L9(34)正交试验优化玉米芯多糖浸提工艺研究

为增加玉米芯资源的附加值,以玉米芯为试验材料,以多糖为研究对象,通过对比分析和L9（34）正交试验设计等研究方法,重点考察不同浸提温度、时间和料液比对玉米芯多糖提取率的影响。结果表明：3因素对多糖得率的影响顺序为：温度〉浸提时间〉料液比;最佳提取工艺条件为浸提温度100℃、时间4h、料液比1：30,多糖平均得率为2.96%。     

L9（3^4）正交试验优化玉米芯多糖浸提工艺研究

为增加玉米芯资源的附加值,以玉米芯为试验材料,以多糖为研究对象,通过对比分析和L9（34）正交试验设计等研究方法,重点考察不同浸提温度、时间和料液比对玉米芯多糖提取率的影响。结果表明：3因素对多糖得率的影响顺序为：温度〉浸提时间〉料液比;最佳提取工艺条件为浸提温度100℃、时间4h、料液比1：30,多糖平均得率为2.96%。     

石耳地衣活性成分提取与饮料制作研究

研究石耳地衣中的海藻糖和多糖的提取方法及其饮料的加工方法。结果表明:采用TCA法提取和HPLC法测定海藻糖,其优方案为用50%乙醇溶液在80℃、pH值10和料液比1:50条件下提取2次,每次4.5h,海藻糖的提取率达1.715%;采用索氏法提取和苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖,提取2次,每次3h,再用70℃水浸提3次,每次2h,提取液浓缩后用1倍体积80%乙醇沉淀,多糖的提取率达15.30%;确定了石耳地衣饮料配方为茶水比为1:100、浸提时间45min、浸提温度80℃,乌梅含量1.5%,蔗糖含量10%,食盐含量0.1%,柠檬酸含量0.12%,Vc含量12mg/100mL,β-环状糊精含量0.05%。     

猕猴桃和野生软枣中总糖含量的测定方法

为研究建立猕猴桃和野生软枣中总糖含量的标准测定方法,通过对比试验,探讨采用碱性酒石酸铜滴定法测定总糖的最佳试验条件及注意事项。试验结果表明,测定总糖的最佳条件为：猕猴桃与野生软枣的取样量分别为2．5g和3．2g、盐酸（1＋1）溶液的添加量为5mL、水浴温度为70℃、加热时间为30min。精密度和回收率试验表明：该方法的精密度相对标准差为0．177％,精密度较好;回收率在95．8％～100．3％之间,准确度较高。     

猕猴桃和野生软枣中总糖含量的测定方法

为研究建立猕猴桃和野生软枣中总糖含量的标准测定方法,通过对比试验,探讨采用碱性酒石酸铜滴定法测定总糖的最佳试验条件及注意事项。试验结果表明,测定总糖的最佳条件为：猕猴桃与野生软枣的取样量分别为2．5g和3．2g、盐酸（1＋1）溶液的添加量为5mL、水浴温度为70℃、加热时间为30min。精密度和回收率试验表明：该方法的精密度相对标准差为0．177％,精密度较好;回收率在95．8％～100．3％之间,准确度较高。     

溶剂浸提高谷维素稻米油工艺优化

采用溶剂浸取法提取稻米油,通过单因素试验分别考察了溶剂种类、浸提温度、料液比和浸提时间等因素对稻米油的出油率及其谷维素含量的影响,并采用正交试验法优化提取工艺。结果表明:高谷维素稻米油浸提的最佳工艺条件是:浸提溶剂异丙醇和六号溶剂等比混合、浸提温度40℃、液料比5mL/g和浸出时间70min。在该条件下,稻米油的提取率为16.20%,谷维素含量为1.3739%。     

柚子皮多糖提取工艺优化及保润特性研究

本文以柚子皮为原料,通过响应面优化了柚子皮多糖热水浸提工艺,并对柚子皮多糖保润特性进行了研究。结果表明:响应面优化柚子皮多糖热水浸提工艺为:浸提温度80℃、液料比30∶1(mL/g)、浸提时间2.5h和浸提次数2次,多糖提取率达到6.45%。通过6种烟草的柚子皮多糖与丙二醇在失水率到达平衡时的对比,柚子皮多糖对不同烟草的保润呈现不同,其中柚子皮多糖保润剂对B3F的保润效果最佳,对B1F的保润效果相对较差。     

槟榔籽总酚提取工艺优化与抗氧化活性试

为了探索槟榔籽中总酚提取的最佳工艺参数,在单因素试验的基础上以提取温度、提取时间和液料比为试验因素,以总酚含量为响应值,采用三因素五水平的响应面分析法进行试验.结果表明,3个因素对槟榔籽总酚提取含量的影响大小顺序为:提取温度、液料比、提取时间;槟榔籽中总酚提取的最佳工艺参数为:提取温度58℃、提取时间4h、液料比47mL/g,总酚含量的预测值为148.09mg/g,验证值为146.63mg/g.试验证明,响应面法对槟榔籽中总酚提取条件的优化是可行的,可用于实际预测.抗氧化活性试验表明,槟榔籽提取物具有较强清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基能力,其EC_(50)值分别为145.62μg/mL和139.38μg/mL.     

糙米发芽过程中总糖和还原糖的含量变化研究

长期以来,白米是我国传统的主食,因而对白米加工利用的研究报道较多,而对糙米尤其是对糙米在发芽过程中的成分变化以及发芽糙米的开发利用缺乏研究。该研究以糙米为原料,以自来水为浸泡液,于28℃浸泡9h,再转入30℃恒温培养箱培养20h,在此生产工艺条件下制备的发芽糙米,其发芽率可维持在80%左右、发芽糙米中总糖的含量降低为糙米的70%左右、还原糖的含量显著升高为糙米含量的90倍左右。由此可见发芽糙米是一种低热量,易消化的健康食品。     

枸杞粗多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本文采用三因素三水平响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因素,并对其清除自由基和超氧阴离子抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明:枸杞粗多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比0.08g/v、提取温度83℃和提取时间为2h,在此条件下多糖提取率为3.403%。枸杞粗多糖质量浓度为4mg/mL时,羟自由基清除率清除率达到97.6%;在粗多糖浓度为2mg/mL时,对超阴离子自由基的清除率最大为18.6%。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。