华中樱桃种子萌发特性研究

为探究华中樱桃种子萌发特性，提高华中樱桃萌发效率，本文以湖南省湘西自治州产当年生华中樱桃种子为材料，测定其长、宽、厚和千粒重；对种子采用不剥壳、剥壳、剥壳后破皮三种处理，测定其在不同处理下的吸水性能；用0、50、100、150、200 mg·L^-15个浓度GA₃溶液浸泡剥壳后种子和剥壳后破皮种子，对带壳种子用低温层积和交替变温层积处理，研究不同处理对华中樱桃种子萌发的影响。结果表明：(1)华中樱桃种子平均长7.34 mm,平均宽5.33 mm,平均厚4.30 mm,平均千粒重68.54 g。(2)华中樱桃种壳和种皮对种子吸水性能有不同程度的抑制作用，带壳种子、剥壳种子和剥皮后破皮种子分别在吸水32 h、50 h、52 h后达到吸水饱和状态，其饱和吸水率分别为34.31%、55.25%、63.85%。(3)剥壳加赤霉素处理可打破华中樱桃种子的休眠，剥皮后破皮种子在200 mg·L^-1GA₃溶液中浸种4 h后发芽率最高，为60.67%。(4)低温层积处理珍珠岩效果优于河沙，4℃珍珠岩层积90 d处理种子...     

高盆樱桃种子萌发特性初探

高盆樱桃 Cerasus cerasoides 原生于西藏和云南地带,为我国唯一冬季开花的樱属树种。其树形优美,花色艳丽,造景效果好,目前多应用于云南地区的绿化及造林。为探索高盆樱桃种子的萌发特性,测定其长、宽、厚、百粒重、吸水特性、发芽特性以及芽苗质量指标,并初步探索种子大小对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：高盆樱桃种子浅褐色,呈卵圆状;平均长 10.56 mm,平均宽 7.89 mm,平均长宽比为 1.34,平均厚 6.06 mm,平均百粒重为 25.48 g;在培养皿铺纱布保湿的环境下种子发芽率为 42.67%;大种子发芽势、发芽率等数值均高于中、小种子,种子大小与发芽率呈正相关。     

华顶杜鹃种子特性、种子萌发和幼苗生长试验研究

以四明山区华顶杜鹃(Rhododendron huadingense)种子为试材,对种子形态、千粒质量、含水量及吸水率进行了观察与测定,研究了不同变温条件、不同浸种时间对种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响,对所得数据作方差分析和LSD检验。结果表明:华顶杜鹃单果种子数为134.1±32.3粒;千粒质量为1.180 2g;种子含水量为8.56%,吸水过程符合种子的吸水规律。浸种3、5、10、24、48h对种子萌发和幼苗生长都有促进作用,随浸种时间越长,种子萌发始发天数越短,发芽势、发芽率越高,幼苗生长越快。变温15~25℃比15~20℃能明显缩短种子萌发始发天数,提高发芽势、发芽率,且显著提高幼根、幼芽和幼苗总长。     

飞播油松种苗生物学特性对油松成苗影响的研究

为提高油松飞播成效,进行了飞播油松种子萌发特性、油松幼苗生根特性、油松的适应性等因子对油松成苗的影响研究,结果表明:油松种子自然落种时多为种子珠孔与地面平行,便于吸收天然降雨和地表水分;油松种子浸水8 h吸水率达到16.4%,之后吸水速度减缓,其发芽吸水率为164.3%;油松种子萌发后根系生长迅速且直根系发达;油松种子在高温下进行适当时间的暴晒和干热处理,均可提高种子发芽率。油松种子的这些生物学特性均表明其适宜飞播造林。     

低聚壳聚糖对栾树种子萌发的影响

采用不同质量分数(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%)的壳聚糖溶液分别对栾树种子浸种处理4 h、8 h1、6 h、20 h和24 h的种子萌发试验,以蒸馏水浸泡24 h为对照。结果表明,不同质量分数的壳聚糖处理对促进种子萌发的效果十分显著;浸种时间效果不显著;二者的交互作用对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数效果显著,对发芽速率效果不显著。综合考虑处理效果,以0.8%低聚壳聚糖溶液浸种8 h的种子发芽效果较好。     

促使种子快速发芽的方法

为了打破种子休眠 ,使种子提前萌动、幼芽适时出土、发芽迅速整齐 ,播种前 ,常常要对种子进行催芽处理。其方法主要有以下几种 :1　水浸法其目的是软化种皮 ,使种子吸水膨胀 ,促使储藏物质水解 ,以供种子发芽需要 ,同时 ,也利于抑制剂溶解浸出 ,从而打破休眠。浸种的水温和浸种时间 ,需根据种粒大小和种皮厚薄而异。比如 :刺槐、合欢、紫穗槐、皂角种子浸种水温为 80～ 90℃ ,浸种时间为一昼夜 ;紫荆、国槐、君迁子种子为 6 0～ 70℃ ,浸种时间为 1～ 3d;海棠 ,白蜡、杜梨浸种水温为 4 0～ 50℃ ,浸种时间 1～ 2 d;杨、柳、榆、泡桐种子需用…     

不同处理方式对元宝枫种子发芽的影响

本试验以元宝枫(Acer truncatum)种子为材料,研究完整种子、去除果皮、去除种皮在不同浸种方式(不浸种、25℃浸种、55℃浸种)及3种培养基质(灭菌滤纸、灭菌湿细砂、灭菌脱脂棉)条件下的发芽情况。结果表明：元宝枫翅果千粒重为170.90 g,果皮及种皮占翅果总重量30%左右;其种皮较薄,种仁长度占翅果长的1/3。元宝枫完整种子浸种24 h后可吸水至饱和状态,其果皮透水性较好,种皮对水分吸收存在一定抑制作用。剥除种皮处理方式是元宝枫种子萌发的最优种子处理方法,25℃是元宝枫种子发芽的最适浸种温度,培养基质对种子萌发的影响不显著。剥除种皮后25℃浸种处理24 h,于灭菌滤纸上培养的种子发芽率最高,为80.07%。该研究可为元宝枫播种繁育和苗木生产提供理论基础。     

浓硫酸和热水处理对铁刀木种子发芽的影响

用浓硫酸和热水处理铁刀木种子,结果表明,浓硫酸浸种6 min种子萌发效果最好,种子吸水膨胀率、发芽率和发芽势分别为99.8%9、0.0%和66.3%,比对照分别提高96、23和34个百分点;发芽指数为22.5,比对照提高1 530.4%;种子萌发天数、平均发芽速度分别为4天、1.41天,比对照降低92.3%9、3.4%。浓硫酸浸种10 min次之,热水处理种子效果不理想。     

不同处理对黄花远志种子发芽的影响

对黄花远志种子采用砂擦、赤霉素浸种、温水浸种3因素、3水平正交试验设计进行沙藏催芽对比试验。结果表明:经过处理后的种子比未经处理种子平均发芽时间早14.4 d;平均发芽率提高27.4%;温水浸种对种子发芽影响显著,赤霉素浸种、砂擦对种子发芽有一定影响;以中度砂擦+赤霉素1200倍液浸种8 h+50℃温水浸种8 h组合处理后的种子发芽率最高,达93%。     

玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

濒危树种极东锦鸡儿(Caragana fruticosa)种子的萌发特性

以濒危树种极东锦鸡儿成熟种子为材料,研究极东锦鸡儿种子物理性状和温度对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:极东锦鸡儿种荚结实率较低,且约有1/4种子受虫害;成熟种子含水量为6.6%,千粒重18.6 g。种子长、宽和厚存在一定变异。种子长度平均为0.42 cm,宽度平均为0.27 cm,厚度平均为0.24 cm,长宽比为0.64。种皮透水性良好。不同温度条件对种子发芽率具有极显著影响。25℃条件下种子发芽率最高,为38.33%。随着温度的升高或降低,种子发芽率降低。发芽试验的第八天是计算种子发芽势的适宜时期。不同温度条件对极东锦鸡儿幼苗高度的影响极显著,对胚根长度影响显著。25℃有利于幼苗高度和胚根长度的增加,较高温度(30℃)有利于幼苗生物量增加。     

不同处理对神黄豆种子发芽的影响

用剪刀剪、锉子锉、与瓜子石混搓等机械处理法以及用5%氢氧化钾、98%浓硫酸等化学处理法对神黄豆种子进行预处理,3倍种子体积沸水浸泡并自然冷却浸种48 h,观察并统计种子吸胀粒数、种皮破裂数后置床进行发芽测定。结果表明,除与瓜子石混搓处理外,其余处理均能促进种子吸水膨胀,显著提高神黄豆种子发芽率。其中以98%浓硫酸浸泡2 h处理效果最好,其吸胀率达98.0%、发芽率最高,达88.3%,吸胀破皮率、不正常发芽率均为0%;其次是锉子锉处理效果好,其吸胀率达99.0%,发芽率可达84.7%,吸胀破皮率、不正常发芽率均为0%;用5%氢氧化钾进行浸泡处理,对种子发芽有一定的促进作用,但发芽不整齐,发芽速度慢,处理14 d吸胀率为59.7%、发芽率最高为48.0%;与瓜子石混搓处理效果相对较差,对神黄豆种子发芽的促进作用不明显,吸胀率为5.0%、发芽率为5.0%。     

Effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Tamarindus indica: a multi-purpose tree species in Bangladesh

We investigated the morphology and germination of Tamarindus indica seeds in order to discover the effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on germination. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Seeds were collected from different but healthy trees from various locations in Bangladesh and subjected to four pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control, immersion in cold water (4°C for 24 h), immersion in hot water (80°C for 10 min) and scarification with sand paper. Seed germination was carried out in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in the ratio of 3:1. The average length of the fresh seeds was 1.35±0.26 cm, their width 1.07 ±0.20 cm and thickness 0.69±0.11 cm. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the germination process of seeds, which significantly increased the germination percentage with the cold water (81.67%) and scarification with sand paper (82.33%) treatments, compared with those in the control (58.33%) and hot water treatment (59.00%). In all treatments germination started on average within 5 to 7 days after the start of the treatments and were completed from 13 to 19 days later. The greatest success in germination (82.33%) was found in scarification with sand paper, followed with 81.67% in the cold water treatment. The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination closing dates, seed germination periods and germination percentages among the treatments but no significant difference among seed sources. However, the effect of the interaction between seed source variation and pre-treatment differed significantly in seed germination closing dates and germination percentages. We recommend cold water treatment (submersion of seed at a temperature of 4°C for a 24-h period) for seed germination of T. indica in rural Bangladesh.     

Optimal germination condition by sulfuric acid pretreatment to improve seed germination of Sabina vulgaris Ant.

Understanding the germination traits of plants is important not only for understanding natural regeneration processes but also for developing seedling production techniques for planting. Sabina vulgaris Ant. is a common species used for reforestation in semi-arid areas of the Mu-Us Desert, in Inner Mongolia, China, but its extremely low germination rate, both in situ and in vivo, is a bottleneck for seedling production. Sulfuric acid pretreatment was applied to improve germination, and the germination rate was compared for different soaking time (10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min), different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 30, and 35°C) and under different lighting conditions (dark and light). Sulfuric acid treatment gave a high germination rate, reaching 60% at 30 days after sowing. However, the non-treated seeds produced no germination. The optimal treatment time in sulfuric acid was 120 min. Germination after sulfuric acid treatment increased at incubation temperatures from 10 to 30°C, but decreased at 35°C. Incubation at 25–30°C gave maximum germination of more than 50%. Light treatment had little effect on germination. Pretreatment with sulfuric acid improved water absorption by the embryo by creating cracks and cavities in the seed coat tissue. These results indicated that S. vulgaris seeds have physical dormancy caused by their hard seed coats, which prevents absorption of water into the embryo. A combination of pretreatment with sulfuric acid and incubation at 25–30°C was most effective in improving the germination of S. vulgaris seeds.     

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on seed germination percentage and growth performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis>

Seed morphology, germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied. The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District, Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments (control, immersion in cold water, immersion in hot water, scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H₂SO₄). The average length, breadth and thickness were found to be (0.58±0.017) cm, (0.44±0.007) cm and (0.20±0.089) cm, respectively. Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil, coconut husk, coarse sand, and fine sand in a ratio of 3:4:1:1. Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control (43%) and cold water treatment (52%). The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper, and 75% with immersion in H₂SO₄. Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments. ANOVA showed the significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments in seed germination, but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day, closing day and total germination period. In case of height and diameter growth, seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season (from May to July). Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.     

云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子灭菌条件和萌发特性初步研究

目的]筛选云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子最佳表面灭菌条件,研究其萌发特性。[方法]筛选NaClO(2%、3%、4%)与HgCl_2(0.01%、0.1%)最佳消毒浓度组合;采用流水冲洗时间(6、12、18 h)、2%NaClO浸泡时间(5、10、15 min)和0.1%Hg Cl_2浸泡时间(5、10、15 min),设计正交试验实验,探讨2种竹种最佳表面灭菌处理的时间组合,并对竹种分别在滤纸、MS培养基以及经3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡后在MS培养基上的发芽率进行了探讨。[结果]NaClO、Hg Cl_2最佳消毒浓度组合为2%NaClO+0.1%HgCl_2;2种竹种最佳表面灭菌时间组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%Na Cl O浸泡10min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min,经此处理后云南甜龙竹和黄竹的发芽率分别为84.4%、72.2%,污染率分别为18.7%、29.6%。不同处理种子萌发率差异t检验结果显示:2种竹子种子是否经过3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡,对其在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但种子在MS培养基上的发芽率显著高于滤纸上的发芽率。经相同处理黄竹的发芽率均低于云南甜龙竹。[结论]云南甜龙竹、黄竹最佳表面灭菌组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%NaClO浸泡10 min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min;3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡处理对云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但MS培养基上种子的发芽率显著高于其在滤纸上的发芽率。     

不同产地红松种子形态特征的差异

对红松种子的9项形态特征指标研究发现,不同产地之间种子在外种皮厚、千粒重、种长、种宽、种厚、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、种皮比例9方面差异显著,气候因子影响种子的千粒重、种长、种宽、种厚、长宽比、长厚比,而地理因子影响外种皮厚、千粒重、种长、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、种皮比例。