连续施用无害化污泥对沙质潮土土壤肥力和微生物学性质的影响

以小麦-玉米轮作体系下的沙质潮土为研究对象,选用经无害化处理后的城市污泥产物,通过2013~2015年田间定位试验,研究了不同城市污泥施用量对土壤肥力的影响,以期为城市污泥资源化利用提供理论基础和技术依据。设置单施化肥(CK)、CK+污泥15 t·hm~(-2)(CS1)、CK+污泥30 t·hm~(-2)(CS2)和CK+污泥45 t·hm~(-2)(CS3)共4个处理。主要研究结果如下:(1)连续定位试验结果表明,同一施用量污泥处理的土壤p H值随施用时间的增加呈下降趋势;土壤有机质(SOM)和养分含量如全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)随施用时间的增长呈上升趋势;(2)与CK比较,在2015年玉米季施用污泥各处理的土壤p H值显著降低了0.34~0.83个单位(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈反比,以高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2)下降最多;土壤SOM、TN、AP和AK分别显著提高了52.1%~166.9%、77.3%~177.8%、215.7%~486.3%和167.2%~379.0%(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈正比,以高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2)效果最显著;(3)试验所用污泥施用量范围内不会造成土壤和植物籽粒重金属污染,能够保持土壤环境健康;(4)与CK比较,施用污泥各处理土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量均显著提高(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈正比,并且季节不同也显著影响土壤MBC、MBN含量(P0.05);施用污泥能够显著提高土壤MBC/MBN(P0.05),说明施用污泥能够改变土壤微生物群落组成;(5)施用污泥,尤其是高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2),在保证土壤和植物籽粒质量安全下,其土壤培肥效果最优。     

施用河道污泥对水稻和土壤重金属含量及 水稻氮素利用的影响

2013—2014年以苏州市相城区望亭镇某河道污泥为研究对象,以农田施用污泥20 kg?m~(-2)和不施用污泥为主处理,以施氮肥120 kg(N)?hm~(-2)(LN)和240 kg(N)?hm~(-2)(NN)为副处理,连续两季种植粳稻品种‘武运粳24’,研究河道污泥农田施用对水稻和土壤重金属含量及水稻氮素利用的影响。结果表明:1)河道污泥农田施用,显著提高了稻田土壤有机质含量、速效氮含量和重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量,水稻产量平均增加7.05%,水稻籽粒中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量分别增加53.66%、18.71%和802.29%,水稻吸氮量显著增加,氮素利用效率显著降低。2)河道污泥施用后,较高施氮量(NN)增加了稻田土壤有机质含量和速效氮含量,对稻田土壤重金属含量和水稻籽粒中重金属含量影响不大,水稻产量、水稻吸氮量显著增加,但氮素利用效率显著降低。3)污泥处理条件下,与第1季相比较,第2季稻田土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量平均下降5.0%左右、籽粒中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量下降7.27%~12.65%,但均显著大于不施河道污泥的对照处理。4)污泥×氮肥、污泥×年度、氮肥×年度和污泥×氮肥×年度的互作效应对稻田土壤养分含量、重金属含量,水稻产量、籽粒重金属含量和水稻氮素吸收利用的影响均未达显著水平。     

沃特和PAM施用方式对土壤水分及玉米生长的影响

为了鉴别沃特保水剂和PAM不同施用方式的施用效果,在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区开展了撒施、沟施、穴施对土壤水含量和玉米生长影响的田间试验。结果表明不同施用方式提高了0～10cm土层土壤水含量,而30～40cm土层土壤水含量则随降水量的多少呈现出不同的规律性。随着玉米的生长,不同施用方式影响的土层深度逐渐加深,从三叶期0～50cm土层增加到成熟期的0～200cm土层,土壤水含量表现为沟施、穴施高于撒施,撒施高于对照。3种施用方式对玉米出苗无显著影响,但均提高了玉米生物量、籽粒产量、水分利用效率,降低了玉米的耗水量,其中沟施、穴施的效果强于撒施。沃特、PAM相同施用方式对土壤水含量和玉米生长无显著影响,且沟施和穴施之间无显著性差异,但沃特单位施用量单位面积的增产量高于PAM。玉米生产中,沃特、PAM应以沟施或穴施为主。     

污泥农用对痕量元素在小麦-玉米轮作体系中的积累及转运的影响

利用田间试验初步研究了污泥农用对小麦、玉米大田作物及土壤环境影响以及污泥中痕量元素在土壤与植物可食部分之间转移规律。结果表明,施用污泥后,尤其是36t·hm^-2施用量时,土壤中Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、As和№的含量均显著增加,但是施用污泥4．5至36t·hm^-2后,除小麦籽粒中Zn、Cu含量和玉米籽粒中Zn、Cr含量显著增加外,其他痕量元素在小麦和玉米籽粒中的含量没有显著增加。作物籽粒中Zn含量与土壤中污泥施加量之间存在着显著的线性回归关系,土壤中增施1t·hm^-2之污泥,小麦和玉米籽粒中Zn的含量分别增加0．570和0．118mg·kg^-1。小麦和玉米籽粒除M和Pb的富集系数相近外,对其他痕量元素而言,小麦籽粒的富集系数显著高于玉米籽粒。从痕量元素的累积速率和现行土壤环境质量标准考虑,北京污泥中Hg是优先考虑控制的元素,但是污泥中№对食品安全的影响还需要进行长期的大田实验研究。     

施用碳酸钙对土壤铅、镉、锌交换态含量及在大豆中累积分布的影响

在重金属复合污染的土壤中,通过施用不同水平的碳酸钙对土壤进行改良,研究土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn交换态含量的变化以及在大豆植株中的累积分布.结果表明:(1)在污染土壤中施用碳酸钙,能够降低土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn交换态含量,且随着碳酸钙施用量的增加,土壤中这3种重金属交换态含量呈明显降低趋势.在土壤中施用碳酸钙改善了大豆植株的生长状况,有效地抑制大豆植株对土壤Pb、Cd、Zn的吸收.从而减缓了重金属对大豆植株的毒害作用.(2)2.0 g/kg为碳酸钙的最佳施用量,能使大豆籽粒增产47.5%.籽粒中Pb含量降低73.0%,Cd含量降低53.8%,但在这个重金属污染矿区土壤中施用碳酸钙仍无法使籽粒中的重金属含量达到国家粮食卫生标准中Pb、Cd低于0.2 mg/kg的标准.     

城市污泥与湖泊底泥土地利用对土壤-植物系统中养分及重金属Cd、Pb的影响

采用田间小区试验，探讨了城市污泥与湖泊底泥土地利用对土壤-植物系统中养分及重金属Cd、Pb的影响。结果表明，城市污泥与湖泊底泥能有效增加土壤养分含量；重金属Cd、Pb仅累积在土壤耕层，难以向下迁移；随施用量的增加，小麦籽粒产量及其对养分的吸收量均随之增加，但仍有大量养分存留在土壤中；植株对重金属的富集顺序表现为根系〉茎叶〉籽粒，Cd〉Pb，其中，籽粒中重金属Cd、Pb含量均未超出我国食品中重金属限量的卫生标准；如果该污泥、底泥分别以100，200t／hm^2的施用量施入土壤，可以连续施月5a和6a     

长期化肥配施不同有机肥对土壤和玉米中重金属累积的影响

  【目的】  明确长期化肥配施有机肥对重金属元素在土壤和农作物籽粒、秸秆中积累的影响及其环境效应，为安全高效施肥提供科学依据。  【方法】  在北京市农林科学院新型肥料长期定位试验站进行了为期10年的田间试验，其种植模式为冬小麦–夏玉米轮作，试验处理为不施肥 (CK)、单施化肥 (NPK)、氮磷钾 + 鸡粪堆肥的有机肥料 (NPKJF)、氮磷钾 + 污泥堆肥的有机肥料 (NPKWN)、氮磷钾 + 垃圾堆肥的有机肥料 (NPKLJ) 和氮磷钾 + 秸秆粉碎还田 (NPKJG) 共6个处理，施肥处理依据等氮量施肥原则，每季作物施 N 180 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 90.0 kg/hm2、K₂O 90.0 kg/hm2。在玉米收获后测定了玉米秸秆、籽粒和0—20 cm耕层土壤中重金属全量。  【结果】  添加污泥处理显著提高了土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Zn的含量，单因子污染指数分别比对照提高了45.10%、150.00%、104.00%、44.60%、65.80%。不同施肥处理对土壤中全量Cd、Cr、Hg、Cu、Zn存在一定的富集效果。各处理重金属单项污染指数在0.02～0.46，远小于1，综合污染指数为0.23～0.36，均小于0.7，试验区土壤重金属均为无污染等级。施用有机废弃物堆肥的处理玉米籽粒Cd、Cu、Zn含量比对照显著增加，各处理间Hg、As、Cr、Pb、Ni含量差异不显著，连续10年定位施肥后试验站土壤以及玉米籽粒中重金属含量均未超标。同一作物不同部位对重金属的富集能力不同，玉米秸秆对重金属的富集能力大于籽粒。玉米籽粒中Pb、Cu、Zn含量与土壤Pb、Cu、Zn含量存在正相关性，玉米秸秆中Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni含量与土壤中Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni含量呈正相关或者显著负相关。  【结论】  在施氮总量不变的前提下，连续施用供试有机堆肥10年后，土壤重金属含量均未超标，土壤重金属单项污染指数在0.02～0.46，综合污染指数为0.23～0.36，无污染风险。只有污泥堆肥需要加强土壤Cd的监测。玉米秸秆对重金属的富集能力大于籽粒。玉米籽粒中Pb、Cu、Zn含量与土壤相应重金属含量存在正相关性，秸秆中Cd、Pb、Hg、Zn与Cr、Ni含量与土壤中相应重金属含量呈正相关，而秸秆中Cr、Ni含量与土壤中相应重金属含量呈负相关。     

重庆市城市污泥中的重金属及其农用环境容量

城市污泥农用的环境风险取决于城市污泥中的污染物含量及土壤理化性质。该文分析了重庆市10个城市污水处理厂污泥中的Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd含量及形态,根据土壤环境容量及氮肥施用量计算了重庆主要旱地土壤的最大施用量和年施用量。结果表明,重庆市城市污泥中的Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd含量分别为362.12～725.32mg/kg,69.84～170.22mg/kg,21.25～107.24mg/kg和1.26～4.25mg/kg。污泥中不稳定态Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd的比例分别为42.89%～44.74%,2.69%～9.45%,0.95%～12.06%和61.05%～79.91%。根据土壤重金属的静态容量,计算出重庆主要旱地土壤紫色土和黄壤城市污泥的一次性最高施用量分别为384.62t/hm2和98.90t/hm2。根据土壤重金属动态容量,以15、20、50为年限,计算出的城市污泥的年施用量,紫色土为66.10,60.91和55.71t/(hm2·a),黄壤为30.32,28.99和27.53t/(hm2·a)。根据作物的需氮量计算城市污泥的年施用量为3.04～6.40t/(hm2·a),该施用量低于根据土壤环境的动态容量计算的施用量,按此用量施用城市污泥更安全。     

污泥堆肥对盐碱土土壤环境和作物生长的影响

以城市污水处理厂污泥堆肥为研究对象,采用盆栽试验方法研究不同用量(0%,5%,10%,20%)污泥堆肥施入盐碱土后,对玉米、大豆生长情况及土壤环境的影响。结果表明,施用污泥堆肥可降低盐碱土pH值和总盐含量,提高土壤养分及酶活,增加土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮,同时施用污泥堆肥土壤重金属Zn、Cu含量增加,当施用量为20%时,土壤Zn含量超标。另外,玉米和大豆在污泥堆肥施用比例分别为10%和5%时长势最佳,且作物籽粒中重金属含量在国家食品卫生标准范围内。     

石灰及其后效对玉米吸收重金属影响的田间实例研究

通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。     

Possibilities of using sewage sludge as nitrogen fertilizer for maize

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates (256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha^?1 or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha^?1 sludge), two nitrogen rates (80 and 160 kg N ha^?1) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha^?1 sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha^?1 sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha^?1 sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha^?1 sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn, We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha^?1 could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.     

Effects of sewage sludge application method on corn production

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effects of land application of municipal sewage sludge to agricultural land in Upper Cumberland Region of the Tennessee valley. Treatments included single and annual applications of sewage sludge both surface applied and injected into the soil. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effects of different land application methods of sewage sludge on corn grain yields. Other objectives were to determine the plant availability and migration of sludge Cu and Zn, and to determine organic N mineralization rates based on corn yield and leaf N content. Application of sewage sludge positively affected corn grain yields due to increased availability of N, and in drought years soil moisture. Yield and leaf N content data suggest that organic N mineralization rates near 50% in the year of application and 30% in the second year. Application of sewage sludge resulted in a greater increase in availability of Cu at the soil surface as compared to Zn, however neither Cu or Zn leached from the surface of the soil.     

植物处理后的城市污泥农用对玉米生长的影响

采用东南景天单种、东南景天与香芋套种对污泥进行植物处理,将植物处理后的污泥作为肥料与上层土壤混合后种植玉米,并设不同的肥料处理来研究对玉米生长的影响。结果表明,利用植物处理后的污泥作为肥料种植玉米,玉米生长良好,且长势和产量明显优于对照和施用化肥的处理,其中单种东南景天处理后的污泥与土壤混合种植的玉米籽粒的产量最高,分别是对照和化肥处理的3.26和2.66倍;利用植物处理后的污泥作为肥料所生产的玉米籽粒中Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb的含量符合国家饲料卫生安全标准,作为饲料是安全的。     

连续施用有机肥对菜田土壤Cu和Zn积累及辣椒产量品质的影响

采用田间随机区组试验,研究了不同用量鸡粪和猪粪有机肥(0,15,30,45和60 t/hm^2)施用后,重金属Cu和Zn在土壤剖面迁移积累特征,及辣椒产量、品质和各器官(根、茎、叶和果实)Cu和Zn含量的变化。结果表明,鸡粪和猪粪施用显著增加了耕层(0—20 cm)土壤Cu和Zn含量,与对照相比,Cu含量增幅分别达到22.60%~66.59%和36.13%~95.00%,Zn含量增幅分别达到10.49%~39.27%和11.18%~51.94%,猪粪施用后耕层(0—20 cm)土壤Cu和Zn含量增幅大于鸡粪;鸡粪和猪粪带入的Cu和Zn主要积累在耕层(0—20 cm)土壤,Cu和Zn含量最高分别为36.95,137.24 mg/kg,尚未超出国家安全标准。高用量(60 t/hm^2)鸡粪和猪粪中的Cu和Zn存在明显向土壤深层迁移现象,与猪粪处理相比,鸡粪中带入的Cu和Zn向下迁移的幅度小。鸡粪和猪粪施用显著提高了辣椒果实单果重及产量,在施用量为30 t/hm^2时达到最大,产量比对照分别增加24.98%和29.04%,高用量(60 t/hm^2)鸡粪和猪粪显著提高了辣椒Vc含量、蛋白质含量和可溶性糖含量,降低了硝酸盐含量,改善了辣椒品质。15 t/hm^2鸡粪和60 t/hm^2猪粪显著提高了辣椒果实Cu含量,但均未超过20 mg/kg,可以安全食用。鸡粪和猪粪的施用对果实Zn含量(16.35~20.87 mg/kg)影响不显著。可以认为,合理施用鸡粪和猪粪有机肥在短期内能够改善土壤性质,提高作物产量和品质,虽然会造成Cu和Zn在耕层(0—20 cm)土壤的积累,但尚未引起土壤Cu和Zn污染,也不影响辣椒果实的安全食用,但如果长期施用则有必要进行进一步监测。     

Heavy metal accumulation and mobility in a soil profile depend on the organic waste type applied

Purpose

While organic waste amendments can initially improve soil physicochemical properties, including nutritional benefits to plants and increased microorganism activity, long-term application of excessive amounts of organic wastes can cause accumulation of heavy metals (HMs). Thus, the current study examined the accumulation of HMs in agricultural soil profiles following organic waste application.

Materials and methods

Three common organic sludge, including municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), and leather sludge (LS), were applied annually to an agricultural soil under field conditions over 7 years (1994–2000) at a rate of 25 and 50 t ha^?1 year^?1. Subsequently, when organic sludge amendments were ceased, the experimental plots were cultivated without any treatments for another 12 years (2001–2012) and the changes in HM concentrations along the soil depth profile were monitored together with soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA).

Results and discussion

Significant increases in Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were observed down to a depth of 80 cm in soils treated with ISS and LS, where sludge application also increased the levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn and their movement down the soil profile. However, with the exception of Cu, no significant changes in HM concentrations were observed following treatment with MSS. At a depth of 80 cm, soils which had received 25 and 50 t ha^?1 LS showed, respectively, 4 and 14 times higher Cr levels than the control soil.

Conclusions

Organic sludge induced changes in soil pH and soil DOC concentration which were the key factors influencing HM movement and accumulation following organic sludge treatment.

     

Effect of sewage sludge application to amelio‐rate iron deficiency of grain sorghum

Abstract

Recent research has indicated that land application of municipal sewage sludge to calcareous soils can be used to ameliorate iron (Fe) deficiency of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monech]. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the response of grain sorghum grown on three different soils to application of sewage sludge. Sludge applied at rates of 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 25.0 g/kg soil did not completely ameliorate grain sorghum Fe deficiency. When FeEDDHA was soil applied, sewage sludge application significantly increased plant growth due to increases in soil phosphorus (P) availability. Application of sewage sludge at rates greater than 7.5 g/kg reduced dry matter production of grain sorghum in the FeEDDHA amended Orelia SC soil, the soil with the lowest total neutralizing potential. The decreases yield was possibly due to toxic levels of soil and plant copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and increased soil salinity.     

Comparison of routine soil tests and EPA method 3050 as extractants for heavy metals in Delaware soils

Abstract

Agricultural use of sewage sludges can be limited by heavy metal accumulations in soils and crops. Information on background levels of total heavy metals in soils and changes in soil metal content due to sludge application are; therefore, critical aspects of long‐term sludge monitoring programs. As soil testing laboratories routinely, and rapidly, determine, in a wide variety of agricultural soils, the levels of some heavy metals and soil properties related to plant availability of these metals (e.g. Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, pH, organic matter, texture), these labs could participate actively in the development and monitoring of environmentally sound sludge application programs. Consequently, the objective of this study was to compare three soil tests (Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, and DTP A) and an USEPA approved method for measuring heavy metals in soils (EPA Method 3050), as extractants for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in representative agricultural soils of Delaware and in soils from five sites involved in a state‐monitored sludge application program.

Soil tests extracted less than 30% of total (EPA 3050) metals from most soils, with average percentages of total metal extracted (across all soils and metals) of 15%, 32%, and 11% for the Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, and DTPA, respectively. Statistically significant correlations between total and soil test extractable metal content were obtained with all extractants for Cu, Pb, and Zn, but not Cd and Ni. The Mehlich 1 soil test was best correlated with total Cu and Zn (r=0.78***, 0.60***, respectively), while the chelate‐based extractants (DTPA and Mehlich 3) were better correlated with total Pb (r=0.85***, 0.63***). Multiple regression equations for the prediction of total Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, from soil test extractable metal in combination with easily measured soil properties (pH, organic matter by loss on ignition, soil volume weight) had R² values ranging from 0.41*** to 0.85***, suggesting that it may be possible to monitor, with reasonable success, heavy metal accumulations in soils using the results of a routine soil test.     

盐土改良肥对草甸盐土的改良效果和对甜菜经济效益的影响

[目的]研究甘肃省河西走廊盐土改良肥对草甸盐土改良效果和甜菜经济效益的影响,为该区甜菜产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市肃州区铧尖乡草甸盐土,采用田间试验方法开展研究。[结果]影响甜菜产量的原料依次是:盐土调控剂甜菜专用肥有机碳肥。盐土改良肥配方组合为:甜菜专用肥0.0586:盐土调控剂0.0623:有机碳肥0.8791。盐土改良肥施用量与草甸盐土孔隙度、团聚体、持水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾、甜菜农艺性状、经济性状和产量之间呈显著的正相关关系,与容重、pH值、全盐含量之间呈显著的负相关关系。经回归统计分析,盐土改良肥经济效益最佳施用量为39.64t/hm2,甜菜块根理论产量为96.68t/hm2。施用盐土改良肥与传统的抗盐丰盐碱土改良剂和沃丰隆盐碱土改良剂比较,施肥利润分别增加414.48,946.10%元/hm2。[结论]施用盐土改良肥,可以改善草甸盐土理化性质,提高酶活性和甜菜产量。     

Effect of sewage sludge and its biochar on chemical properties of two calcareous soils and maize shoot yield

Little information is available regarding the effect of sewage sludge biochar on soil properties and crop yield. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (S) and its biochar (B) on maize shoot yield, nutrients and heavy metals uptake in two calcareous soils. The amendments were applied at the rates of 0, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha^?1. Moreover, NK treatment was included to compare the effects of S and B with conventional fertilization. At harvest time, plant shoots and soil samples were collected for yield, nutrients uptake and chemical analyses. The highest shoot dry matter was obtained in the S treatment. The B application in the clay loam and loam soils resulted in 5.2% increment and 17.7% decrement of shoot dry matter relative to the control, respectively. Shoot dry matter in the NK treatment was significantly higher than in the control. B application decreased Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb uptake by maize shoot. DTPA-extractable Pb in B-amended soils was lower than in control, while an inverse trend was obtained for available Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. Biochar application at the rate of 7.3 Mg ha^?1 might be suggested for maize cultivation in clay loam soils.     

兰州市城市污泥施用对小麦生长和重金属富集的影响

以兰州市安宁区污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,采用盆栽的方法研究污泥土地利用后对土壤中重金属含量以及对3种小麦生长和重金属富集的影响。结果表明,污泥施用后使污泥混合土壤中重金属Pb、Cu、Zn含量显著增加,但3种重金属含量均未超过我国土壤环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995)中的限制性标准值。污泥土地施用后,小麦获得了良好的生长响应。污泥低施入量(污泥在混配土壤中的干重比为5%、10%、15%)时不同程度的促进了小麦的生长发育,使3种小麦出苗率提高,植株更高,生物量增加。污泥高施入量(污泥在混配土壤中的干重比为25%、35%)时,小麦的出苗率和根长受抑制明显。污泥的施用使小麦籽实中的Pb、Cu、Zn的含量显著升高,呈现递增趋势,污泥在混配土壤中的干重比超过25%时,籽实中Cu和Pb含量相对国家无公害食品标准有超标现象。综合考虑污泥对小麦生长和重金属富集的影响及土壤中重金属含量的变化,对小麦的耕种土壤中一次性施用污泥时,污泥在混配土壤中的干重比应限量在25%以下。