畜禽粪便乱堆放的源头治理措施

畜禽粪便的治理以及环境保护决定着畜牧业的可持续发展。畜禽养殖的快速发展,促进了农业增效,农民增收,同时,也产生了不容忽视的环境污染,威胁人类的健康安全,而且严重制约了畜牧业的持续稳定发展。杜绝畜禽粪便乱堆放现象,畜禽粪便乱排放的源头治理具有重要的意义。近年来,长安区的畜禽粪便治理工作一直有条不紊的开展,规模养殖场的粪污处理设施配建工作取得了一定的成绩,但是也产生了一些问题。笔者通过对畜禽粪便治理现状的调查分析,针对畜禽粪便乱堆放的源头问题以及治理措施进行了思考,提出了几点治理措施,有效堵住畜禽粪便乱堆放的现象发生。     

畜禽粪便废弃物的治理措施

随着畜牧业的发展和壮大,畜禽粪便废弃物的量也在提升,而畜禽废弃物中有很多污染环境的成分,因此必须要采取有效的措施去进行治理。本文首先对于畜禽粪便废弃物的污染成分进行分析,接着探究畜禽粪便废弃物的治理措施,希望可以引导畜禽类粪便废弃物的治理朝着更加有效的方向发展和进步。     

松花江流域畜禽粪便污染状况及治理建议——基于对吉林市养殖场(户)的调查

当前畜禽养殖业规模化程度不断提高,粪便处理设施未能配套建设,面临粪便污染治理严峻局面。本文通过对吉林市1 823个养殖场(户)的实地调查,对当地畜禽粪便产生、治理、排放出现的问题及原因进行分析,借鉴其他地区粪污治理经验并结合实际,提出畜禽粪便污染治理建议。     

从“农户沼气”到“产业沼气”是趋势

<正>畜禽粪便的资源化与其治理是相辅相成的,必须彻底摒弃将畜禽粪便看作是"污染物",治理是为了"达标排放污水"的观念。应在循环利用和资源化过程中,自然而然地实现畜禽粪便的价值,从而推动畜禽粪便的治理。沼气工程未能很好利用必须充分重视规模化养殖必然会引     

对咸阳市畜禽粪便污染环境问题的初探

对咸阳地区的畜禽养殖状况,畜禽粪便的污染程度,畜禽粪便治理的现状与存在的问题,提出了治理的措施及治理后的前景,以期为政府部门在研究制定成阳市规范时提供考虑.     

盐城市盐都区畜禽粪便污染现状与治理对策

根据2018年以来盐城市盐都区畜禽饲养状况的有关资料,利用各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算盐都区畜禽粪便污染负荷量。研究发现,盐都区畜禽养殖业产生的粪便及各类污染物数量大,畜禽粪便污染负荷量为10.02 t/(hm~2·a)。本文分析了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了治理畜禽养殖污染的对策。     

畜禽粪便污染的治理与资源化利用分析——以邹平县长山镇为例

随着我国畜牧养殖业的快速发展,畜禽粪便对环境造成的污染问题日益凸显,导致养殖场附近的大气、土壤、水源出现质量下降。本文通过对邹平县畜禽养殖户和畜禽粪污处理相关从业者进行走访和调查,分析邹平县目前处理畜禽粪便存在的问题,发现目前畜禽粪污处理存在的问题主要有:部分养殖户未建立相应的粪污处理设施,或是设施利用率不高;传统养殖户处理畜禽粪污观念淡薄,乱排乱放畜禽粪便。其原因是养殖户和畜禽粪便经营者无治理能力、政府政策落实不到位,监管力度不大等。本文根据《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》中的相关规定,结合当地政策和当地畜禽粪便处理现状,给出几点治理畜禽粪便污染和有效利用畜禽粪便的建议和措施。     

微生物治理畜禽粪便臭味的作用机理

饲料中添加微生物是减少畜禽粪便污染的有效途径。微生物可以有效治理畜禽粪便中的臭味,其控制畜禽粪便恶臭的机制主要是通过降氨、氨硝化和氨挥发而起作用。本文在介绍了我国畜禽粪便的产量现状和畜禽粪便的组成成分的基础上,从降氨、氨硝化、NO3挥发等方面探讨了畜禽粪便恶臭的微生物处理机理,以期为养殖场粪便处理工作提供参考。     

家禽粪便污染治理现状及发展趋势

畜禽粪便污染防治是一项综合技术,是关系着我国畜禽养殖业发展的重要因素。本文主要阐述了畜禽粪便污染治理存在的问题、防治对策及研究动态。并着重介绍了畜禽粪便生态还田技术、生态养殖模式探索、组建养殖业联合体、畜禽粪便饲料肥料化技术等有效解决畜禽粪便污染问题的新思维和新方法。     

浅谈畜禽粪便污染及治理措施

据有关部门测算,一个存栏10万只鸡的工厂化养鸡场,年产鸡粪达3600多吨,一个万头猪场的日污水排放量约为100～150吨.随着畜禽养殖规模的不断扩大,养殖业发展造成的畜禽粪便污染问题日益引起人们关注,从根本上治理畜禽养殖造成的粪便污染,刻不容缓.笔者通过分析畜禽粪便污染的不同因素,从饲料投入控制环节,提出了畜禽粪便污染治理的方法与途径,以供大家参考.     

Rabbit behavior.

Rabbit behavior is complex and closely related to wild rabbit behavior. The rabbit as a prey species, the rabbit's environment and natural social structure, and the rabbit as an herbivore all play significant roles in rabbit behavior. Stress, especially the stress related to predation, crowding, heat, and inappropriate caging, may affect the behavior of the pet rabbit and its success as a medical or surgical patient. The veterinarian treating the pet rabbit will have a higher level of success if these stresses and the rabbit's behaviors and physiologic responses related to them are taken into consideration.     

肉牛经济性状主效基因研究进展

牛是重要的家畜之一,在役用、肉用和乳用等方面对社会有着重要的贡献。通过鉴定牛经济性状相关基因及其变异有助于提高育种效率,增加经济效益。随着现代生物技术的发展,对牛经济性状主效基因的挖掘变得更加准确。已鉴定与牛生长发育相关的PLAG1基因,与繁殖相关的GDF9基因,与肉质相关的CAST基因,与胴体相关的MSTN基因,与毛色相关的MC1R基因,与泌乳相关的DGAT1基因等。针对牛不同性状进行合理的分子选育对牛业发展有着重要的经济价值和意义。本文对近年来黄牛生长发育性状、繁殖性状、肉质性状、胴体性状、毛色性状和泌乳性状主效基因研究进展进行综述,为今后黄牛遗传育种研究提供参考依据。     

体外产气法评价青海高原燕麦青干草与天然牧草组合效应

本研究采用体外产气法评价了青海高原反刍家畜补饲用燕麦青干草分别与藏嵩草、金露梅+珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草3种天然牧草均按0∶100,25∶75,50∶50,75∶25,100∶0的比例两两组合后的发酵产气特性。结果表明,48 h产气量、理论最大产气量与NDS(P＜0.01)呈正相关关系,而与NDF(P＜0.01)、HC(P＜0.01)呈负相关关系;产气速率常数与HC(P＜0.01)呈负相关关系;产气延滞时间与ADF(P＜0.001)、NDF(P＜0.05)呈正相关关系,而与CP(P＜0.01)、NDS(P＜0.05)呈负相关关系。不同牧草组合在发酵12～24 h的正组合效应较高,且随着发酵时间的延长,各组合均呈组合效应量逐渐减弱的变化趋势;且以燕麦青干草作为补饲草进行该地区天然草地反刍家畜的冷季营养补饲时,燕麦青干草分别与藏嵩草、金露梅+珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草草地型牧草均以50∶50比例组合较为合适。因此,做好牧草间的科学搭配组合是提高青海高原天然草地冷季牧草利用率的有效途径之一。     

鹅肥肝形成相关基因的研究进展

鹅肥肝与鲟鱼子酱、黑菌被西方人誉为世界三大美食。对于肥肝产业而言,加强对鹅遗传育种的研究,培育产肝鹅新品系有着重要的意义。作者依据肥肝形成机制,综述了近年来研究发现的影响肥肝形成的相关基因,包括主要参与脂肪合成的硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD-1)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、肝X受体(LXRα)、脂肪酸长链延伸因子6(ELOVL-6)、固醇调节元件结合蛋-1c(SREBP-1c)、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(CHREBP)基因,参与脂肪转运的脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)、长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因,以及参与脂肪氧化的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、胆固醇7a轻化酶(CYP7A1)基因等。     

Seasonal variations in the food intake of captive red grouse.

1. The daily food intake of captive red grouse was measured throughout the year. It was positively related to body weight and to daylength, and negatively to air temperature. Grouse ate more during their main summer moult, and the hens ate most while producing eggs. 2. The total weight of eggs laid was positively related to daily food intake during the 5 weeks before laying, but not to daily intake during laying. The rate at which eggs were laid was related to daily intake during laying as well as before laying. The possible significance of these results for poultry management is discussed.     

Search for an index for the taste of Japanese Black cattle beef by panel testing and chemical composition analysis

To search for an index for chemical composition related to superior taste in Japanese Black beef, we conducted panel tests and analyzed the chemical composition of seven beef brands. Thirty‐five sirloin beefs from five heifers were used in this study, sold under seven beef brands graded as more than A4 on the Japanese Meat Grade scale. The chemical composition analyses assessed both raw and roasted meat, the latter of which was roasted under the same conditions as those used for the panel test. Results of the panel test and chemical composition analyses revealed that fatty acid composition, sugar content, adenosine triphosphage (ATP)‐related compounds, amino acid composition and odor composition in the sirloin meat differed among beef brands. Furthermore, the correlations of chemical compositions between roasted and raw meat were significantly high. Sugar content and ATP‐related compounds in roasted meat were significantly correlated with the item ‘overall evaluation’ of the panel test. ATP‐related compounds, such as inosinic acid, carnosine and taurine, in roasted and raw meat were correlated significantly with the item ‘umami intensity’ of the panel test. These results suggest that the composition of these components is important for an index related to the overall evaluation of beef.     

奶牛真胃变位发病原因研究进展

奶牛真胃变位的发病原因可能与真胃壁中肠道神经元功能性紊乱有关,这对揭示奶牛真胃变位的发病机制有重要意义.真胃变位奶牛肠道神经元的一氧化氮合酶活性升高,乙酰胆碱敏感性降低,真胃的运动力减弱和排空机能受损可能与这种异常关系有关,即抑制肠道神经元的增强活性,皱胃肌肉的胆碱能神经敏感性降低.流行病学调查和试验研究已证实真胃迟缓和真胃扩张是奶牛真胃变位的主要原因,同时,品种、遗传背景、双胎、泌乳早期阶段(特别是第1周)富含高精料日粮而缺乏优质粗饲料、代谢紊乱性疾病(酮病、脂肪动员增加、胰岛素抗药性)和其他并发疾病(子宫内膜炎、乳房炎、蹄病)等都是真胃变位发生的诱发因素.     

The malignant catarrhal fever complex

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is defined as a clinicopathological syndrome caused by related herpesviruses and acquired from persistently infected wildebeest and sheep. There is convincing epidemiologic and virologic evidence that Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV1) causes the wildebeest-derived disease (WD-MCF). Present knowledge suggests that a herpesvirus related to AHV1 may be associated with some cases of the non-wildebeest-associated disease (NWA-MCF). However, this virus possibly represents a passenger virus not related with the ultimate cause of the disease. Moreover, evidence for the role played by sheep as the reservoir for the agent of NWA-MCF is not convincing and awaits confirmation.     

紫花苜蓿主根内非结构性碳水化合物累积及其与抗寒性的关系

以国内外5个不同紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,测定当年植株人工冷冻胁迫处理前后的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)累积情况,以人工控温后的再生长率为衡量指标,研究NSC累积情况与抗寒性的关系及冷冻前后的NSC累积情况。结果表明,秋季主根内可溶性糖积累浓度显著正相关于各品种的冻后再生长率(R=0.936,P0.01);淀粉浓度则与抗寒性间呈显著负相关(R=-0.880,P0.05),且根部淀粉累积总量显著负相关于其抗寒性(R=-0.923,P0.05);人工冷冻过程中伴随各苜蓿品种主根内淀粉浓度下降糖浓度升高,两者存在动态平衡。在苜蓿冷冻后返青生长过程中,主根内总非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)浓度下降。     

Overview of the industry and social impacts of the 2007 Australian equine influenza outbreak

The equine influenza (EI) outbreak occurred at the worst time of the year as far as the horse industry was concerned. All horse sports and horse breeds had events planned in the spring, including those relating to qualification for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. These were all disrupted and many were cancelled. The social and industry impacts were extensive, and included difficulties related to communication, animal welfare, vaccination, movement restrictions, economics, as well as the psychological stresses experienced by those involved, especially those for whom their primary source of income was horse related.