不同类型药剂对水稻褐飞虱的活性及复配增效作用

采用稻茎浸渍法测定了18种杀虫剂对褐飞虱的毒力,选活性较好的药剂进行复配,筛选出具有较高活性的混剂,测定不同类型增效剂的增效作用与复合增效作用,并研究混剂与复合增效剂的最佳增效配伍。结果表明,18种药剂对褐飞虱的毒力大小次序为:氟虫腈噻嗪酮烯啶虫胺氟铃脲噻虫嗪甲维盐吡蚜酮阿维菌素丁醚脲毒死蜱速灭威啶虫脒异丙威联苯菊酯吡虫啉高效氯氟氰菊酯三唑磷马拉硫磷,其中氟虫腈的活性最高,是吡虫啉的128.38倍。不同药剂复配中,烯啶虫胺与噻嗪酮(30∶70)复配的共毒系数最高,为246.02。6种增效剂与药剂混配增效作用,以氮酮、有机硅最好,增效比在2.69~2.85之间,并且将两者按40∶60配比后,其联合增效作用有显著提高。     

不同杀虫药剂对水稻“两迁”害虫田间药效研究

针对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟（“两迁”害虫）化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2013年对新烟碱类、三嗪酮类、几丁质合成抑制剂类、氨基甲酸酯类等6种杀虫药剂对褐飞虱以及双酰胺类、大环内酯类、缩氨基脲类、有机磷类等9种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟进行田间防治效果评价。结果表明,施药后5 d和10 d,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮对褐飞虱的防效分别为77.9%~90.9%和77.0%~90.5%,异丙威和噻嗪酮防效分别为40.1%~65.9%和20.6%~49.9%,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、吡蚜酮与异丙威、噻嗪酮防效差异显著。施药后14 d,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙防治稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果都在80%以上,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐为71.3%,溴氰虫酰胺、稻散×毒死蜱、丙溴磷保叶效果为62.2%~69.9%,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺与丙溴磷差异显著;茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、丙溴磷、稻散·毒死蜱杀虫效果都在90%以上,与溴氰虫酰胺防效61.9%差异显著。建议在实践中,可轮换使用噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治褐飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威、氰氟虫腙、有机磷类防治稻纵卷叶螟。     

褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性监测与生化抗性机制

为明确我国褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性现状及生化抗性机制,2017年-2019年采用稻茎浸渍法测定了采集自7省共13个褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性,并研究了氟啶虫胺腈抗性种群与其他杀虫剂的交互抗性以及增效剂对氟啶虫胺腈的增效效果。结果表明：近3年来褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈产生了中等水平抗性(RR=10.3～30.9)。氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系对呋虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺分别产生了9.1倍、7.9倍和4.1倍的低水平交互抗性,与噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、三氟苯嘧啶和吡虫啉不存在交互抗性。增效剂PBO对氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系和浙江龙游19(Longyou-19)田间种群分别具有4.2倍和3.8倍的明显增效作用。综上,褐飞虱田间种群已对氟啶虫胺腈产生中等水平抗性。多功能氧化酶参与了褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈的代谢抗性。     

灰飞虱对几种杀虫剂的抗性

采用稻苗浸渍法测定了灰飞虱对7种常用杀虫剂的抗性。2011年监测了我国江苏、浙江、安徽三省9个灰飞虱种群对噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮、高效氯氰菊酯及氟虫腈的抗性。结果表明:灰飞虱对噻虫嗪都处于敏感阶段(0.6~2.2倍);对烯啶虫胺处于敏感阶段(0.8~3.0倍);对毒死蜱产生了中-高水平抗性(17.5~83.6倍);对吡蚜酮为敏感到低水平抗性(1.9~5.5倍);对噻嗪酮的抗性为高-极高水平(136.4~271.1倍);对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性为低-中等水平(5.2~34.9倍);对氟虫腈为低水平抗性(0.9~8.0倍)。基于灰飞虱对7种药剂的抗性情况,对田间治理灰飞虱合理使用药剂进行了讨论。     

河南省灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性现状分析

为明确河南省不同地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,于2020—2021年,采用稻苗浸渍法分别测定了河南新乡、濮阳、开封、驻马店及信阳等地区灰飞虱田间种群对12种杀虫剂的抗性水平。结果表明:河南省灰飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮产生了中等水平抗性,抗性倍数 (RR) =14.9~91.1;对吡蚜酮 (RR=6.91~16.7) 和毒死蜱 (RR=8.48~70.0) 产生了低至中等水平抗性;对三唑磷 (RR=1.29~11.1) 处于敏感至中等水平抗性;对噻虫嗪 (RR=0.95~5.19) 和高效氯氟氰菊酯 (RR=3.31~7.24) 处于敏感至低水平抗性;对吡虫啉 (RR=0.89~3.92)、啶虫脒 (RR=1.11~2.33)、烯啶虫胺 (RR=0.16~0.64)、呋虫胺 (RR=1.87~3.86)、异丙威 (RR=0.47~1.37) 和氟啶虫酰胺 (RR=1.63~4.33) 均仍处于敏感水平。研究结果可为河南省田间灰飞虱的可持续性防控以及杀虫剂的科学合理使用提供参考。     

几种农药防治大龄高密度褐飞虱田间药效试验

试验结果表明:80%烯啶虫胺.吡蚜酮WG施用20g/667m2,对高密度大龄褐飞虱有显著防效,药后3d、7d和14d防效分别达到81.51%、99.03%和99.54%;10%烯啶虫胺AS施用160g/667m2,药后3d、7d和14d防效分别达到70.6%、96.21%和97.93%,均优于25%吡蚜酮WP 32g/667m2、10g/L醚菊酯SC120g/667m2、80%敌敌畏EC160g/667m2+25%噻嗪酮WP120g/667m2,且对水稻安全,适宜水稻中后期爆发的高密度大龄褐飞虱防治。     

拟水狼蛛对褐飞虱捕食功能反应及两者空间分布型

通过对湖南晚稻常规稻、杂交稻和超级杂交稻田的拟水狼蛛和褐飞虱进行调查,运用Taylor幂法和Iwao的回归分析法对拟水狼蛛、褐飞虱若虫及成虫的空间分布型拟合,两种方法研究结果表明:褐飞虱若虫、短翅型成虫和长翅型成虫在3个水稻品种上都为聚集分布,拟水狼蛛为随机分布。采用HollingⅡ型拟合拟水狼蛛对褐飞虱若虫、短翅型成虫和长翅型成虫的捕食功能,结果表明拟水狼蛛对三者捕食功能大小顺序为若虫长翅雄虫长翅雌虫短翅雄虫短翅雌虫,日最大捕食量分别为64.4、37.4、42.8、28.1头和35.1头。     

褐飞虱、白背飞虱危害损失当量测定

稻飞虱是我区水稻主要害虫之一,在田间主要以白背飞虱、褐飞虱及其不同虫态造成危害,为准确预测预报稻飞虱对水稻产量的损失提供依据,开展了这项研究。一、研究方法:1、盆栽试验:A、处理:试验设①白背飞虱小若虫(二龄);②白背飞虱大若虫(四龄);③白背飞虱长翅型雄虫;④白背飞虱长翅型雌虫;⑥白背飞虱短翅型雌虫;⑥褐飞虱小若虫(二龄):⑦褐飞虱大若虫(四龄);⑧褐飞虱长翅型雄虫;⑨褐飞虱长翅型雌虫;⑩褐飞虱短翅型雌     

安徽庐江褐飞虱的抗药性监测及不同杀虫剂对其田间防效评价

近年来,褐飞虱田间种群已对多种药剂产生了抗性,为筛选可防控褐飞虱的高效药剂,2020年-2022年采用稻茎浸渍法连续测定了安徽省庐江县褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫胺腈等5种药剂的抗性水平,并在庐江县开展了不同药剂对褐飞虱田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,2020年-2022年褐飞虱种群对吡蚜酮始终处于高水平抗性(抗性倍数104.6~154.4倍),对呋虫胺的抗性从中等水平上升至高水平(抗性倍数77.7~157.2倍),对氟啶虫胺腈、烯啶虫胺处于中等水平抗性(氟啶虫胺腈抗性倍数21.3~64.5倍、烯啶虫胺抗性倍数14.6~22.6倍),对三氟苯嘧啶处于敏感状态。庐江单季稻试验田田间试验结果表明,在推荐高剂量下,20%三氟苯嘧啶WG、10%异唑虫嘧啶SC等介离子杀虫剂对褐飞虱速效性和持效性表现较好,除了药后1 d 20%三氟苯嘧啶WG防效为74.72%外,2种药剂3~14 d的防效都在80%以上;50%烯啶虫胺SG、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC防效次之,药后1 d防效在67.63%~71.61%,药后3 d至7 d防效有所提高,为77.16%~84.13%,而药后14 d防效降为71.52%~75.77%;50%吡蚜酮WG药后1~7 d防效均在约70%,而药后14 d下降为62.12%;20%氟啶虫酰胺SC、20%呋虫胺WG、10%醚菊酯SC速效性和持效性都表现较差,药后1~14 d防治效果都在80%以下。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明三氟苯嘧啶等介离子类杀虫药剂作为新型杀虫剂品种,可与新烟碱类、吡蚜酮及其混剂交替轮换使用,用于抗药性褐飞虱的治理。     

药剂防治晚稻褐飞虱田间药效试验

试验选用几种新烟碱杀虫剂进行防治晚稻褐飞虱田间药效试验。结果表明:药后4d,10%烯啶虫胺水剂15.0mL/667m~2、21%噻虫嗪悬浮剂17.0mL/667m~2和25%呋虫胺悬浮剂32.0mL/667m~2防效分别为90.46%、87.37%、86.03%,均比对照药剂25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂24.0mL/667m~2的防效85.64%,防效提高0.39～4.82个百分点;药后13d分别为82.68%、80.71%、76.08%,其药效期与25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂差异不显著;均可作为当前防治晚稻褐飞虱药剂或交替使用的药剂加以推广应用。     

Susceptibility to neonicotinoids and risk of resistance development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, outbreaks of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), have occurred more frequently in China. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of N. lugens to neonicotinoids and other insecticides in major rice production areas in China. RESULTS: Results indicated that substantial variations in the susceptibility to different insecticides existed in N. lugens. Field populations had developed variable resistance levels to neonicotinoids, with a high resistance level to imidacloprid (RR: 135.3–301.3‐fold), a medium resistance level to imidaclothiz (RR: 35–41.2‐fold), a low resistance level to thiamethoxam (up to 9.9‐fold) and no resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid (RR < 3‐fold). Further examinations indicated that a field population had developed medium resistance level to fipronil (up to 10.5‐fold), and some field populations had evolved a low resistance level to buprofezin. In addition, N. lugens had been able to develop 1424‐fold resistance to imidacloprid in the laboratory after the insect was selected with imidacloprid for 26 generations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term use of imidacloprid in a wide range of rice‐growing areas might be associated with high levels of resistance in N. lugens. Therefore, insecticide resistance management strategies must be developed to prevent further increase in resistance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Toxicities and sublethal effects of seven neonicotinoid insecticides on survival, growth and reproduction of imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii

BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid has been a major neonicotinoid insecticide for controlling Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and other piercing–sucking pests. However, the resistance to imidacloprid has been recorded in many target insects. At the same time, cross‐resistance of imidacloprid and other insecticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been detected. RESULTS: Results showed that the level of cross‐resistance was different between imidacloprid and tested neonicotinoid insecticides (no cross‐resistance: dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and clothianidin; a 3.68–5.79‐fold cross‐resistance: acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiacloprid). In the study of sublethal effects, imidacloprid at LC₂₀ doses could suppress weight gain and honeydew excretion, but showed no significant effects on longevity and fecundity of the imidacloprid‐resistant cotton aphid, A. gossypii. However, other neonicotinoid insecticides showed significant adverse effects on biological characteristics (body weight, honeydew excretion, longevity and fecundity) in the order of dinotefuran > thiamethoxam and clothianidin > nitenpyram > thiacloprid and acetamiprid. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dinotefuran is the most effective insecticide for use against imidacloprid‐resistant A. gossypii. To avoid further resistance development, the use of nitenpyram, acetamiprid and thiacloprid should be avoided on imidacloprid‐resistant populations of A. gossypii. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

近两年贵州省白背飞虱的抗药性现状

采用稻茎浸渍法测定了2013年和2014年采自贵州省贵阳、平坝、遵义、黔西、平塘及玉屏6地白背飞虱种群对8种杀虫剂的敏感性。测定结果表明,白背飞虱对噻虫嗪的敏感性最高,LC50值为0.060~0.93 mg/L(平均0.33mg/L);其次为吡虫啉、毒死蜱、环氧虫啶和噻嗪酮,其LC50值分别为0.080~2.84mg/L(平均1.03mg/L)、1.09~3.89 mg/L(平均2.27 mg/L)、0.59~10.07 mg/L(平均2.71 mg/L)和0.28~18.15 mg/L(平均4.96mg/L);白背飞虱对敌敌畏、吡蚜酮和异丙威的敏感性相对较低,LC50值为0.89~57.96mg/L,LC50平均值分别为10.03、12.16和22.44mg/L。两年抗药性检测结果表明,贵州省6地白背飞虱种群对吡蚜酮、噻嗪酮和吡虫啉表现出低至中等水平的抗性,而对其余5种药剂仍较敏感。     

七种新烟碱类杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫及蚯蚓的选择毒力

为筛选出高效安全的韭蛆防治药剂,室内采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法比较了吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉与毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种对照药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒力,同时用人工土壤法测定了13种药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,并通过盆栽试验验证了其对韭蛆和蚯蚓的选择毒力。结果表明,吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫的毒力明显高于6种对照药剂,对虫酰肼的相对毒力倍数分别为101.6、55.0、32.9、27.2、13.6;13种供试药剂中,除吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺对蚯蚓中等毒性外,其余均为低毒;盆栽试验中,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻唑膦、高效氯氟氰菊酯的防虫效果和保苗效果均分别高于其它药剂,但其中只有噻虫嗪对蚯蚓没有明显致死作用。     

Sublethal effects of four insecticides on the reproduction and wing formation of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a major rice pest in many parts of Asia. Neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and dinotefuran are widely used for control of this pest, and resistance to these insecticides has developed in recent years. This pest has also been widely exposed to triazophos and fenvalerate, although these insecticides are not used for the control of the pest directly. Here, the effects of sublethal doses of these four insecticides on the reproduction and wing formation in BPH were examined. RESULTS: Imidacloprid and dinotefuran reduced the fecundity of BPH to 68.8% and 52.4% in macropterous families, and to 57.9% and 43.1% in brachypterous families, when compared with the untreated controls. By contrast, triazophos and fenvalerate increased fecundity. In both macropterous and brachypterous families, sublethal doses of imidacloprid and dinotefuran showed significant induction of macropterous adults. CONCLUSION: Imidacloprid and dinotefuran could reduce the fecundity of BPH to a significant extent, demonstrating further activity against this pest in addition to their direct toxicity. The significant induction of macropterous adults by sublethal doses of imidacloprid and dinotefuran is of importance in the management of this pest, particularly in the areas of predicting the size of emigrating populations and the numbers of insects likely to occur in newly colonized areas. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

六种新烟碱类杀虫剂残留在苹果实验室模拟加工中的变化

为明确苹果中残留的烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺和啶虫脒6种新烟碱类药剂在不同加工过程中的变化情况,采用高效液相色谱法研究了6种药剂在苹果实验室罐头、果酱、果酒和果醋模拟加工过程中的残留量变化。结果表明:在苹果罐头加工过程中,6种药剂在罐头中残留量与初始浓度相比均显著降低,其中吡虫啉和噻虫胺在罐头中的加工因子较高,均为0.8,啶虫脒在罐头中的加工因子最低,为0.1。罐头汁中烯啶虫胺的加工因子最高,为0.5,其次为啶虫脒和噻虫嗪,均为0.4。在果酱加工过程中,烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺和啶虫脒的加工因子分别为0.8、0.9、0.9、1.0、0.9和0.9。在果酒中除吡虫啉的加工因子为0.1外,其余药剂加工因子均小于0.1。在果醋中除噻虫胺有少量残留(0.05 mg/kg)外,其余药剂均低于检出限。6种新烟碱类药剂在苹果实验室模拟加工过程中,加工因子均小于1,残留降低。     

基于推荐用量分析我国新烟碱类杀虫剂的登记现状

本文对目前中国农药信息网上公布登记的吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氯噻啉、哌虫啶、环氧虫啶等10种新烟碱类杀虫剂的信息进行了查询,分别从登记剂型、作物、防治靶标等方面对这10种杀虫剂的登记推荐有效成分用量情况进行了统计分析,最后,挑选用量范围最大的3种有效成分,5种作物,5种靶标进行组合,并对可能的18种组合进行了数据分析。结果发现:1)在防治草坪-蛴螬和甘蔗-蔗螟上,吡虫啉的有效成分用量要明显高于噻虫嗪和噻虫胺两种药剂,最高分别为2 100.00和1 500.00 g/hm~2;2)在防治韭菜-韭蛆上,噻虫嗪的有效成分用量要明显高于吡虫啉和噻虫胺,最高为1 732.50 g/hm~2;3)在防治小麦-蚜虫方面,吡虫啉的推荐有效成分用量范围最大(相差120倍),且偏高数值点最多;4)在防治水稻-飞虱上,同样是吡虫啉的偏高数值点最多。为减少农药施用,建议在病虫防治时推荐应用有效成分用量较低的农药类型(包括推荐有效成分用量更低的农药剂型和生物活性更高的农药有效成分)。未来农药登记用量将在农药最低有效剂量研究的基础上,针对不同药剂在不同作物的特定防治靶标提出更加科学、合理的推荐用量,为我国农药的合理减施提供科学依据。     

21种化学药剂对新疆棉田主要害虫毒力及对多异瓢虫的安全性

为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC₅₀由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC₅₀从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC₅₀由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。     

不同杀虫剂对水稻黑尾叶蝉防控效果初探

为明确不同药剂对黑尾叶蝉的防治效果,2013年进行了田间药效比较试验。结果表明:烯啶·噻嗪酮70%可溶性粒剂、呋虫胺25%可湿性粉剂、烯啶虫胺60%可湿性粉剂、噻虫嗪25%可溶性粒剂和吡虫啉25%可湿性粉剂等药剂对黑尾叶蝉均具有理想的防治效果,可作为稻田不同时期黑尾叶蝉的防治药剂。其中烯啶·噻嗪酮70%可溶性粒剂对黑尾叶蝉成虫和若虫均具有较好的速效性和持效性,可迅速有效地控制田间虫量,药后1~10d的防效为68.53%~100%。