理性分析中国国情，共谱民主法制建设新序典——兽药生产经营企业监管办法研讨会纪实

会议背景：随着兽药GMP认证工作的深入进行，实施兽药GSP认证，加强兽药流通环节的监督管理已经提到了议事日程。兽药GSP是全过程、全员参与和全企业的质量管理，实施兽药GSP是贯彻执行国家有关法律法规的需要，是兽药经营企业参与市场竞争的需要，是应对入世挑战的需要，是提高兽药经营企业质量管理水平的需要，     

理性分析中国国情,共谱民主法制建设新序曲——兽药生产经营企业监管办法研讨会纪实

会议背景:随着兽药GMP认证工作的深入进行,实施兽药GSP认证,加强兽药流通环节的监督管理已经提到了议事日程。兽药GSP是全过程、全员参与和全企业的质量管理。实施兽药GSP是贯彻执行国家有关法律法规的需要,是兽药经营企业参与市场竞争的需要,是应对入世挑战的需要,是提高兽药经营企业质量管理水平的需要,也是整顿和规范我国兽药市场混乱局面的需要。实施兽药GSP必将为企业带来经营思想和经营组织结构的转变,刺激企业不断寻求技术进步。通过政府和企业间的直接对话,了解兽药生产经营过程中存在的各种情况,针对性地提出解决方案,兽药市场必将越来越规范和成熟,兽药生产监管办法正式出台的时候,将更为科学有效。     

浅析实施兽药GSP的必要性

兽药GSP就是兽药经营质量管理规范简称(Good Sup-ply Practice,简称GSP),是为保证兽药质量而制定的一整套管理制度。GSP的实施标志着政府主管部门继对兽药生产环节采取强制规范(GMP)后,开始对兽药流通领域进行整治规范。兽药GSP是全过程、全员参与和全企业的质量管理。实施兽药GSP是贯彻执行国家有关法律法规的需要,是兽药经营企业参与市场竞争的需要,是畜牧业应对入世挑战的需要,是提高兽药经营企业质量管理水平的需要,也是整顿和规范我国兽药市场混乱局面的需要。     

兽药GSP认证后的思考

兽药经营质量管理规范（兽药GSP）,包含了兽药经营的硬件、软件、人员三部分内容,体现了全过程、全方位、全员的现代质量管理理念.兽药GSP认证是指兽药监管部门对兽药经营单位在流通（经营、储运、使用）全过程中实施GSP的情况进行检查、评价,并决定是否发给认证证书的过程.全面推行和实施兽药GSP对于提升兽药质量管理水平,规范兽药经营行为,继而保障动物源性食品安全有着重要而深远的意义.武定县采取多项措施,加大培训和提升改造指导力度,于2010-2012年,用近3年的时间,完成了全县47家兽药经营企业（连锁店）的GSP认证工作,全县兽药经营户由实施兽药GSP前的78家缩减为47家,有31家兽药经营户通过做工作已转向经营,兽药GSP工作取得了阶段性成效.但在日常监管过程中发现,部分兽药经营企业的GSP实施情况出现滑坡,质量管理意识有所放松.如何加强后续管理,已成为兽药监管的重要问题.     

东营市兽药GSP实施十年思考

<正>2010年3月1日,《兽药经营质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GSP)正式施行。实施兽药GSP是依法加强兽药经营监管、规范兽药经营活动的法制基础,也是提高我国兽药经营企业质量管理水平、规范兽药市场的重大措施。其实,早在2009年,山东畜牧兽医局就在全国率先开展了兽药GSP试点认证,东营市畜牧局随即也开展了兽药GSP试点认证,随着兽药GSP的实施     

对实施兽药GSP的思考

<正>兽药GSP是兽药经营质量管理规范的简称,永胜县从2012年实施兽药GSP认证工作以来,兽药经营企业的经营思想和组织结构发生了根本性变化,兽药经营秩序进一步好转,经营质量稳步提升,但仍存在一些问题,笔者结合实施情况进行分析,提出了要加大执法力度、尽快修订相关法规、加快软件开发更新和兽药监督网络建设、增加执法经费投入等措施来实施好兽药GSP认证工作,供决策部门参考。1实施兽药GSP情况     

兽药GSP浅谈

兽药GSP是英文Good Supply Practice的缩写,直译为良好的(兽药)供应规范,在我国称为《兽药经营质量管理规范》.2010年1月15日,农业部根据《兽药管理条例》,发布了《兽药经营质量管理规》,规定从2010年3月1日起施行.GSP为兽药经营企业提供了科学的质量管理体系,促使兽药经营企业的经营思想和组织结构发生根本变化,是我国兽药经营企业参与市场竞争的先决条件.本文就兽药GSP进行探析,以期指导实践.     

怎样做好兽药GSP企业认证

《兽药管理条例》颁布后,各地积极开展兽药GSP企业认证工作,兽药质量更加安全,经营秩序更加规范,畜禽及其产品质量安全得到有效保障。2010年以来,湖北省远安县健全工作机制,强化工作措施,有力、有序、有效地实施兽药GSP企业认证工作,取得了一些可喜成绩。结合工作实践,笔者认为兽药GSP企业认证要做好以下工作。坚持一个原则。认证工作是保障畜牧业健     

试论兽药 GSP连锁加盟模式的营销优势

2010年1月农业部正式发布《兽药经营质量管理规范》(GSP),要求在此之前开办的兽药经营企业在2012年3月1日前通过GSP认证并依法申领兽药经营许可证. 据不完全统计,目前国内近300亿元的兽药销售额中,70％以上的销售额是通过约20万家兽药店销售给终端养殖客户,但如此之多的销售网点目前尚无统一的管理规范.而农业部此行推行的兽药GSP认证将会有相当部分小店无法通过,据行业专家预测:经过GSP认证后,将有50％的经销商和零售商遭到淘汰.GSP的实施势必会对兽药行业的发展产生巨大影响,在这场变局当中,兽药企业如何以连锁方式经营成为具有规模化、网络化、信息化的GSP模式将是企业发展的热点.     

兽药经营企业通过GSP认证4重点

根据《兽药管理条例》和农业部有关文件要求，目前山东省已经开始了GSP认证工作，作为企业的负责人，要认真分析当前实施兽药GSP形势，组织企业相关人员实施兽药GSP认证，全面贯彻落实兽药GSP认证的工作，有计划、有步骤地推进。据笔者调查，正在准备GSP认证工作的经营企业反应不知重点应放在哪里，为此，笔者特将GSP认证工作的4个重点总结如下。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.