福建省大田县山羊的寄生蠕虫种群和群落生态分析（摘要）

从３０只山羊体内检得寄生蠕虫１３种，其中吸虫６种、绦蚴１种、线虫６种。总感染率为１００％，平均感染强度为６４６条。其中以鹿同盘吸虫的感染率、平均感染强度为最高。山羊感染蠕虫种类在１～８种之间。种群分布型均为聚集分布，优势种有８种：即肝片形吸虫、胰阔盘吸虫、鹿同盘吸虫、长菲策吸虫、粗纹食道口线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫、微管食道口线虫、捻转血矛线虫。该寄生蠕虫群落中各种群感染率和密度与山羊性别和年龄无关。种间关联分析表明该寄生蠕虫群落中具亲和性的种对有７对，关联和负关联达显著水平以上的种对分别有２对和３对。     

福建省山羊病例中主要蠕虫病的流行病学调查

为了解福建省山羊蠕虫病的流行情况,对来自福建省各地送检的308只山羊所检出的蠕虫按照不同日龄、不同月份以及不同饲养模式进行分类统计。6月龄内山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、莫尼茨绦虫;6~12月龄山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、莫尼茨绦虫、肝片吸虫、同盘吸虫和食道口线虫;12~18月龄山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、肝片吸虫、同盘吸虫和食道口线虫;18月龄以上山羊感染的主要蠕虫有同盘吸虫、肝片吸虫、食道口线虫和阔盘吸虫。一年四季均可感染,下半年感染率略高于上半年。舍内饲养的山羊蠕虫感染率较低;山上放牧的山羊易感染捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫和阔盘吸虫;在荒田或河边放牧的山羊易感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和同盘吸虫。羊群在不同阶段、不同季节、不同饲养模式条件下,蠕虫的感染情况有所不同。调查结果为福建省山羊蠕虫病的防控提供依据。     

福安市麻鸭寄生蠕虫的初步调查与群落生态分析

剖检福安市麻鸭30只,检得蠕虫11种,总感染率为73.3％。分别为:鸭两尖吸虫23％,楔形前殖吸虫23％,卷棘口吸虫7％,宫川棘口吸虫23％,接睾棘口吸虫3％,似难低颈吸虫3％,细背孔吸虫7％,舟形嗜气管吸虫3％,叉棘单睾绦虫13％,裂刺四棱线虫47％,鸭瓣口线虫20％。群落生态分析表明,优势种为裂刺四棱线虫。两两种间关系中,卷棘口吸虫分别与宫川棘口吸虫和鸭瓣口线虫呈正关联(P<0.05);接睾棘口吸虫、舟形嗜气管吸虫和似锥低颈吸虫之间呈负关联(P<0.05)。种群分布型中属随机分布的有卷棘口吸虫、接睾棘口吸虫和舟形嗜气管吸虫,其余8种均为聚集分布。     

萝北县犬寄虫蠕虫的区系调查

对萝北县犬寄生蠕虫区系作了调查，结果，在剖检的１０支犬体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获５种虫体，经鉴定结果，其中吸虫１种，华枝睾吸虫。线虫４种，犬弓首线虫，犬钩口线虫；旋毛形线虫和肾膨结线虫。它们隶属于２纲、５科，５属。在这５种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫，犬弓首线虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均在５０％以上，为萝北县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

本文报道了孙吴县犬体寄生蠕虫区系调查结果，共剖检犬１０只，检获蠕虫８种。蠕虫寄生率达１００％，８种虫体经鉴定结果为吸虫两种：华枝睾吸虫；日本棘隙吸虫。绦虫三种：泡状带绦虫；线中殖孔绦虫和犬复孔绦虫。线虫三种：犬弓首线虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫。８种虫体隶属于３纲８科８属，其中分布广，感染率高的为犬弓首线虫和华枝睾吸虫，为孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

萝北县犬寄生蠕虫的区系调查

对萝北县犬寄生蠕虫区系作了调查。结果，在剖检的１０支犬体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获５种虫体，经鉴定结果，其中吸虫１种，华枝睾吸虫Ｃｌｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ。线虫４种，犬弓首线虫Ｔｏｘｏ－ｃａｒａｃａｎｉｓ；犬钩口线虫Ａｎｃｙｌｏｓｔｏｍａｃａｎｉｎｕｍ；旋毛形线虫Ｔｒｉｃｈｉｎｅｌａｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓ和肾膨结线虫Ｄｉｏｃｔｏｐｈｙｍａｒｅｎａｌｅ．它们隶属于２纲、５科、５属。在这５种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫、犬弓首线虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均在５０％以上，为萝北县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

嘉荫县狗寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

对嘉荫县犬体寄生蠕虫区系调查，结果，共剖检本地狗１０只，检获蠕虫４种，吸虫１种－华枝睾吸虫（ＣｌｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｓＳｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）；绦虫１种－泡状带绦虫（Ｔａｃｎｉａｙｈｙｄａｉｔｉｇｅｎａ）线虫两种－犬弓首线虫（Ｔｏｘｏｃａｒａｃａｎｉｎｕｍ）犬钩口线虫（Ａｕｃｙｌｏｓｔａｍａｃａｎｉｎｕｍ）４种虫体隶属于３纲４属，其中分布广和感染率高的为犬钩口线虫（５０％）为嘉荫县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

河南新蔡县山羊肠道蠕虫感染情况调查

为了掌握新蔡县山羊肠道蠕虫感染情况,本次研究通过饱和盐水漂浮法和沉淀法对新蔡县8个山羊养殖场进行肠道蠕虫寄生虫感染情况调查。结果表明:360份被检样品中有308份样品为阳性,阳性率为85.56%,共检肠道寄生蠕虫6种,分别为捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆线虫、毛尾线虫、仰口线虫及莫尼茨绦虫,其中捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫和毛圆线虫为山羊肠道优势虫种。     

安徽省家鸭寄生蠕虫调查研究——Ⅰ.淮北五县家鸭寄生蠕虫的调查

本文报道了安徽省淮北五县家鸭寄生蠕虫计44种,隶属于15科31属。其中吸虫8科15属24种;绦虫1科10属14种;线虫6科6属6种。在所获虫种中,鸡后口吸虫Postharmostomum gallinum寄生于家鸭为国内发现的新宿主;鸭后睾吸虫Opisthorchis anatinus、鹗形吸虫Strigea Sp、鸭双睾绦虫Diorchis anatina、福建单睾绦虫Aploparaksis fukienensis、鸭瓣口线虫Epomidiostomum anatinus等24个虫种为安徽省新记录。此外还对各种蠕虫的感染情况和优势虫种等方面进行了详细的记速。     

黑河市狗寄生蠕虫的区系调查

对黑河市狗寄生蠕虫进行调查结果，在剖检１０只狗体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获６种虫体，经鉴定吸虫１种，华枝睾吸血；绦虫２种，泡状带绦虫和线中殖孔绦虫；线虫３种，犬弓首蛔虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫，它们隶属于３纲、６科、６属、在这６种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫、犬弓首蛔虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均为５０％。线中殖孔绦虫的感染率为４０％，泡状带绦虫的感染率为３０％。     

Prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths found in free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia, Primates, Callitrichidae) from Brazilian Atlantic forest

Helminth identification and egg counts were performed in 316 fecal samples during 4 years in 199 golden lion tamarins (GLTs), Leontopithecus rosalia, from two Brazilian conservation units. Tamarin sex and age, area of occurrence and helminth co-infection were tested as potential factors that could affect helminth prevalence and egg shedding in host individuals. Three nematodes species were found at low prevalences but not in both conservation units: Ancylostomatidae (12%), Ascarididae (1%) and Tripanoxyuris minutus, an Oxyuridae (4%). Three other species had high prevalences and were found in both conservation units: one acanthocephalan, Oncicola sp. (30%), and two nematodes, Spiruridae (24%), and Trichostrongylidae (31%). These three latter helminths had distinct prevalences between the conservation units, probably due to differences in availability of helminth infective stages in each area. Prevalences were greater in females for all helminth species; this was especially the case for Oncicola sp. Sex and age differences in helminth prevalence may be associated with changes in sexual steroid levels that accompany age and reproductive status. Frequency of simultaneous infections by the two helminths considered most pathogenic (Oncicola and Trichostrongylidae) were statistically lower than expected; this may be related to: (i) higher tamarin death rate caused by the association; (ii) differences in exposure to helminth infective stages in the various areas of occurrence; (iii) and competition between these helminth species. All helminth species followed a negative binomial distribution, with stronger clumping occurring in Trichostrongylidae and in female GLTs. Distinct transmission strategies of Oncicola sp. and Spiruridae, in contrast with Trichostrongylidae, may partially explain the different clumping levels of these helminths in GLTs. Mean fecal egg counts of all helminths were not different between GLT sexes, ages or areas of occurrence. The three most common helminth species may be a threat to isolated or dense GLT populations.     

Host specificity of abomasal nematodes in free ranging alpine ruminants

Abomasums from 641 alpine wild ruminants representing five different species (Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra ibex, Ovis musimon) and from 19 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from alpine areas were examined in order to investigate the host-specificity of abomasal helminths. Nine out of 20 helminth species were found in at least five different host species. A discriminant analysis was able to significantly discriminate the hosts on the basis of their helminth community composition with the exception of O. musimon and O. aries. Based on the correlation between each variable represented by helminth species with the most explanatory discriminant axis, it was possible to classify helminths into specialists and generalists. Specialists are represented by the dominant species in a community of an host species or family while generalists appear in the communities of many different hosts as intermediate species. Due to the pathogenic potential of some of these generalist species (i.e. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei) and their ability to adapt easily to the conditions found in several different hosts, they appear to be the most important from a sanitary point of view.     

Observations on helminth infections of free-living and captive rheas (Rhea americana) in Brazil

The present work describes helminth infection of eight free-living and 12 captive rheas (Rhea americana) from, respectively, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul State, and Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Captive birds were young and had a high mortality rate, while free-living birds were adult and apparently healthy. Infections were evaluated by post-mortem examination of internal organs and recovery of helminths using standard parasitological procedures. Seven species of nematodes (Sicarius uncinipenis, Torquatoides crotophaga, Deletrocephalus dimidiatus, D. cesarpintoi, Paradeletrocephalus minor, Capillaria venteli and Dicheilonema rheae) and two species of cestodes (Houttuynia struthionis and Chapmania tauricolis) were identified. P. minor, which inhabits the large intestine, was the most common helminth in free-living birds (63.9%). In captive rheas, a mean parasitic load of 173 helminths per host was found. The gizzard of these birds was the most parasitized organ and S. uncinipenis was most common (92.5%). Parasitism of free-living and captive birds and associated pathology are discussed.     

Helminths of goats in Mongolia

Post-mortem examinations of 236 goats from all provinces in Mongolia were performed for the study of helminths in goats. Thirty-nine helminth species belonging to three classes, 14 families and 23 genera were found. Trichocephalus spiralis and Avitellina centripunctata are reported for the first time in goats in Mongolia. The prevalence and intensity of helminth infections are reported for three age groups of goats in four seasons and three geographic zones in Mongolia. Common helminth infections of goats in all zones of Mongolia were infections of Ostertagia, Marshallagia and Nematodirus. In addition, fecal samples of 15 kids, 15 yearlings and 15 adult goats were examined monthly for eggs. The highest number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was counted in March (average 1335.3+/-405.3) and the lowest count was in November (54+/-18.6).     

Intestinal helminths of four species of skinks (Mabuya) (Sauria: Scincidae) from southern Africa

Intestinal helminths are reported from four species of scincid lizards from southern Africa: Mabuya occidentalis, Mabuya spilogaster, Mabuya striata and Mabuya variegata. The helminth fauna consisted of one species of Cestoda, Oochoristica truncata and five species of Nematoda, Abbreviata paradoxa, Maxvachonia dimorpha, Parapharyngodon rotundatus, Spauligodon petersi and Thubunaea fitzsimonsi. All findings represent new host records. Ascarid larvae were also found. It appears that Mabuya is infected by generalist helminths that occur in other species of African lizards.     

Prevalence of helminth parasites of dogs in Lusaka,Zambia

Eighty-five dogs were examined and the numbers and types of helminth parasites found were recorded. Forty per cent of the dogs were infected with one or more helminth parasites. The most prevalent helminths were the cestodes Dipylidium caninum (24.7%) and Taenia hydatigena (17.64%). Infections were evenly distributed with sex of host. Juvenile dogs were more commonly infected with Toxocara canis than adults whereas all other helminths were found more in adult dogs.     

Helminths of wild boar in the isolated population close to the northern border of its habitat area

One hundred wild boars (Sus scrofa) from a geographically isolated population on the island Saaremaa of western Estonia were examined for visceral helminths. Seven helminth species, Metastrongylus pudendotectus, M. salmi, M. elongatus, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Taenia hydatigena larva, were found. The predominant helminths discovered were lung nematodes (prevalence 82%, mean intensity 96.2 per animal). A significant negative correlation was observed between the weight of wild boars and the number of lungworms and helminth species. The number of helminth species found in the wild boar population on the island was lower compared to that of the adjacent mainland.