改善,添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 对二者的改善程度分别为 ７．３３％ 和 ５．１５％ ,?     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

复合植物精油在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究

旨在验证复合植物精油（百里香酚7.3%,牛至油10.0%）改善断奶仔猪生长性能的功效。选用160头体重相近、体况良好、28日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验1、2、3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验1、2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加80、120、150 mg/kg复合植物精油。试验期间观察并记录仔猪生长及健康状况,试验结束时,采用统计学方法比较各组仔猪的生长性能指标（末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比）、健康指标（腹泻率、死淘率）以及肠道黏膜通透性指标（D-乳酸含量、二胺氧化酶活性）。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3组仔猪的末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著提高（P〈0.05）,料重比则显著降低（P〈0.05）;3个试验组仔猪的腹泻率及死淘率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;与对照组相比,3个试验组仔猪血浆中的D-乳酸含量和二胺氧化酶活性分别极显著（P〈0.01）和显著降低（P〈0.05）。综合考虑促生长效果及饲养成本,仔猪基础日粮中复合植物精油的推荐添加量为120 mg/kg。     

Effect of cooking and methionine supplementation on nutritional value of bitter vetch seed as a feed ingredient for broilers

The present study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of applying heat treatment and methionine (Met) supplementation to improve the use of bitter vetch (BV) as a feed ingredient in the growth diet of broilers. A total of 540 Ross-308 chicks were fed various BV-supplemented diets between the ages of 35 and 49 days. The chicks were assigned randomly to one of nine experimental treatments, including raw and cooked bitter vetch seeds at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) with or without Met (210 mg/kg) supplement and a corn–soybean-based diet as control. Results showed that feeding the 200-g/kg raw BV decreased feed intake by 52% in relation to the control diet (P < 0.05). Cooking the BV did not improve the feed intake. Met supplementation of 100 g/kg raw or cooked BV and 200 g/kg cooked BV resulted to a similar feed intake in the control group. Chicks fed with the 200 g/kg raw BV had an average depressed body weight gain of 90% in comparison to the birds fed with the control diet. The combination of cooking and Met supplementation of this diet resulted to a similar body weight gain to the control diet. Feeding 100 g/kg of raw or cooked BV also reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain, and Met supplementation of these diets resulted in a body weight gain similar to the control group. Chicks fed with 100 g/kg of raw or cooked BV supplemented with Met or 200 g/kg of cooked BV plus Met has similar feed conversion ratio to the control group. In conclusion, heating BV seeds is not sufficient to overcome the limiting effects of BV seeds on feed intake and weight gain, and that Met supplementation does provide some improvement. The combination of cooking and Met supplementation was more efficient.     

木薯型日粮添加复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分消化的影响

文章旨在评估日粮用木薯粉替代玉米同时补充外源复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择平均初始体重（44.15±0.76）g的肉鸡576只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复36只。试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种原料（玉米和木薯）和酶添加量（0和100?mg/kg复合酶）,其中T1组和T2组分别饲喂玉米、木薯型日粮,T3和T4组分别在T1和T2基础日粮中添加100?mg/kg复合酶,试验为期3周。结果：玉米型日粮组肉鸡末重较木薯型日粮组显著提高6.65%（P＜0.05）,但料重比显著降低2.10%（P＜0.05）。无论日粮类型如何,添加复合酶较未添加组肉鸡料重比显著降低2.10%（P＜0.05）。日粮类型及复合酶对肉鸡平均日增重和料重比的影响具有显著交互作用（P＜0.05）。与T2组相比,T3组肉鸡脾脏相对重量显著提高50%（P＜0.05）。无论日粮是玉米型还是木薯型,补充100?mg/kg复合酶较未补充组淀粉表观消化系数显著提高5.59%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,日粮中添加50%木薯粉完全替代玉米同时补充100?mg/kg复合酶可以改善肉鸡饲料效率,提高淀粉表观消化率。 [关键词]木薯|复合酶|肉鸡|生长性能|养分消化     

褪黑激素对獭兔生长性能及皮毛质量的影响

本试验旨在研究褪黑激素对獭兔生长性能及皮毛质量的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取55~60日龄体重相近的健康生长獭兔200只,随机分为4组,每组50只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂含不同水平褪黑激素(10、25、40 mg/kg)的试验饲粮。试验期为99 d。结果表明:60~150日龄,各试验组平均日增重均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),各试验组料重比均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。90、120、130、150日龄各试验组被毛密度均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。40 mg/kg试验组臀部、肩部、腹部的皮张厚度均显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,褪黑激素能够提高獭兔平均日增重,降低料重比,同时提高獭兔被毛密度,促进獭兔皮张提前成熟。     

高铜日粮对生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响

选用军牧1号断乳仔猪45头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验,研究了不同来源(硫酸铜和蛋氨酸铜)和不同添加水平(5、125 mg/kg)的高铜日粮对猪胃底腺Ghrelin分泌的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加125 mg/kg硫酸铜和125 mg/kg蛋氨酸铜组平均日增重、绝对增重、平均采食量均显著提高(P<0.05),而不同铜源间差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组胃底腺Ghrelin mRNA水平显著提高(P<0.05);血液胃泌素含量显著增加(P<0.01),并且Ghrelin mRNA水平与血液胃泌素含量呈显著正相关关系。提示高铜可促进生长猪胃底腺Ghrelin的分泌,胃泌素的分泌与胃底腺区Ghrelin的基因表达有关。