毛叶木姜子组织培养中无菌苗建立的初探

为进一步开展毛叶木姜子组培再生研究,获得毛叶木姜子的无菌苗从外植体取材时间、不同消毒剂浓度与时间以及外植体抗褐变等多方面对无菌苗获得的前期条件进行分析。结果表明:于5月上旬采集当年生半木质化枝条剪取茎段,0.2%HgCl 2处理12 min为毛叶木姜子无菌体系建立时的最佳消毒方式,污染率为15.56%,但外植体的褐变率较高;进一步采用正交试验设计L 9(34)进行抗褐变试验,采用多指标综合平衡法进行分析,结果表明:外植体类型、冷藏时间、PVP为外植体抗褐变及腋芽萌动的主导因素,而AC对毛叶木姜子外植体抗褐变效果不明显,予以剔除,得出毛叶木姜子外植体抗褐变的最优水平组合为选用半木质化枝条作为外植体,接种前5℃低温冷藏5 h,培养基为MS+PVP 1.00 g·L^-1。     

DREB1C-GFP融合基因植物表达载体的构建

为了便于转基因植株的分子检测,利用重叠延伸PCR（gene splicing by overlap extension PCR,SOE PCR）方法克隆来自于水母的绿色荧光蛋白基因（GFP）和来自于拟南芥的目的基因DREB1C转录因子,并对其进行改造获得融合基因。通过酶切和连接,将融合基因构建到表达载体pCAMBIA1301上,获得了具有DERB1C和GFP基因的重组表达载体pDR1-GFP,酶切和测序结果表明,该融合基因与设计相符。     

猪α乳清蛋白基因双元载体的构建和转化拟兰芥植物

将人工合成的植物化的猪α乳清蛋白基因编码区克隆到载体中,构建了带有35 S启动子--猪α乳清蛋白基因--终止子表达单元的双元载体,采用农杆菌法对拟兰芥进行植物转化.利用该双元载体上的除草剂抗性基因(Bar基因)为选择性标记进行筛选,获得了一些抗除草剂的转化植株.对转化植株后代植进行猪α乳清蛋白基因的PCR检测,证实外源猪α乳清蛋白基因已整合到植物基因组DNA中.     

美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系转抗虫基因(Bt和CpTI)的研究

以美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系南林895杨(Populus×euramericaha cv.'Nanlin895')为转基因受体材料,以嫩芽或腋芽为外植体材料组织培养再生植株,利用农杆菌介导法转化Bt基因和CpTI基因.结果显示较合适的组培再生与遗传转化系统为叶分化培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+TDZ 0.002mg/L,芽伸长培养基为MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L+TDZ 0.00lmg/L+Km 10mg/L+Carb 500mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS;预培养3d,菌液浓度OD600 1.0～1.3左右,侵染时间20min,共培养4d,叶盘转化频率可达28.7%.对Kmr植株经PCR分析,筛选获得了18株整合有Bt基因和1株整合有CpTI基因的转基因植株.部分转基因植株的初步饲虫实验表明,饲喂转基因杨树叶片可明显抑制杨小舟蛾的生长发育.     

月季的单芽扦插

单芽扦插是月季繁殖中一种比较节省扦插材料的方法。尤其适用于插穗材料较少的新品种繁殖。 1.枝条选择选用健壮、无病虫害、半木质化的新枝条,以开花枝花谢后数天腋芽已萌发时取芽为佳。 2.插穗截取在每节腋芽上端3～5毫米处,沿45℃方向截下。每个插穗保留一个芽和两片小叶,余叶除掉。     

导入Chi-linker-Glu和Bar基因获得抗真菌和抗除草剂的转基因烟草

构建重组表达载体pBIb-CG(含有Chi-linker-Glu融合基因和Bar基因),利用农杆菌介导法将其携带的Chi-linke1r-Glu融合基因和Bar基因转化烟草(Nicotiana tobaccum L.)品种红花大金子.经根癌农杆菌侵染和共培养后,用100mg/L Kar+500mg/L Cef筛选抗性芽,获得30株抗性植株,抗性植株再生率为37％;分别对抗性再生植株中Chi-linker-Glu融合基因和Bar基因的特异性引物进行PCR检测,结果27株为阳性,占90％.PCR、Southern杂交结果证明,外源基因已整合到烟草基因组中.离体抑菌试验和除草剂抗性试验表明,转基因烟草植株对木霉菌(Tricho derma viride)、镰刀菌(Fusarium solanif sppisii)和除草剂都表现出一定的抗性.     

耐碱GsCHX19基因的克隆及对苜蓿的遗传转化

基于实验室前期野生大豆G07256碱胁迫转录组数据,结合生物信息学方法筛选得到响应碱胁迫的cation/H+逆向转运蛋白基因Gs CHX19,克隆了Gs CHX19基因全长CDS编码序列并将其构建到p CAMBIA330035Su植物超量表达载体中。以肇东紫花苜蓿为受体材料,通过农杆菌介导法将重组的植物表达载体转化其子叶节,用含0.5mg/L草铵膦的筛选培养基进行筛选,获得20株抗性植株。采用PCR方法检测抗性植株中bar基因的表达,获得16株PCR阳性植株。对获得的PCR阳性植株进行RT-PCR及real-time PCR检测,鉴定共获得11株RT-PCR阳性植株,且证明Gs CHX19基因在各转基因植株中均有不同程度的表达。结果表明,Gs CHX19基因成功转化苜蓿,并且得到表达,该转基因植株将为耐盐碱转基因苜蓿新品种的培育提供重要的试验材料。     

美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系转抗虫基因(Bt和CpTⅠ)的研究

以美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系南林895杨(Populus×euramericanac‘v.Nanlin895’)为转基因受体材料,以嫩芽或腋芽为外植体材料组织培养再生植株,利用农杆菌介导法转化Bt基因和CpTI基因。结果显示较合适的组培再生与遗传转化系统为:叶分化培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+TDZ0.002mg/L,芽伸长培养基为MS+6-BA0.2mg/L+TDZ0.001mg/L+Km10mg/L+Carb500mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS;预培养3d,菌液浓度OD6001.0～1.3左右,侵染时间20min,共培养4d,叶盘转化频率可达28.7%。对Kmr植株经PCR分析,筛选获得了18株整合有Bt基因和1株整合有CpTI基因的转基因植株。部分转基因植株的初步饲虫实验表明,饲喂转基因杨树叶片可明显抑制杨小舟蛾的生长发育。     

转Sb401基因高赖氨酸蛋白玉米植株的获得

为了提高玉米中赖氨酸含量,利用基因枪技术将Sb401基因导入玉米杂交组合HiⅡAB的愈伤组织中,在添加Bialaphos浓度为1.5,3.0 mol/L的选择培养基上进行2次筛选,然后分化再生植株,对所获得的植株进行PCR检测和免疫试纸条检测。结果显示,经过2次筛选获得58株再生植株,PCR检测呈阳性的植株有38株,将PCR阳性植株再通过免疫试纸条检测,确定bar蛋白得到表达的植株有31株,结果表明,共获得31株含有目的基因的玉米植株。     

COVID-19病毒N基因在昆虫细胞内的表达

为获得具有和天然蛋白质类似功能与活性的COVID-19核衣壳蛋白并应用于实际检测中,首先根据Bac-to-bac昆虫表达系统和人工合成的COVID-19核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)序列,将pFastBac^TMHTB载体上的酶切位点BamHⅠ和XbaⅠ分别加入上下游引物,利用PCR技术对N基因进行扩增,先后连接T-Vector pMD19(simple)载体与pFastBac^TMHTB载体,并获得重组质粒pMD19-T(simple)-COV19-N和pFastBac^TMHTB-COV19-N,最终在DH10Bac细胞中构建重组杆粒DH10Bac-pFastBac^TMHTB-COV19-N并使其在昆虫细胞Sf9内进行表达,获得重组蛋白后进行SDS-PAGE和WB分析。通过PCR方法成功扩增N基因,构建的重组质粒pMD19-T(simple)-COV19-N经PCR和双酶切鉴定均证明正确,在DH10Bac细胞内构建的重组杆粒DH10Bac-pFastBac^TMHTB-COV19-N通过PC...     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.