加速腐蚀环境下钢板表面坑蚀形貌统计规律

采用光学表面测量技术对实验室加速腐蚀钢板试件进行坑蚀表面数据采集,通过建立不同龄期的锈蚀钢板表面形貌图讨论了锈蚀钢板表面点蚀特征随腐蚀时间的变化趋势。对于以局部腐蚀为主的锈蚀钢板,通过计算证明坑蚀平均深度近似等于腐蚀平均深度,且其随时间的变化趋势可以采用新型weibull函数加以描述。经过对垂直于钢板受力方向的坑蚀截面损失率进行探究,指出可以利用正态分布模型表征其随机分布规律,并建立了模型参数与坑蚀平均深度之间关系式。最后讨论了与腐蚀时间相关的钢板屈服强度退化概率模型。     

基于数码相机的农田景物三维重建

为提出一种基于图像的农田景物三维重建方法。首先从图像文件中提取包含相机焦距等参数的EXIF信息,用以计算相机内参矩阵。根据两幅对应图像的匹配关系,求解本征矩阵并对其SVD分解获得相机外参矩阵,合并相机内外参数构成投影矩阵。其次,以SIFT匹配点的视差作为搜索范围初始限制条件,按像素邻域的SSD值匹配两幅图像中的像素,获得致密的视差图并以三维点云形式重建田块景观,最后,使用“集束调整”算法对最初三维重建结果求精,并将2维图像像素RGB值映射到三维点云上,获得最终结果。从重建效果看,方法真实再现性好,重建过程简洁,具有较高的自动化程度。     

灭鼠剂用淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠的制备及微囊化工艺研究

为了解决生态灭鼠剂用吸水树脂投放当中容易吸水失效的问题,本文通过微囊化处理制备了防水型淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠。首先采用本体聚合的方法合成了淀粉高岭土接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂。并用傅立叶变换红外谱仪对树脂的结构进行了表征。同时以防水材料为膜材,用熔融喷雾法将制备出的高吸水树脂进行微囊化处理。该工艺制备的微囊形状为近球形,表面光滑,粒径在120μm以下。研究了微囊的形貌特征、粒径分布、壳核质量比与喷雾投料比的关系及吸水率。实验结果表明:投料比大于2∶1时,微囊化效果最好,3种材料中蜂蜡的防水效果最好,同时表面最光滑。硬脂酸的粒径最大,包裹最完全。蜂蜡包裹后的淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠对小白鼠的杀灭率仍能达到70%。通过本研究最终确定蜂蜡为最佳的淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠包囊材料,并获得了较好的灭鼠效果。     

谈轴线图

在书法界,轴线图已成为品评一件作品章法上得失的重要依据。现在把它借用到盆景艺术中来,谈一下它在树桩盆景枝盘造型上的作用。先说说轴线图。人们对于每一个物体或图形,都能凭感觉迅速作出它的重心线(它把物体或图形合成感觉上份量相等的两个部份),这就是轴线。把几个物体或图形的轴线连在一起,就构成了轴线图。实践证明(见图一),当两个枝盘的轴线平行时,给人以端庄平稳的感     

基于双模定位的冷链物流实时监测系统

为加强冷链物流监管,实现冷链物流的全程温度和定位监测,设计了基于双模定位的冷链物流实时监测系统。本系统除了集成嵌入式技术、卫星定位技术和GPRS无线通信技术等以实现温度采集、数据远程传输和定位等功能,还使用融合数据的双模定位取代单GPS定位以提高复杂环境下的定位精度,并提出使用改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行定位解算以实现双系统下定位数据融合,在静态时对水平精度和三维精度分别提高了37.5%和28.6%。测试结果表明,本系统提高了冷链物流监测能力,为未来研究冷链无人配送的定位问题提供基础。     

酶量和酶解时间对玉米多孔淀粉制备效果的影响

选择玉米淀粉为材料,探讨糖化酶酶量和时间对多孔淀粉效果的影响。酶解时间为18,24,30 h,酶量分别为306.67,377.00,495.39,754.88,1 486.17,2 948.75 U/g;以吸水、吸油率为判定标准,结合电镜扫描和显微测量淀粉表面的孔数和孔径,得到最佳酶量和酶解时间分别为754.88 U/g和24 h,且单位多孔淀粉颗粒表面的平均孔数为44,孔径为1.64～1.76μm。其他条件相同,在最佳酶量下,吸水率和吸油率达到118.83%,98.47%;在最佳时间下,吸水率和吸油率达到119.45%,98.34%;吸水和吸油率均最高。     

粮食保管培训VR系统研究探讨

系统分析了目前粮食培训行业的现状与问题,在用户需求分析与系统需求分析的基础上,设计并实现了基于VR技术的虚拟培训系统,该系统实现了粮库内部的三维可视化,并包含对熏蒸作业的介绍。还介绍了粮库管理人员对本系统的试用结果,讨论了后续的修改建议。     

农业装备零部件表面镀层性能的研究

农业装备零部件在工作过程中极易发生磨损、腐蚀等现象,导致其过早失效。结合国内外的研究,磁场可以提高镀液的分散及覆盖能力,进而对镀层的微观结构及形貌有很大影响,为了改善农业装备零部件镀层的表面性能,试验在电镀的过程中引入垂直离子沉积方向上的外加恒定磁场,采用光学显微镜观察分析了Ni-Co镀层的表面形貌,并用显微硬度计对镀层的性能进行了测试。结果发现：磁场的引入改变了离子的沉积状态,使Ni-Co镀层表面更加平整致密,恒定磁场影响下制备的镀层与无磁场影响制得的镀层相比,硬度值提高了38 HV。为提高农业装备零部件镀层表面性能提供了一种简单、实用的方法,为今后研究提供了一定参考。     

我国南繁产业三维SWOT-AHP-聚合诊断图分析

针对SWOT-AHP模型存在的问题,引入我国古典战略思想和雷达图分析法,设计双线雷达图分析法和聚合诊断图分析法,并在产业视角下构建出新的三维SWOT-AHP-聚合诊断图模型。新模型可以实现多维度、多层次和全方位研究并以更直观的形式表达产业规划和战略决策。最后通过以国家南繁育制种产业为实例,表明所提出的分析模型的实用性、易操作性和科学性。     

酶法高透光率青梅汁生产工艺的研究

以永泰青梅为原料,以制取高透光率青梅汁为目标,采用正交试验方法研究了酶加入量、酶解时间和酶解温度对青梅汁黏度和透光率的影响。结果表明,果胶酶酶解青梅浆的最佳工艺条件是:酶用量0.05%,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间1.5h,其中果胶酶用量是影响青梅汁透光率的主要因素。     

基于耕地保护的城市发展空间生态适宜性评价研究

针对城市边缘地带建设用地快速增长与优质农用地大量减少的矛盾,以驻马店为例,在充分考虑农田的生态服务功能的基础上,构建了建设用地生态适宜性评价系统和耕地自然生产潜力评价系统组成的生态适宜城区扩展用地评价方法,评价了城市建设用地的生态适宜性和农地的自然宜耕性,基于保护优质耕地的目标,划分了适宜性发展空间分区,将城市发展空间划分为重点开发、优化开发、限制开发和禁止开发4个类型,结合宜居城市建设对不同分区内的耕地功能用地进行了分析,探讨了扩展用地时空配置的方法和途径。结果表明：驻马店市重点、优化、限制和禁止开发区面积分别占研究区总面积的37.05%、28.87%、17.75%、16.33%。该评价方法为城市边缘地带新增建设用地的时空配置提供了参考。     

Idea, Management System and Planning Method of Urban Fringe Development

In this paper, the concept of urban fringe is introduced and the problems in society, economy and ecology that the urban fringe is facing are analyzed. The policy, participant system and method of planning for development of urban fringe is discussed from three aspects as: idea, system and technique of planning. The compromised mode of development combining scattering and growing, the updating of the community organization and corresponding flexible means of planning is presented.     

Machine Vision Aided Testing System for Flatness Based on Equal Inclination Interference Theory

An approach is described on the automated tracking of interference circle fringe to get the flatness accurately based on the Equal Inclination Interference Theory (EIIT). The system,based on the theory of EIIT, can be applied to grasp the changing fringe information, which is white alternating with black through the CCD camera. Following the basic principle of fringes image centro-symmetric, we create some windows, process only the interference fringes information in the windows. According to the position of the processed interference fringe and the position of the last adjacent interference fringe in the windows, the interference fringe variation value N from the starting measured point is received, it implies the changed altitude value from the starting measurement point. This method allows us not only get the fringe information of the half-wavelength integer multiple but also denote those of the half-wavelength decimal multiple. The system is proved to be effective experimentally. It is useful in metrology department for the high-precision flatness standard unit.     

Analysis of cross-plane electrode arrays for electrical impedance tomography

A cross-plane electrical impedance tomography system is constructed to solve the problem of the conventional planar electrode array. This system consists of four planar and eight axial cross imaging planes composing from 65 electrodes. The Tikhonov regularization algorithm is adopted for image reconstruction in simulation and flume experiment. Comparison between the reconstruction result and the original object shows that the cross-plane reconstruction method in three-dimensional space provides higher spatial resolution and position accuracy. In addition, it effectively reduces the amount of computation, and reveals great prospect for the application of clinical examination and monitoring.     

Transmission model of higher-order elliptical bevel gearing and motion simulation for interference checking

Higher-order elliptical bevel gear is a typical form of the noncircular bevel gear transmission.Space spherical coordinate system of the bevel gear meshing is set up based on the meshing theory of space transmission.The varying relationship among the pitch curve,tooth profile and mesh lines are analyzed,and the equation of the gear tooth surface is developed with matrix method based on space coordinate transformation.The basic parameters of the noncircular bevel gear such as transmission ratio,modulus and the number of teeth are designed,and detailed analysis of the influence of the eccentricity on the relevant parameters is carried out as well.By using discrete numerical method and three-dimensional software,the mathematical model of the tooth profile and virtual physical model of the noncircular bevel gear are established,and then simulation on its motion and interference checking are performed.Finally,the approach for design,calculation and generation of the tooth profile is obtained and its correction has been verified by experiment.     

优质稻新组合宜优99产量结构相关分析

通过对宜优99的产量（y）及其产量构成因素的通径分析，结果表明：产量（y）与有X1和每穗粒数X2及千粒重X4呈极显著正相关，与结实率X3呈显著正相关；各产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数（P）和贡献率（rp），由大到小依次为有效穗数X1〉每穗粒数X2〉千粒重X4〉结实率X3。     

Critical Phase Transition of the Two-dimensional Microcanonical Ising Model by Cellular Automata Q2R Method

The authors construct a microcanonical ensemble system and analyzes the phase change of the two-dimensional Ising model Cellular Automata Q2R/WQ2R method. The result indicates that the numerical value simulation can show the spontaneous magnetization of two-dimensional crystal lattice in isolated system. The authors have observed the critical phase transition phenomenon and gotten the critical energy. The simulation of three-dimensional Ising model can be grounded on the method that this article establishes.     

Calculation Method of Hydraulic Characteristics for Direct-Return Chilled Water System

In order to optimize design and operation, it is necessary to calculate accurately hydraulic characteristics large central air-conditioning systems. Simplified Model can not be applied to hydraulic calculation of large pipe network topological structure for its large calculation error. Taking into account the regulating characteristics of terminal branch temperature regulating valve, a direct-return chilled water system is studied, an accurate mathematical model of pipe network hydraulic characteristics has been established and a computer logic algorithm with virtual flow has been given. A direct-return pipe network with ten AHU branches is used as simulation calculation object, the pipe network supply-return water pressure difference is calculated, and also the temperature regulating valve opening and actual flow of each branch are calculated in the condition of different supply-return water pressure difference. The calculated results accord with the natural characteristics of high pressure difference unbalanced for direct-return pipe network. The calculation method can ensure calculation convergence.     

稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响

为探明钵苗机插方式在稻麦两熟地区对水稻米质性状的影响及其品种类型间差异,本文以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和籼粳交水稻为材料,比较了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播3种种植方式在稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮食味品质特性变化及其品种类型间差异。结果表明,钵苗机插的整精米率比毯苗机插和机械直播分别提高1.6%和4.9%(P0.05),整精米产量分别提高7.8%和25.9%(P0.05),改善了稻米加工品质;与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插的稻米垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度显著增加,对稻米外观品质有不利影响,但钵苗机插精米蛋白质含量较高,有利于稻米营养品质的改良,其精米蛋白质产量分别比毯苗机插和机械直播提高8.7%和28.0%;3种种植方式相比,钵苗机插稻米蒸煮食味品质表现出一定程度的变优趋势,其中,稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值和糊化温度呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势,胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势;食味值于种植方式间无显著差异,呈籼粳交水稻和常规粳稻钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播,杂交籼稻毯苗机插钵苗机插机械直播的趋势。由此得出,钵苗机插不仅能增加稻谷产量,还能改善部分稻米品质特征,是稻麦两熟地区实现高产高效优质协调水稻生产的潜力型机械化种植方式。     

Reserach on the Die Forging CAD System of Long Shaft Type Forgings

This paper,by using AutoCAD Advanced Modeling Extension(AME),solvesthe difficulty of three-dimensional solid object modeling of forging die CAD on a porsonal computer,sets up the die forging CAD system(DFCAD system)of long shaft type forgings. It is convenient todesign die forging processes and forging dies , and can get 3-D and 2-D forging die drawings.