药物对球虫感染鸡血液及生化指标的影响

浙江大学动物科学学院杜爱芳撰文 ,分析药物对球虫感染鸡血液及生化指标的影响。将 1日龄艾维因肉鸡分为 4个组 ,即中药组、马杜霉素组、感染不给药组和不感染不给药组 ,每组 2 0只。中药组从1日龄开始即投喂含 0 .1 %中草药复方制剂 (由绞股蓝皂甙、去油鸦胆子仁等组成 )的饲料 ;马杜霉素组从 1 2日龄起投喂含马杜霉素 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ的饲料。前 3组于 1 4日龄感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。卵囊攻击前及攻击后 4、7ｄ分别采血 ,测定血液红细胞数、血钾、血钠、血磷、血清白蛋白和血清总蛋白含量。结果表明 ,卵囊攻击后 4、7ｄ,感染不给药组…     

鸡球虫石河子株对4种药物的抗药性试验

将 1 2 0只 1 3日龄罗曼公雏随机均分为 6组 ,按组分别投服通扬独霸 (40 0mg/kg)、三九球痢灵 (1g/kg)、海南霉素 (5mg/kg)和盐霉素(60mg/kg) 4种抗球虫药物 ,并设立不给药不感染、不给药感染对照组。给药后第 3天 ,除不给药不感染对照组外 ,其余各组试验鸡每只分别接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫 (E tenella) 孢子化卵囊 1× 1 0 5个。根据各组鸡的存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变计分、血便计分和抗球虫指数对 4种药物进行药物疗效判定。结果表明 :通扬独霸组、三九球痢灵组、海南霉素组和盐霉素组的抗球虫指数 (ACI)分别为 1 88 2 5、1 4 9 64、 1 89 1 4和 1 4 7 72 ;4组最适抗球虫活性百分率 (POAA)分别为 71 0 1、 59 42、 85 50和 62 31。通扬独霸和海南霉素抗球虫疗效显著。     

莫能菌素与其它种类球虫药的田间对比试验

将江西亚星抗生素厂生产的莫能菌素与克球粉、盐霉素进行临床对比试验.277羽AA商品代雏鸡随机分为5组,前三组于10日龄分别饲喂食80ppm莫能菌素、125ppm克球粉或50ppm盐霉素三种抗鸡球虫药的饲料,另二组分别为不感染不给药、感染不给药组.25日龄时除感染不给药组外;其余各组每鸡一次感染5×104个孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫强毒卵囊.根据试验期间鸡的增重、成活率、粪便卵囊检出率和饲料转换效率等指标综合评定.结果,莫能菌素各项考核指标均优于其它药物试验组.     

饲料中添加中草药抗球虫效果观察

试验选择 78只 1日龄蛋用公雏 ,随机分为氯苯胍拌料组 ( 组 ,添加量为 4 0 mg/ kg饲料 )、地克珠利饮水组 ( 组 ,添加量为 0 .0 0 2 5 % )、球必克组 ( 组 ,添加量为 1.0 % )、灭球散组( 组 ,添加量为 1.0 % )、感染不给药组 ( 组 )和不感染不给药对照组 ( 组 )。于无球虫条件下饲养 ,从 1日龄起饲喂混有药物的饲料或用药物饮水 ,除 组外 ,其他各组均在 19日龄接种 1× 10 5个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊 ,根据各组的存活率、相对增重率、病变记分、血便记分和抗球虫指数观察药物的疗效 ,结果表明氯苯胍和球必克有中等抗球虫效果。     

饲料添加中草药抗毒害艾美耳球虫效果观察

选择90只1日龄蛋用公雏,随机分为6组:马杜毒素拌料组(Ⅰ组,添加量5 mg/kg饲料),克球粉拌料组(Ⅱ组,添加量125 mg/kg饲料),中草药处方①组(Ⅲ组,添加量10 000 mg/kg饲料),中草药处方②组(Ⅳ组,添加量10 000 mg/kg饲料),感染不给药组(V组),不感染不给药组(Ⅵ组).于无球虫条件下进行饲养,从1日龄起饲喂混有药物的饲料,除Ⅵ组外,其他各组在18日龄接种1×105个毒害艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,根据各组存活率、相对增重率、病变记分、血便记分和抗球虫指数观察药物的疗效,结果表明:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组有低效抗球虫作用,Ⅲ组有中效抗球虫作用.     

柔嫩艾美球虫常州株对5种抗球虫药的抗药性分析

将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)常州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立5个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪、癸氧喹酯5种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及用药对策。结果表明,该虫株对癸氧喹酯敏感,对球虫宁、地克珠利、马杜霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪具有完全抗药性,提示目前常州地区球虫抗药性非常严重,癸氧喹酯抗球虫疗效最好,其他药物应合理使用、应慎用、减少或暂停使用。     

地克珠利抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫凤阳地理株的效果观察

将 60只 1日龄蛋公鸡于无球虫条件下饲养至 30日龄时随机分为 5组 (Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组 )。Ⅰ组用地克珠利饮水 (每千克水 1mg) ;Ⅱ组地克珠利混饲 (每千克饲料 2mg) ;Ⅲ组为药物对照组 (每千克饲料克球粉 5mg) ;Ⅳ组为感染不给药 ;Ⅴ组为不感染不给药组。于给药当天 ,除Ⅴ组外 ,其他组鸡每只接种 1× 1 0 5个柔嫩艾美耳球虫凤阳地理株孢子化卵囊。根据各组鸡的存活率 ,相对增重率 ,病变记分 ,血便记分和抗球虫指数来观察药物疗效。试验结果表明 ,地克珠利能有效的控制凤阳地理株柔嫩艾美耳球虫。     

优素精~和盐霉素之笼饲药效试验

优素精￣（日本科研制药株式会社制品）和盐霉素（山东济宁抗生素厂制品）之抗球虫效力的比较试验。１４日龄艾维因肉鸡分４组；Ⅰ、盐霉素组；Ⅱ、优素精组；Ⅲ、感染不给药对照组；Ⅳ、不感染不给药对照组。每组６笼，每笼１０只（公母各５只）。优素精和盐霉素均以６０ｐｐｍ之浓度混合于饲料中，自由摄食。１６日龄时，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别经口感染Ｅ．ａｃｅｒｖｕｌｉｎａ，Ｅ．ｍａｘｉｍａ和Ｅ．ｔｅｎｅｌｌａ混合卵囊，每鸡１０．１２×１０￣４。２３日龄（感染后７天）解剖全部鸡。依增重，饲料利用效率，血粪，卵囊排出量，球虫病变值和球虫病死亡率判断抗球虫效力。试验结果：优素精组的平均增重（２７０．０８克）和饲料利用率（２．０３）是试验各组中最优良的。比不感染不给药对照组优越，生物统计差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。盐霉素组的平均增重（２６２．４２克）和饲料利用率（２．０８）虽高于不感染不给药对照组，但其差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。优素精组的球虫病变值比感染不给药对照组低４６．４０％，比盐霉素组低３６．２９％，卵囊排出量比感染不给药对照组低９７．２５％，比盐霉素组低２０．０４％。本试验证明，优素精有强烈的抗球虫药效，同时也证明有促进生长，加速增重?     

中西药复方抗鸡球虫病的效果观察

将 10日龄海兰褐公鸡 5 0只随机分成 5组 ,每组 10只 , 组为不感染不给药组 ; 组为感染不给药组 ; 组为中药组 (5 g/ kg饲料 ) ; 组为马杜霉素组 (5 g/ kg饲料 ) ; 组为中西药复方组 (中药 5 g/ kg 环丙沙星 2 0 mg/ kg饲料 )。除 组鸡外 ,其余全部试验鸡于 10日龄经嗉囊接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊 1.5× 10 5个 /只。结果表明 ,除 组外 ,其余各组鸡不同程度地表现出临床症状 ,尤以 组最严重。 组的 ACI值为 188.76 ,比 、 组分别高 6 .4 9%和 9.4 3% ;增重高达 6 1.18g,比 、 组显著增加了 9.2 5 %和 10 .70 % (P<0 .0 1) ,并与 组无显著差异。说明中西药复方不仅疗效好 ,且能促进雏鸡生长     

柔嫩艾美球虫不同剂量感染对鸡的影响及抗攻击试验研究

挑选120羽体况相近的15日龄罗斯(Ross)公鸡,均分为5组,用柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)实验室保种天山株,分50、500、5000、50000个孢子化卵囊进行感染,另设不感染球虫组。观察用不同剂量感染,对鸡生长的影响程度;并于感染后96小时起,收集各组每天排出的粪便,进行虫卵计数;感染后13天,各组称重,并抽取6羽剖杀,进行盲肠病变记分。剩余鸡进行抗攻击试验,每羽攻击10万个孢子化卵囊,攻击后8天剖杀,结束试验。结果为:①感染50、500个卵囊的组,鸡平均增重与不感染组无差异;感染5000、50000个卵囊的组,增重则明显低于不感染组(P<0.05);各组盲肠病变和血便记分随感染量增加而增高。②各组在感染后5天之内的粪便中均未检出卵囊;感染50、500个卵囊组,在感染后6～7天的粪便中查出卵囊;感染5000、50000个卵囊组,则在5～6天的粪便中发现卵囊;50000个卵囊组,排卵高峰集中在感染后6～7天(占排出总量的62.23％),而另三个组的排卵高峰不集中;所有感染组在第13天的粪便中,卵囊量已降到很低(仅占总量的0.07～7.37％)。③各组的抗攻击能力随感染剂量增加而提高;各感染攻击组的平均增重均与不感染攻击组差异达极显著(P<0.01),感染5000个卵囊攻击组的增重最好;各组的盲肠卵囊计数、血便记分、盲肠病变记分均随原感染量的增加而降低。     

雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后脂质过氧化物的变化

为了探讨柔嫩艾美耳球虫 (E.tenella)对感染雏鸡的损伤机制 ,本试验给 10日龄海兰白公雏鸡口服柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊 8× 10 4个 /只 ,在感染后 2、4、6、7、9、12、16和 2 1d分别各取 5只雏鸡剖检 ,取盲肠并采血 ,观察盲肠病理组织学变化 ,测定盲肠组织及血清中的丙二醛 (MDA )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)的水平。结果表明 ,雏鸡在感染 E.tenella后 2～ 4d,盲肠开始出现损伤 ,同时 SOD和 GSH- Px活性也开始下降 ;感染后 4～ 7d,盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮细胞大量变性、坏死崩解 ,发生严重损伤时 ,盲肠及血清中 MDA含量显著增加 ,并持续到 9d,同时 SOD和 GSH- Px活性也显著下降 ;感染 9d后 ,损伤的盲肠组织及 MDA、SOD和 GSH- Px水平逐渐恢复 ,至 2 1d基本达到正常     

E.tenella初次感染雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及增殖能力变化的动态研究

应用流式细胞术（ FCM）和MTS比色法检测雏鸡初次感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫（ E． tenella）后外周血中CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋T淋巴细胞及其增殖能力的动态变化。数据显示,E． tenella初次感染雏鸡后7～20 d CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋T 淋巴细胞比例明显高于对照组雏鸡（ P＜0．05和P＜0．01）,并且均于12 d时达到峰值。初次感染后7～20 d雏鸡外周血中CD4＋／CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群的比值明显升高,于感染后16 d时达到1．78。 E． tenella初次感染雏鸡后12～20 d外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力明显高于对照组雏鸡（ P＜0．05）,并于16 d达到峰值。试验表明E． tenella初次感染雏鸡能激活淋巴细胞产生增殖反应,CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋T淋巴细胞在抵抗E． tenella初次感染过程中有重要作用。     

Effect of ochratoxin A on Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin A (OA) on Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks were separated into two groups of 92 chicks each, with one group fed a control mash diet, and the other fed a mash diet containing 2 ppm OA. On day 14, each group was further separated into two groups, with one group inoculated with E. coli O78 (1 x 10(7) colony-forming units/0.5 ml), whereas the other group was not inoculated with E. coli. After E. coli inoculation on day 14, four birds from each group were euthanatized at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days postinoculation. Escherichia coli infection caused dullness, depression, huddling, and diarrhea. Mortality was 14.3% in chicks infected with E. coli but fed no OA. Mortality increased to 35.7% in chicks fed OA and infected with E. coli. Decreased body weight and reduced feed intake were observed in chicks fed OA, and the effects were more pronounced in chicks fed OA and infected with E. coli. Increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, and creatinine and decreased levels of total proteins, albumin, globulins, calcium, and phosphorus were observed in OA-fed birds. Escherichia coli infection did not cause significant alteration in any of the serum biochemical parameters. The presence of OA in poultry rations increased mortality and the severity of an E. coli infection.     

阿德呋啉水溶剂治疗鸡球虫病的试验研究

为了观察阿德呋啉水溶剂治疗艾美耳球虫的效果,试验设5个药物试验组、阳性及阴性对照组。70只13日龄的雏鸡随机分为7组,其中药物试验组鸡只开始给药。给药24 h后,除阴性对照组外,其余组鸡只均接种混合的球虫孢子化卵囊(5万/羽),试验后根据抗球虫指数(ACI)判断抗球虫药的疗效。结果显示所有给药组中65 mg/kg阿德呋啉水溶剂组ACI为185.54,抗球虫效果最好,为高效抗球虫药;其余阿德呋啉试验组ACI均低于180,浓度过高抗球虫效果差;妥曲珠利试验组ACI低于120,为低效抗球虫药。试验得到了最佳的使用浓度,为球虫病的防治提供了方法。     

Influence of reticuloendotheliosis on the severity of Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens

Broiler chickens free of maternal immunity to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were used in the experiment. Two groups of 25 chickens were inoculated with REV at one day of age. One of these groups and another group of 25 chickens were inoculated with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 7 days of age. Chickens inoculated with E. tenella showed bloody diarrhoea from 12 to 14 days of age. Six out of 25 chickens died (P less than 0.05) at 13 and 14 days of age in the dual infected group. At 14 days of age, when chickens were killed, the lesion score in the combined infection group, was statistically different from that in the chickens inoculated with E. tenella alone. Also the weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were lower in the two REV infected groups than in the controls. Although REV infection alone adversely affected the weight gain and feed conversion, with combined infection this effect was much greater. Following REV inoculation most of the chickens showed feathering defects and all the examined chickens were viraemic at 21 days of age. At the same age, all but one chicken failed to show precipitating antigenaemia and about one-half of these chickens showed a very low serum neutralisation titre. None of these chickens showed precipitating antibodies.     

雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫局部黏膜免疫细胞的动态变化

本试验采用免疫组化法检测柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染雏鸡后盲肠黏膜sIgA+细胞和T细胞亚群的动态变化。结果发现:sIgA+细胞和CD4+T细胞数量在感染球虫后第2天就明显升高,第5天达到高峰,随后逐渐下降。而CD8+T细胞在感染球虫后第4天,才显著增加,感染后第7天达到高峰。表明雏鸡感染球虫后,机体能迅速启动黏膜免疫应答,不同的免疫细胞在抵抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染不同阶段发挥不同的作用。     

Effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens introduced into chickens

The effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens (KGW 851) newly introduced into chickens was studied. Four groups of chickens consisted of: (1) Uninoculated controls; (2) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851); (3) inoculated with E tenella; and (4) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851) followed by E tenella. Five chickens in each group were necropsied on each of days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after the E tenella inoculation. The mean total C perfringens counts in the caecal contents increased at five days after E tenella inoculation and reached maximum counts at seven days after the inoculation. Also lincomycin-resistant C perfringens readily established itself at approximately one 10th of the total C perfringens population in the presence or absence of E tenella infection.     

接种不同剂量E.tenella对雏鸡血清抗氧化酶的影响

同一日龄雏鸡接种不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫,研究接种不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫对雏鸡血清抗氧化酶的影响。将60只健康鸡随机分为6组(n=10),分别接种0、0.5×104、1×104、2×104、4×104和8×104个孢子化卵囊。接种后7 d颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清脂质过氧化物(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明雏鸡感染不同剂量的柔嫩艾美尔球虫后,按接种剂量从低到高,血清中MDA含量先降低后升高变化差异极显著(P0.01);血清SOD活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清GSH-PX活性先升高后降低,差异极显著(P0.01);血清CAT活性较对照组极显著性降低(P0.01)。不同剂量柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染对雏鸡血清MDA含量和SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性有一定的影响。     

陕西省杨陵区鸡球虫病原种类的调查研究

对杨陵区四乡一镇的６８组鸡群进行了鸡球虫病的调查研究。结果表明，杨陵区鸡球虫病比较普遍，１５￣５０日龄雏鸡的球虫病特别严重。全区鸡的球虫平均感染率为５８．３％，在所检查的青年，成年鸡群中，笼养鸡群的球虫感染率为３５．１％，散养鸡群的球虫感染率为５７．４％。雏鸡的球虫感染率为６８．４％。经实验室鉴定，共查见柔嫩艾美耳球虫，毒害艾美耳球虫，巨型艾美耳球虫，堆型艾美耳球虫和缓艾美耳球虫和哈氏艾美耳球虫等     

Infection by Salmonella typhimurium, S. agona, S. enteritidis or S. infantis of chicks with caecal coccidiosis

Experimental infections of Salmonella typhimurium, S. agona, S. enteritidis or S. infantis were studied in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella. In all experiments, 4-d old birds were given 5 daily oral doses of approximately 10(4) salmonella organisms per bird. One day before this inoculation one group of birds received a single dose, in the range 1 X 10(4) to 4 X 10(4) sporulated oocysts of E. tenella per os whilst the other group was not inoculated and served as the control. Chicks were examined post morten 7, 10 or 14 d after receiving coccidia. With S. typhimurium infection, the number of salmonellas in the caeca of the E. tenella-infected birds was greater than in those infected only with salmonella. With S. agona and S. enteritidis, the counts of salmonella in the caeca and the numbers of birds positive for salmonella in the caeca and liver were greater in the E. tenella-infected birds. The rate of infection of S. infantis was not increased by caecal coccidiosis.