132份葡萄种质资源叶片对灰霉病的抗性鉴定

为明确不同葡萄种质对灰霉病的抗性差异,以132份葡萄种质叶片为试材,采用人工接种病原菌的方法鉴定其对灰霉病的抗性。结果表明,不同葡萄种质对灰霉病的抗性差异明显。对灰霉病表现高抗(highly resistant, HR)的种质2份,占鉴定资源总数的1.51%;表现抗(resistant, R)的种质14份,占总数的10.61%;表现中抗(middle resistant, MR)的种质89份,占总数的67.42%;表现感病(susceptible, S)的种质22份,占比16.67%;表现高感(highly susceptible, HS)的种质5份,占比3.79%。未发现对灰霉病完全免疫的葡萄种质,其中圆叶葡萄较抗病;其次为美洲种、欧美杂种;欧亚种易感病。此外,地方种质资源郧西葡萄对灰霉病表现良好的抗性。研究结果为抗灰霉病葡萄新品种选育及相关理论研究提供了优异的种质资源。     

不同灰霉病菌株对黄瓜幼苗的致病力分析

用采集自全国的26个灰霉病菌株，采用苗期菌片接种法和离体叶片接种法，对两个黄瓜纯系进行抗病性鉴定，分析了不同灰霉病菌株对黄瓜品系的致病力。结果表明，不同灰霉病菌株对黄瓜的致病力表现出极显著的差异，平均病斑面积在0~556.15 mm2之间。部分菌株对黄瓜不同基因型的致病力有一定差异。相关分析表明，离体叶片接种法的鉴定结果与苗期菌片接种法基本一致。     

EST-SSR标记与人工接种鉴定黄瓜种质褐斑病抗性

利用EST-SSR引物CSFR33对231份黄瓜资源进行抗病性检测,有109份资源抗病。通过对30份资源与人工接种抗性鉴定结果相比较,二者的符合率达93.33%。在实际应用中可通过标记初步进行大量材料的抗性检测,在此基础上根据需要有针对性地做人工接种抗病性鉴定,可以大大提高黄瓜种质资源抗性筛选的效率。抗病资源的获得可为抗褐斑病黄瓜新品种的选育奠定基础。     

SCAR标记与人工接种鉴定黄瓜种质黑斑病抗性

利用SCAR引物862对288份黄瓜自交系进行黑斑病抗性检测,结果有32份资源抗病.通过对36份资源与人工接种抗性鉴定结果相比较,二者的符合率达94.44%;对76份田间表现感病的材料进行标记检测,4份材料具有抗病带,符合率达94.74%.在育种应用中,可先通过标记初步进行大量材料的抗性检测,在此基础上根据需要有针对性地做人工接种抗病性鉴定,该方法可以有效提高黄瓜种质资源抗性筛选的效率.抗黑斑病资源的获得,为进行抗黑斑病黄瓜新品种的选育奠定基础.     

不同黄瓜种质材料对黑斑病的抗性评价

黄瓜黑斑病是春棚栽培黄瓜的重要病害,以采自田间分离保存的086菌株为供试菌源,利用室内苗期人工接种和田间成株期观察2种方法对30份黄瓜材料进行黑斑病的抗性评价,苗期接种筛选出9份高度抗病材料、2份抗性材料、1份中抗材料,而其他均为感病和高度感病材料。其中抗性（含中抗）材料占40%、感病材料占60%,成株期田间调查结果与苗期接种结果基本一致。说明苗期接种结果准确,接种方法可靠。同时还说明我们现有的黄瓜种质资源中蕴藏着对改良黑斑病抗性有潜在应用价值的基因资源。     

黄瓜穴盘苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定方法及枯萎病胁迫下的生理响应

建立黄瓜枯萎病接种方法,旨在实现快速、准确的黄瓜种质资源抗病性筛选.利用下胚轴注射、菌土、胚根和灌根接种法对病原菌接种浓度、摇菌时间等进行了黄瓜苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定.结果表明,下胚轴注射接种法优于其他3种接种法,当病原菌孢子最适接种浓度为1×106孢子·mL-1、最佳菌种摇菌时间为7 d时,可以有效区分黄瓜枯萎病抗感性差...     

黄瓜主要种质材料对美洲斑潜蝇抗性研究

在控制条件下,通过释放美洲斑潜蝇成虫对黄瓜主要种质材料进行选择性试验,分别以取食痕、产卵数和虫道数、为害指数等指标对黄瓜各品种进行了抗性聚类分析.结果表明:不同生态类型黄瓜种质之间没有明显一致的抗性差异,但不同品种之间抗性差异明显,其中X8-26、H48、唐山秋瓜等材料对美洲斑潜蝇抗性较强,而Z28、G11等材料则明显感虫.     

黄瓜褐斑病抗源鉴定与抗性遗传分析

通过苗期人工接种抗病性鉴定方法,对34份黄瓜种质资源进行了褐斑病抗性鉴定,从中筛选出5份高度抗褐斑病资源、2份抗病资源、3份中抗资源,其余均为感病和高度感病资源。鉴定结果说明现有黄瓜种质资源中蕴涵着潜在的改良黄瓜褐斑病抗性基因。通过对高抗/高感亲本杂交F1、F2代及回交世代的抗病性分离观察表明,符合孟德尔的1∶2∶1和1∶1的分离规律,认为抗病性由1对单隐性基因控制,感病相对于抗病为不完全显性。研究结果对黄瓜抗褐斑病育种具有重要的应用价值。     

黄瓜种质材料抗褐斑病鉴定

利用苗期人工喷雾接种方法在温室鉴定了20份黄瓜高代自交系(材料)对褐斑病菌071抗性.结果表明:有3份高度抗病材料,1份抗性材料,中抗材料1份,而其它均为感病和高度感病材料,说明现有的黄瓜种质资源蕴藏着对改良黄瓜品种抗病性有潜在应用价值的基因资源.     

源自不同寄主的灰霉病菌对黄瓜的致病力分化研究

从山东省寿光市各保护地蔬菜种植区采集黄瓜、番茄、豇豆等蔬菜灰霉病样本,分离获得8个灰霉病菌菌株。采用菌饼创伤接种法,分别测定了各供试菌株对黄瓜叶片和果实的致病力。结果表明,所有供试菌株接种黄瓜叶片和果实后均能够引起发病,不同菌株所致病斑的平均直径存在显著差异,说明灰霉病菌菌株间对黄瓜的致病力存在显著分化,不同菌株的致病力分化同菌株的寄主来源无明显相关性。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.