CIDR PMSG FSH联合处理不同品种绵羊效果的研究

CIDR、PMSG、FSH联合使用对初产供体羊Borderdale(波德代)3♂15♀、Poll Dorset(无角陶赛特)5♂18♀和Ger-man Mutton Merino(德国肉毛兼用美利奴—德美)3♂15♀进行同期发情和超数排卵。同期化发情波德代、无角陶赛特和德美分别为100.00%、88.89%和93.33%,羊只同期化发情时间经历和各时间点分布3个品种各有特点。超数排卵效果品种间存在差异,波德代、无角陶赛特、德美分别为6.60±2.97(枚)、3.63±2.25(枚)、5.50±3.32(枚),波德代极显著地高于无角陶赛特(P<0.01)。超排有效率波德代、无角陶赛特、德美分别为100.00%、87.50%、92.86%。未受精卵波德代极显著地高于德美羊和无角陶赛特羊(P<0.01)。胚胎总数德美羊极显著地高于波德代(P<0.01)。有效胚胎波德代羊、无角陶赛特羊、德美羊分别为2.40±2.31、2.75±2.05、4.07±3.79,德美极显著地高于波德代(P<0.01)。同一方法进行同期化发情,羊只经历时间和各时间点均衡分布能否有效控制是同期发情的焦点问题,是有效胚胎数目差异的主导因素之一。     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。     

5个品种优质肉用绵羊的超数排卵与胚胎移植

为进一步提高不同优质肉用品种绵羊的超数排卵与胚胎移植效果,本实验采用4种不同的超排方案(CIDR+FSH减量、CIDR+FSH+PMSG、CIDR+FSH+PG、CIDR+FSH等量)对17只绵羊(杜伯、白萨福克、黑萨福克、德克塞尔、美利奴)进行超数排卵处理,选择体况良好的杂交羊87只做受体,并进行胚胎移植实验。结果表明:第1组(CIDR+FSH减量)和第2组(CIDR+FSH+PMSG)方案超排平均可用胚数分别为6.20、6.60枚,显著高于第3组(CIDR+FSH+PG)和第4组(CIDR+FSH等量)方案(P<0.05);白萨福克、德克塞尔、杜伯超排平均可用胚数分别为7.67、6.20枚和6.25枚,显著高于黑萨福克和美利奴(P<0.05)。供体羊全部发情,得到95枚可用胚胎;51只受体新鲜胚胎移植3个月后经B超检查38只受体怀孕,妊娠率74.5%,产羔率88.2%。因此,CIDR+FSH+PMSG是优质肉绵羊超数排卵方案的最佳组合。     

小尾寒羊同期发情技术优化及其血清生殖激素的变化

为了优化绵羊同期发情技术,本试验分析了不同外源激素对小尾寒羊的同期发情效果,并进行生殖激素测定。将80只健康、空怀的经产小尾寒羊随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。采用单因素设计,分别用CIDR+PMSG、PG+PMSG进行同期发情处理,并在处理期间每组随机抽取4只小尾寒羊空腹颈静脉采血,采用放射免疫法测定血清中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、促黄体素(LH)、促卵泡素(FSH)的浓度。结果表明:CIDR+PMSG组小尾寒羊同期发情率、受胎率分别为82.50%、75.00%,均显著高于PG+PMSG处理组(P0.05);CIDR+PMSG组小尾寒羊颈静脉血液中E2浓度在撤栓24 h上升至峰值(8.64±0.13)pg/m L,显著高于撤栓时、撤栓48 h的浓度(P0.05),P4浓度在撤栓7d显著高于撤栓24 h、撤栓48 h(P0.05),LH、FSH浓度变化曲线与E2相似,都是在撤栓24 h显著升高;PG+PMSG组除LH在二次注射后的第2天、第3天显著升高(P0.05),其余3种激素浓度差异不显著(P0.05)。总之,与PG+PMSG相比,CIDR+PMSG可以显著提高小尾寒羊同期发情效率,并且发情高峰期在撤栓后的24 h前后,因此,人工输精选择在撤栓后12h~36h之间进行为佳。     

西藏多玛绵羊同期发情处理及外周血液激素含量变化研究

本研究采用孕酮阴道栓（CIDR,CIDR组）和氯前列烯醇（PGF2α,PG组）2种方法，分别对40头2～3岁、体重（65.12±6.41）kg的西藏多玛绵羊进行同期发情处理，对同期发情效果进行比较，并在处理后第1、4、7、10、13、16天和第19天（08:00）、（20:00）连续收集血清进行促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）浓度测定。结果表明：CIDR组和PG组的同期发情率达到100%，但CIDR组的受胎率和分娩率高于PG组（P<0.05）,2组分娩母羊产双羔的比率没有显著差异。处理过程中激素变化结果表明：CIDR组和PG组中FSH和LH激素变化趋势基本一致，CIDR组中第7天E2水平高于PG组（P<0.05）,CIDR组第1、4和第19天的P浓度高于PG组（P<0.05）。在CIDR组中，FSH与E2、LH与P的变化显著相关（P<0.05）。总体上，CIDR组的同期发情处理的效果优于PG组，激素变化和相关性分析均显示CIDR组处理方式优于PG组。     

影响黑萨福克绵羊体内原核胚生产的因素

为提高黑萨福克绵羊原核期胚胎的生产效率,通过CIDR+FSH+PMSG和CIDR+FSH+PG两种激素方案对供体进行超数排卵,将冲出的胚胎移植入同期发情处理的受体。其中CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组供体平均黄体数、可用胚数和移植妊娠率均高于CIDR+FSH+PG注射组(P0.05)。同时,在CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组,不同FSH剂量注射对黑萨福克绵羊超数排卵有影响。在180~240 IU剂量组,供体羊的平均黄体数、可用胚胎数高于另一组。繁殖季节(秋季)供体平均黄体数、可用胚胎数均显著高于春季(P0.05)。     

绵羊胚胎移植受体同期发情方法的比较

为了比较CIDR＋PG与CIDR＋PG＋PMSG两种激素处理方法对于受体同期发情以及胚胎移植的效果,将103只小尾寒羊作为胚胎移植受体分为两组,分别使用上述两种方法进行同期发情处理。其中,CIDR＋PG组83只,CIDR＋PG＋PMSG组20只。在对供体羊人工输精后第6．5天获取移植囊胚,分别移植到两组受体子宫内。统计受体的发情率、黄体生成情况,以及移植后的妊娠情况。CIDR＋PG组与CIDR＋PG＋PMSG组受体羊发情率分别为87．95％、90．00％;有黄体羊的比例分别为37．35％和75．00％,平均黄体数为1．81和1．93个;两组受体胚胎移植后妊娠率分别为77．41％和86．67％。结果表明,使用CIDR＋PG＋PMSG进行同期发情效果较好,且胚胎移植后妊娠效果较好。     

肉用绵羊超数排卵技术研究

目前,绵羊超数排卵及胚胎移植技术因各种因素的影响,应用效果还不是很稳定.试验通过对4个品种的供体羊全部采用国产的FSH进行超数排卵处理并进行胚胎移植,探讨在低成本情况下适合生产实践应用的超数排卵技术.对供体羊进行3项试验,所有供体羊均埋植CIDR 13 d进行同期发情处理.试验1,用总剂量为210 IU的FSH对无角陶赛特羊、白头萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊3个品种的育成羊进行超排处理.超排程序：在撤栓前48 h开始按递减剂量肌肉注射FSH,12h/次,共连续注射6次,在注射第4针FSH的同时肌肉注射氯前列烯醇0.1 mg.撤栓24 h后开始定时试情,连续试情3d.供体在第一次出现发情的同时肌肉注射HCG 500 IU并采用本交或人工输精的方式配种.供体发情开始后的第6天（发情当天记为第0天）进行手术法子宫角冲卵,冲出的胚胎在1h内移植入受体体内.试验2,用总剂量为240 IU的FSH对东弗里生羊、无角陶赛特羊、白头萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊4个品种的成母羊进行超数排卵处理.其余各处理程序与试验1相同.试验3,对无角陶赛特羊,根据其体重不同分别给予总剂量为210、225、240、255 IU的FSH超排处理.其余各处理程序与试验1、2相同.结果表明：①210 IU FSH处理育成羊的超数排卵结果在无角陶赛特羊、白头萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊间无显著差异（P＞0.05）.②240 IU FSH处理成母羊的超数排卵效果差异较大：东弗里生供体羊的胚胎可用率、卵回收率及卵受精率显著高于无角陶赛特羊、白头萨福克羊和特克塞尔羊（P＜0.05）.③FSH总剂量与体重比（IU/kg）在3.4～4.6范围内3组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）,在3组间以3.4～4.0组的超排效果较好,差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

青海高原地区应用绵羊胚胎移植技术的效果分析

采用同期发情+超排对12只特克塞尔羊、无角陶赛特羊进行处理;同时采用自然发情+超排对12只德国肉用美利奴母羊进行处理。结果表明:采用同期发情+超排处理,每只特克塞尔母羊平均获卵胚8.7枚,获受精卵数7.1枚;陶赛特母羊平均获卵胚数1.8枚,获受精卵数1.8枚(P<0.01)。德国肉用美利奴供体母羊的平均获胚数13.5枚,可用胚8.7枚,可用胚率67.0%(P<0.01)。对85只受体绵羊进行同期发情处理,结果表明,处理后同期发情率达88.2%。将12枚可用胚胎移入11只受体,其中10只受体移入单胚,1只受体移入双胚,移植成功率达83.3%(P<0.01)。对62只自然发情的受体母羊进行胚胎移植,结果表明,移植2枚胚胎受体母羊的受胎率比移植1枚的要高34.0%(P<0.01)。     

胚胎移植技木对绒山羊的应用效果

利用27只辽宁绒山羊作供体,实施山羊胚胎移植130只。供体超排用进口CIDR和宁波产FSH、LH,受体同期用进口海绵栓和赤峰产PMSG,采胚和移植用输卵管手术法,结果:供体发情同期率100％,出现黄体平均10.24个/只,回收胚胎平均10.28枚/只,可用胚胎平均8.25枚/只;受体发情同期率88.3％,早检妊娠率63.85％,产羔率43.85％。     

不同处理方法对巴美肉羊同期发情效果的比较

旨在研究不同处理方法对巴美肉羊同期发情效果的影响。采用CIDR(孕酮阴道栓)+PMSG(孕马血清促性腺激素)+PGF2α(氯前列烯醇)和CIDR+PMSG2种不同处理方法对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市养殖场中本地绵羊(即巴美肉羊)进行同期发情处理,比较二者的发情率。结果表明,CIDR+PMSG+PGF2α处理组试验羊的发情率为74%,CIDR+PMSG处理组试验羊的发情率为94%。由该试验结果可以得出,采用CIDR+PMSG处理方法对巴美肉羊进行同期发情处理效果更佳。     

Characterization of Oestrous Induction Response,Oestrous Duration,Fecundity and Fertility in Awassi Ewes During the Non‐breeding Season Utilizing both CIDR and Intravaginal Sponge Treatments

The aim of this study was to investigate characterization of oestrous response, onset of induced oestrus, oestrous duration, fecundity and fertility in Awassi ewes treatment with intravaginal sponges and Controlled Intravaginal Drug Release (CIDR) devices in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) under local environmental conditions during the non‐breeding season. A total of 62 ewes were divided into three groups. Group CIDR (n = 20) was treated with CIDR devices for 12 days and 400 IU PMSG was injected upon removal of the CIDR. For ewes in Group Sponge (SP) (n = 24), 30 mg fluorogestone acetate was administered to the sheep for 12 days and 400 IU PMSG was injected upon withdrawal of the sponge. Group Control (CON) (n = 18) served as a control group and received no treatment. Adult, intact and sexually experienced Awassi rams were introduced to all groups at the time when the intravaginal devices were removed. There were no significant differences in terms of oestrous response (CIDR: 90%, SP: 87.5%), time to onset of oestrus and duration of induced oestrus between the CIDR and SP groups. The oestrous response of treatment groups was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in the control ewes. There were no significant differences in pregnancy (CIDR: 70%, SP: 70.8%), lambing (CIDR: 85%, SP: 79.2%) and fecundity rates between ewes treated with CIDR and those treated with sponges. However, pregnancy and lambing rates were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ewes treated with CIDR or sponges when compared with those in the control group. It was concluded that it is possible to induce fertile oestrus, successful pregnancy and lambing with the treatment of either CIDR or intravaginal sponge in combination with PMSG in Awassi ewes during the non‐breeding season.     

The Effect of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Conjunction with Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin on the Superovulatory Response in Crossbred Sheep In India

Thirty-two mature crossbred (Fine Wool Synthetic, FWS) sheep developed for fine wool production in India were treated for superovulation and oestrus synchronization in spring season. The ewes were randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a factorially designed experiment. For induction of superovulation, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was administered alone (group 1), in combination with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) (group 2) or with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (group 3) and with both (group 4). Oestrus was synchronized in all the ewes by two injections of prostaglandin F2 (PGF, 10 mg each) administered at an interval of 10 days. Superovulation treatment started 48 h prior to the second PGF injection. The proportion of ewes in oestrus did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in the four groups. The use of GnRH set the ewes into oestrus earlier than the ewes in the other groups. Treatment with PMSG (800 IU) in conjunction with 4 g of Buserilin (GnRH) increased the ovulation rate (9.1±2.6 corpora lutea (CL)) above that observed when PMSG was used alone (3.0±0.7 CL). The use of FSH (0.5 U ovagen) in conjunction with PMSG was characterized by a decrease in the proportion of ewes with 2 CL (4/8 vs 7/8; p<0.05) and in the number of ovulations, i.e. CL observed (2.4±0.6 vs 9.1±2.6), and a nonsignificant increase in the incidence of large follicles (LF) (4.6±1.28 vs 3.25±0.6; p>0.05). The interaction between treatments of FSH and GnRH was not significant (p>0.05).It is concluded that use of GnRH, in conjunction with either PMSG alone or PMSG plus FSH treatment, advanced the onset of oestrus and increased the ovulation rate in FWS sheep.     

Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of controlled internal drug release in follicular cysts in an embryo donor beef herd

We investigated the efficacy of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device in the reproductive management of an embryo donor beef herd. Superovulation of embryo donors was routinely induced by a combination of FSH and prostaglandin F(2)alpha analogue (PGF(2)alpha) at intervals of a few months, and after embryo recovery estrus of the donors was synchronized with PGF2(2)alpha. Between 1996 and 1998, approximately 20% of donors were diagnosed as having follicular cysts every year. Twenty-eight cases of follicular cysts recorded between 1997 and 1998 were treated with a CIDR device for 14 days to evaluate the efficacy of CIDR in resolving follicular cysts in donor herds. Initial recovery was defined as the occurrence of ovulation with estrous behavior and subsequent formation of a corpus luteum after removal of the CIDR. Initial recovery was recognized in all cases (n=28). Follicular cysts did not recur after repeated embryo recovery in 64% of the initially recovered donors, but in 36% of affected donors cysts recurred after the next embryo recovery. Subsequently, with a CIDR device instead of PGF(2)alpha, we synchronized estrus after embryo recovery in the same herd from 1999 to 2000, to investigate the ability of CIDR to prevent the initiation of follicular cysts. Of the donors used between 1999 and 2000, approximately 30% had a history of follicular cysts. Use of CIDR for estrous synchronization after embryo recovery lowered the incidence of follicular cysts to 3% in 1999 and 0% in 2000. Treatment with CIDR proved effective at resolving follicular cysts in the embryo donor beef herd and enabled re-use of donors affected with follicular cysts. CIDR is also likely to be efficacious in lowering the occurrence of follicular cysts in donor herds when it is used for estrous synchronization after embryo recovery.     

重构胚移植用受体山羊同期发情处理效果比较

分别用CIDR（孕酮阴道栓）＋PMSG（处理1）和CIDR＋PMSG＋LH（处理2）两种处理方法对山羊进行同期发情处理。结果发现,两种处理均以撤栓后第1d发情率最高。撒栓后0-24h和24h-48h的发情率,处理1和处理2（61．4％,13．6％和48％,20％）之间差异不显著;撤栓后48h-72h的发情率,处理1（4．59,6）显著低于处理2（24％）（P〈0．05）;撤栓后0～72h发情率,两种处理（79．5％,92％）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。从手术时对卵巢的观察可以看出,有大卵泡或排卵的发情羊,处理1为91．2％,处理2为100％,二者无显著差异;排卵的发情羊,处理1为（58．8％）显著低于处理2为（91．2％）（P〈0．05）。     

不同体况绵羊同期发情处理试验研究

通过两年三批次不同体况绵羊不同药物同期发情处理试验,分别对CIDR栓＋PG、CIDR栓＋PMSG、PG三种处理的发情率和发情时间进行比较分析,试验表明绵羊营养状况对不同药物同期发情处理均有较大影响,在营养较好条件下三种处理均可取得较好的同期发情效果,营养不良三种处理同期发情效果均变差,在相同条件下以CIDR栓为主的处理较PG处理发情率较高,且发情快而集中。综合考虑发情率和处理成本,在处理羊营养状况中等以上PG处理具有成本低操作简单的明显优势。     

不同处理对多浪羊生殖激素及繁殖性能的影响

为研究不同营养水平的日粮和外源激素对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生殖激素指标的影响,将78只多浪羊母羊按年龄、体重、胎次和断奶时间相近的原则随机分成3组:对照组为自然发情组;试验Ⅰ组为营养调控组;试验Ⅱ组为外源激素处理组。于试验开始第20天、配种后第10天,分别从各组随机抽取10只母羊空腹采血,测定6项血清生殖激素指标的含量。结果表明:使用外源激素PRID+PMSG+HCG后,FSH、LH、P4的水平均有升高,不但提高了母羊的发情率和产羔率,而且还达到产三羔的效果;日粮高能和添加维生素、矿物元素,可提高血清FSH、LH、P4的水平,从而使受胎率、产羔率、双羔率都有明显提高。