吲哚丁酸和萘乙酸对甜樱桃矮砧吉赛拉5号硬枝扦插生根的影响

供试甜樱桃矮砧吉塞拉5号插条选自1年生苗干中间部分,剪截长度为15cm左右,插条基部采用不同浓度(500、1000、1500、2000、2500mg/L)的吲哚丁酸和萘乙酸液浸30s,然后插到以河沙为基质的插床上。育苗棚为半日光间歇弥雾育苗系统,扦插前河沙用500倍多菌灵处理,插后棚内每2周喷500倍多菌灵1次,插后60d统计     

枣茎段组织培养的研究

以5个枣品种的茎段为外植体,进行了不定芽的诱导和成苗的研究。在培养基MS+ZT1.75mg/L+KT2.0mg/L+NAA穴0～1.0mg/L雪上,枣茎段可以直接分化不定芽,MS+ZT1.75mg/L+KT2.0mg/L+NAA0.015mg/L培养基最适宜茎段不定芽的诱导。5个枣品种在不定芽的诱导方面存在较大差异培养60d时鸡蛋枣的增殖倍数达到3.0,而尖枣仅0.32。保持叶片2～3枚有利于枝条生根,在1/2MS+IBA0.8mg/L培养基上生根率达90%以上。     

月季花露地栽培技术

月季又称玫瑰、月月红、四季花等 ,是蔷薇科灌木植物。易管理 ,成花快 ,产花多 ,效益高 ,是农村致富的好行业。本文介绍栽培技术供参考。1　月季的繁殖方法　 主要用扦插和嫁接两种。还有播种 ,分株、压条、组织培养等。1 1　播种与插条处理　实生苗多用野蔷薇种子于春季室内播种育苗 ,经 5个月可移苗的培育 ,当年 8至 10月即可嫁接。扦插时间为 5至 6月或 9至 11月 ,插条以嫩枝为好 ,以河沙作插床。插条用吲哚乙酸钾盐 5 0 0× 10 -6浸下端 30秒钟后斜插。插距 3至 4ｃｍ ,插深度以枝条长度的 2 / 3留出 1/ 3为宜 ,插后喷透水 ,并保持插条…     

山葡萄品种硬枝扦插生根研究

1998～ 2 0 0 0年进行山葡萄硬枝扦插试验。结果表明 :3月下旬在室外电热温床扦插 ,插前用 NAA150 mg/ L或 IBA150 mg/ L、ABT生根粉 1号 150 mg/ L浸泡插条基部 2 4小时效果较好 ;温床适宜的基质为蛭石和河沙 ;山葡萄适宜的扦插材料为 1年生枝 ;不同山葡萄品种扦插生根率和成苗率差异较大 ,生根率较高的品种为左红一、左山一和双红 ,生根率分别为 87.0 2 %、 81.6 9%和 79.99%。试验中观察了扦插山葡萄的生根特性     

无花果大棚绿枝扦插育苗技术

经 3年实践 ,总结出无花果在鲁西南地区塑料大棚绿枝扦插育苗技术。　　 (1)苗床准备　苗床宽 1.0～ 1.2 m、深 2 5～30 cm,长视需要而定。床内铺经 70 %甲基托布津 50 0倍液消毒灭菌的腐殖质土和河沙 ,比例为 2∶ 1,厚度 2 0cm左右 ,其上再覆以 5～ 10 cm的细沙或锯末 ,平整备用。　　 (2 )选择插条　 9月中下旬 ,选择当年生枝作插条 ,插条长 2 0～ 2 5cm,保留 2～ 3片叶 ,插条的上剪口距芽 2 cm左右 ,下剪口在节下 1cm,每 30～ 50根捆成1捆 ,先用 0 .2 %高锰酸钾浸泡下端 5秒 ,再换用 ABT2号生根粉 50 mg/L浸泡 30分。　　 (3)扦插　用…     

GGR7对冬枣嫩枝扦插生根的影响

枣树生产上主要采用嫁接苗或根蘖苗,周期长,工作量大,苗木不整齐。植物生长调节剂GGR7可以刺激月季枝条产生不定根,2005年我们研究了GGR7对冬枣嫩枝扦插生根的影响,取得了良好的效果。(1)材料与方法试验在河北沧州职业技术学院果树试验基地进行。GGR7为北京艾比蒂研究开发中心生产,供试材料为冬枣。7月15日从5年生冬枣树上剪取当年生健壮枣头作插条,长15～20cm,留先端两节和1个枣头顶芽剪断,下端紧贴二次枝剪截。试验分2部分,①插条采后分别用GGR750、75、100、200、400、800mg/L浸泡2小时,以清水浸泡为对照。②插条采后用GGR750mg/L…     

银杏硬枝扦插育苗经验总结

江苏省邻县银杏年产量逾500吨过去主要用种子繁殖。我们于1989年一1987年进行了硬枝杆插育苗试验,效果良好。 插床东西向,长4m、宽0.8m。床上(沙质壤土)用5%硫酸亚铁水消毒,床面草帘遮荫,人工喷水保护湿润。 插条从20—40年生大树上,选1—3年生充实枝条,11月下旬剪取,潮沙中贮藏或春季(3月下旬)随剪随插。插条剪长约15—30cm。插前每50根一捆浸入萘乙酸溶液中3—5分钟,带乙酸浓度设0(对照)500、1000、1500、2000、2500ppm六个生理。 杆插于3月底4月初进行,行林里12 Xscm,插条以项消外露1—3ctn为准,插后喷水。 于6月底检查成活情况,结果以1…     

墨西哥菜用仙人掌组培快繁技术

为了加快菜用仙人掌新品种的推广 ,加速繁殖 ,笔者采用组培快繁技术加快种苗的开发力度。1　培养过程1 .1　芽诱导及增殖培养基　 A:MS+ZT 2 mg/L+IAA0 .2 mg/L;B:MS+BA1 mg/L+IAA 0 .1 mg/L;C:MS+BA1 mg/L+IAA0 .3 mg/L;D:MS+BA2 mg/L+IAA0 .3 mg/L;E:MS+BA3 mg/L+IAA0 .2 mg/L;F:MS+BA5 mg/L+IAA0 .5 mg/L。1 .2　生根培养基　 R1 :MS+NAA0 .1 mg/L;R2 :MS+NAA0 .2 mg/L。以上培养基的卡拉胶为 4g/L,蔗糖 3 % ,p H6.0。1 .3　培养过程　取仙人掌幼嫩掌片用自来水表面清洗后 ,用 0 .1 %升汞消毒 5～ 1 0分…     

枣树嫩枝扦插技术

目前枣树育苗多采用归圃育苗法 ,费时费工 ,成本高 ,成活率低 ,还容易造成品种混杂。为此 ,我们进行了枣树嫩枝扦插试验 ,扦插成活率达 80 %以上 ,苗木品种纯正 ,是一种切实可行的育苗方法。试验在我所试验场进行 ,插条品种为新郑鸡心枣和灰枣。插床宽2ｍ ,长 2 0ｍ ,床沿高 2     

果树喷施化学药剂减轻裂果

①枣。自7月下旬起,每隔1 0～1 5d(天)喷氯化钙3 0 0 0mg/L 1次,直到采收,可明显降低枣裂果率。②苹果。用1 5 %多效唑可湿性粉剂3 0 0倍液,于6月下旬和7月上旬连喷2次,间隔1 5～2 0d(天) ,不仅可防止国光苹果裂果,而且还有增强着色、减少落果、提高糖度和增强耐贮性的作用。于     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。