接种菌根真菌对梨幼苗养分吸收与生长发育的影响

以川梨Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham.实生幼苗为材料,盆栽条件下,接种丛枝菌根真菌根内球囊霉Glomus intraradices(GI)、摩西球囊霉G.mosseae(GM)和地表球囊霉G.versiforme(GV),研究接种菌根真菌对梨根系活力及发育的影响。结果表明,试验所采用的3种丛枝菌根真菌均能有效地侵染川梨实生苗,接种GI的菌根侵染率显著高于接种GM和GV,接种GI的菌根效应最佳,是侵染川梨根系的优势菌根真菌,菌根对根系最长侧根长、一级新根数和根体积都有明显提高,最大分别提高了16.3%、6%和13.9%,接种菌根真菌显著地提高川梨根系活力,增加根部可溶性蛋白含量,并显著促进幼苗植株的矿质营养水平。     

摩西球囊霉对芦笋幼苗生长和矿质营养吸收的影响

摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae,GM）是球囊霉属丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi,AMF）,具有对环境适应力强、应用范围广的特点。为探明摩西球囊霉对芦笋育苗的应用效果,采用营养钵育苗播种对芦笋进行GM接种处理,研究GM对芦笋幼苗生长、菌根侵染及矿质营养吸收的影响。结果表明：接种GM后芦笋幼苗生物量显著提高,植株根系具有较高的菌根依赖性。GM对芦笋幼苗根系的侵染呈现“S”形变化趋势,播种10周后,GM对芦笋幼苗根系达到较高程度的侵染,且GM菌根苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量与不接种对照相比显著提高。接种GM显著促进了植株对矿质元素特别是P的吸收,其次为Mg。接种GM培育菌根苗的技术应用于芦笋栽培可以培育壮苗,缩短苗期,节省肥料,提高养分利用率。     

不同丛枝菌根对白三叶草生长的影响

以白三叶草植株为试材,采用盆栽试验,在灭菌条件下研究了摩西球囊霉(GM)、地球囊霉(GG)、透光球囊霉(GD)、地表球囊霉(GV)4种不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对白三叶草接种效应、生长、生理生化指标、菌根侵染率及菌根依赖性的影响,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:4种AM真菌菌剂均能与白三叶草侵染形成共生体系,但不同种类的AM真菌其侵染率不尽相同;其中,以接种GV菌剂对白三叶草菌根侵染率、菌根依赖性和生长最有利,其菌根侵染率达到85.8%;接种GD菌剂对白三叶草形成较大生物量最有利,菌根依赖性高达381.5%。     

三种丛枝菌根真菌对浅裂剪秋萝生长的影响

以石竹科植物浅裂剪秋萝(Lychnis cognata Maxim)为试材,在温室盆栽条件下分别接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,GM)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,GV)和根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices,GI),研究了3种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscu-lar mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对浅裂剪秋萝形态和生长指标及根系侵染情况的影响,以期为在人工条件下利用AMF促进野生花卉植物栽培和资源开发提供参考依据.结果表明:3种AMF均能与浅裂剪秋萝形成菌根共生结构,GV、GI和GM的根系侵染率分别为35.71％、23.00％和17.50％;但浅裂剪秋萝对3种AMF的菌根依赖性无显著性差异;与对照相比接种3种AMF并未使浅裂剪秋萝株高、地上生物量、地下生物量及总生物量和根冠比产生显著差异;仅GI显著增加了浅裂剪秋萝分枝数;此外3种AMF对浅裂剪秋萝叶绿素含量与根系活力和根系结构未产生显著影响.综上所述,在该试验条件下,虽然AMF能够与浅裂剪秋萝形成菌根缠绕结构,但其因植物自身因素与培养条件等并未对浅裂剪秋萝生长产生明显影响,该结果可为进一步探索非菌根石竹科植物与AMF的相互作用提供参考依据.     

不同AMF对虎舌红幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响

以AMF真菌接种虎舌红(Ardisia mamillata Hance)幼苗为试材,采用AMF真菌接种幼苗法,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对虎舌红幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响,以期为虎舌红的栽培提供参考依据.结果 表明:AMF对虎舌红幼苗均表现出较高的侵染率,其中根内球囊霉(GI)侵染率高达84.62％;接种AMF不同程度地促进了虎舌红苗高、地茎以及冠幅的生长发育,以GI效果最佳,幼套球囊霉(GE)次之,而摩西球囊霉(GM)、层状球囊霉(GL)促生效应并不明显;几种AMF均显著提高了虎舌红叶片各类光合色素含量,GI表现最强;接种AMF后虎舌红叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均有显著提高,GI效应最强、GE次之;接种AMF后虎舌红叶片丙二醛含量均有不同程度下降,GI同样表现最为突出;相关性分析表明,虎舌红生长与生理指标的对照变化对接种AMF表现出极高的相关性,这些变化有利于植株生长发育以及增强抗性,显示出AMF对虎舌红的菌根效应.该研究表明GI可作为虎舌红菌根化苗木培育的待选菌株,其次为GE.     

丛枝菌根真菌对“金口”芹菜生长和品质的影响

为探索丛枝菌根真菌对芹菜植株生长发育的影响,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,Gm)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,Gv)和根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,Gi)为供试AM真菌,以"金口"芹菜为试材,研究了3种AM真菌对"金口"芹菜根系的侵染率、根系活力、生长和品质的影响。结果表明:不同AM真菌对芹菜根系的侵染率不同,Gm真菌的侵染率显著高于Gv和Gi。接种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜根系活力。接种AM真菌的芹菜株高、根长、地上部和根鲜重、干重均显著高于对照,其中接种Gm处理最优。接种AM真菌的植株根/冠比均显著低于对照。接种3种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜叶片叶绿素和叶柄维生素C含量,其中接种Gm真菌的芹菜含量最高;接种AM真菌的芹菜叶柄纤维素、硝态氮含量显著降低,降低幅度为GmGvGi。可见,Gm真菌为适于"金口"芹菜生长并改善品质的优良菌种。     

VA菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

用盆栽法研究了摩西球囊霉(GM)和地表球囊霉(GV)两种VA菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。研究结果表明,GM和GV两种菌根均能提高黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、茎粗和根长;GM菌根降低黄瓜幼苗的株高,而GV能提高黄瓜株高。接种VA菌根的黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力均高于未接种的对照。不同浓度的菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响不同,以接种20g的效果最好。     

VA菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

用盆栽法研究了摩西球囊霉(GM)和地表球囊霉(GV)两种VA菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.研究结果表明,GM和GV两种菌根均能提高黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、茎粗和根长;GM菌根降低黄瓜幼苗的株高,而GV能提高黄瓜株高.接种VA菌根的黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力均高于未接种的对照.不同浓度的菌根对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响不同,以接种20 g的效果最好.     

丛枝菌根真菌对大棚番茄连作土壤的改良效果

采用室内盆栽方法,在连作番茄土壤中接种1.0%、2.5%、5.0%的幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae),确定2种丛枝菌根真菌对连作土壤中番茄幼苗生长及土壤的影响。结果表明:2.5%用量下番茄幼苗及土壤理化各项指标变化显著。该添加量下,幼套球囊霉和摩西球囊霉菌的根系侵染率达到61%和80%;与对照(CK,不接种任何菌剂)相比,2种菌根真菌的根长增加了26.8%和42.4%;根系鲜质量增加了38.1%和33.3%;根系干质量增加了17.1%和17.1%;差异均达到显著水平。与播种前的土壤微生物数量相比,细菌数量显著减少了51.4%和38.4%;放线菌数量显著增加了23.2%和21.1%。土壤的全磷含量比播种前减少了33.0%和29.9%,高于CK的减少量;摩西球囊霉促进土壤速效氮的释放。总之,2种丛枝菌根真菌均可显著促进番茄连作土壤中番茄幼苗的生长和对磷素的吸收作用,以2.5%接种量效果最好,且同添加量下以摩西球囊霉的改善效果较好。     

丛枝菌根真菌对不同甜瓜品种产量及营养品质的影响

研究了大棚栽培条件下不同品种甜瓜播种时接种丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrihiza fungus,AM）GM（Glomus mossea-2）和GV（Glomus versiforme）对甜瓜产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：接菌处理的幼苗在光合速率、根系活力等生理指标上均优于对照;不同品种的单瓜质量均以接种GM的处理为最高;果实硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都有显著性下降,维生素C含量GM处理显著高于对照,但GV处理有所下降。对根系侵染率分析表明,两个供试菌剂中GM为优势菌种,‘丰雷’和‘中蜜5号’为8个供试甜瓜品种中GM的最佳宿主。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量