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低钾胁迫下外源生长素对烟草根系生长及钾吸收的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
【目的】探明生长素参与低钾胁迫下植株根系的生长发育及吸钾机制,同时为提高植物体内钾素水平提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内水培法,以模式植物烟草为试验材料,通过设置2个钾浓度(5、0.15 mmol/L)和5个外源生长素(3–吲哚乙酸)浓度(0、5、10、20、40μmol/L),对植物根系生理特征、内源生长素浓度、钾素累积及钾吸收动力学和相关钾离子通道基因转录表达进行比较研究。【结果】1)与正常钾水平相比,在低钾胁迫条件下,植株地上部干重显著降低15.6%;根系扫描8项指标中,除根平均直径外,其余7项指标值均显著降低;ATPase活性显著降低43.3%;主根尖、侧根尖及叶片内源生长素浓度显著升高;钾吸收动力学参数Vmax、Km值分别显著降低了89.2%、99.6%;植株根系、叶片钾浓度分别显著降低了93.0%、62.2%;根系中内流型钾离子通道基因Ntkc1的表达量显著降低56%。2)添加外源生长素后,正常供钾植株的根系干物质重、根系活力、主根尖及侧根尖内源生长素浓度有增加的趋势,Vmax值和内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量明显增加;低钾条件下,植株表现出和正常供钾相似的规律,除此之外,低钾植株的根系生长得到明显改善,ATPase活性和地上地下部钾素浓度明显增加,外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量明显降低。3)当添加生长素浓度为10μmol/L时,与未添加生长素相比,正常供钾植株的地上地下部干重显著增加了6.05%、8.54%;根体积及根系交叠数显著增加16.5%、23.2%;根系活力显著增加了298%;Vmax值显著增加了118%;低钾植株地上地下部干重与不添加相比显著提高了5.61%、28.6%;根系活力达到113μg/(g·h), FW,为无添加生长素时的3.3倍;根系ATPase活性相对增加了87.5%;根系钾浓度显著增加250%;钾离子通道基因NKT2在根系中表达量显著增加了7.04倍,Ntork1在根系及叶片中表达量显著降低了49.5%、72.5%。【结论】低钾胁迫影响烟草根系生长及植株对钾素的吸收累积,添加适当浓度外源生长素可改善植株根系生长发育状况,增加内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量,降低外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量,且提高植株钾吸收动力学参数Vmax值、降低Km值,从而提高了植株对钾离子的吸收能力与亲和力,进而增加植株钾素浓度。 相似文献
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为探讨植物苗期根系高亲和转运系统的K+吸收动力学特征及其是否受吸NH4+的影响,采用溶液培养和添加K+通道抑制剂的方法,对低K+浓度下5种植物在有铵和无铵时的K+吸收动力学特征进行了研究。结果表明,植物根细胞K+高亲和系统的吸钾特征曲线符合Michaelich-Menten方程。不同植物K+高亲和系统的Km值之间差异较小,均在50%以内,说明不同植物的载体与K+间的亲和性差异较小;不同植物K+高亲和系统的Vmax值间差异很大,说明不同植物根细胞膜上的K4+载体数量间差异很大,这是导致不同植物在低钾条件下吸钾能力差异较大的主要原因。铵的存在可以明显降低供试植物在低钾条件下对K+的吸收速率。与无NH4+情况比较,NH4+的存在可使大豆K+吸收的Vmax减少80%;但NH4+对不同载体与K+之间亲和性(Km的影响较小,由NH4+所导致的Km的降低率均在10%以内。可见,对高亲和系统而言,NH4+对K+吸收的影响主要是由于铵竞争细胞膜上的钾载体所造成的。 相似文献
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硝酸钾和硫酸钾对番茄幼苗生长、根系形态及钾素吸收和生理利用效率的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用水培试验,研究不同钾肥种类(KNO3、K2SO4)、不同钾素水平(0、2.0、4.0和8.0mmol/L)对"天福冠露"和"毛粉802"2个番茄品种幼苗生长、根系特征及对钾素吸收、生理利用效率的影响。结果表明,随钾素水平提高,番茄鲜重、干重以及根长、根体积、根直径等根系特征显著提高。在钾素水平为4.0、8.0mmol/L时,硝酸钾处理的番茄株高、根长显著高于硫酸钾。钾素水平为8.0mmol/L时,硫酸钾根直径显著高于硝酸钾处理的;"天福冠露"施用硝酸钾的根尖数显著高于施用硫酸钾;"毛粉802"施用硫酸钾,植株的根直径、钾含量和钾素积累量显著高于硝酸钾处理。番茄水培适宜的钾素浓度为8.0mmol/L,硝酸钾有利于番茄生长发育,硫酸钾有利于番茄对钾素的吸收。在相同钾素水平条件下,2个番茄品种鲜重、干重均无显著差异。 相似文献
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低钾胁迫下水稻钾高效基因型若干生长特性和营养特性的研究 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
采用溶液培养筛选,结合田间试验,提出了采用低钾胁迫下水稻体内钾利用效率作为衡量水稻钾利用效率的指标;探讨了钾高效基因型水稻的若干生长特性和营养特性;指出低钾胁迫导致水稻生物量减少,植株生长缓慢,分蘖能力差,根系生长受到抑制,根系吸收的钠增加。水稻钾高效基因型低钾胁迫下仍具有较强的生长势(相对干重、相对株高、相对根长较大),其地上部钾/钠比值高而根部钾/钠比值较低,地上部和根部钾/氮吸收量比值较低。 相似文献
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外源氮对NaCl胁迫下库拉索芦荟生理特性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
温室盆栽条件下,研究了外施不同浓度硝酸铵对200 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下库拉索芦荟叶片离子含量、质膜透性、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累的影响。结果表明,外施不同浓度NH4NO3(3.75 ~18.75 mmol/L)能够显著增加200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株干重,明显促进芦荟叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累,提高叶片K+、Ca2+含量,抑制叶片对Na+、Cl-的吸收;同时促进K+ 和Ca2+ 向相对幼嫩叶片、Na+ 和Cl-向相对成熟叶片中的积累。外施氮显著降低盐胁迫下叶片细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量。各项指标变化表明,外施11.25和15 mmol/L NH4NO3对盐胁迫下芦荟生理特性的调控作用较好;外源氮缓解芦荟盐害与氮促进盐胁迫下叶片离子选择吸收、增加有机渗透物质积累及维持植株体内养分平衡有关。 相似文献
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水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
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提高营养液镁浓度可缓解黄瓜幼苗亚低温胁迫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1)
Original Papers (pp. 805–810) K2Ca2Si2O7, the major component of fused potassium silicate fertilizer, released potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) in a slow manner. The 10% of K in K2Ca2Si2O7 was quickly solubilized in water. Further K dissolution was very slow. The amounts of dissolved Ca and Si in water were much smaller than that of K. The decrease of the Ca and Si concentration in water indicated the occurrence of a re-deposit of Ca and Si at a later stage. The surface imaging method was used in order to study the slow-release process of K2Ca2Si2O7 in water. The surface analysis of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles after dissolution in water for 30 min showed that there were Ca- and Si-rich particles stuck on the fertilizer surface. The results of the analysis of the cross section of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles showed that the K content was lower than those of Ca and Si in the surface boundary layer. On the other hand, the mole ratio of K, Ca and Si was same inside the fertilizer particle. In the portion between the inside and the surface of the fertilizer particle, the content of K and Ca was lower than that of Si. These results indicated that the order of dissolution of fertilizer components from K2Ca2Si2O7 particle was first K, then Ca, and Si last. From the results mentioned above, the process of slow-release K was speculated to be as follows: 1) K on the particle surface was released quickly by an ion exchange reaction with hydrogen ions in water. 2) K inside the particle was released slowly because of dissolution through Si-O-Si bonds. 相似文献
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钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用大田试验,在河南驻马店烟区研究了钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响。结果表明,在施钾量相同条件下,随着钾肥的追施比例和追施次数增加,不同部位的烟叶含钾量均增加,尤其是上部叶钾含量显著增加,2次或3次追钾比1次追钾处理上部叶钾含量分别提高18.9%~26.9%、35.0%~41.1%,使耕层土壤供钾能力在整个烤烟生育期内持续稳定在较高水平,并减少了土壤钾素下移,增加了烟株总吸收钾量,显著提高了钾素的利用效率,以钾肥基追比3∶7、分3次追钾处理钾素利用效率最高,达45.48%。 相似文献
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为了探讨根区施用钾肥对黄淮烟区石灰土烤烟产量和钾素吸收利用的影响,采用田间试验,研究根区枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施对烟叶产量、钾含量以及钾素吸收利用的影响。试验共设9个处理,分别为CK、CP_1、CP_2、WP_1、WP_2、CW_(1-50%)、CW_(2-50%)、CW_(1-75%)与CW_(2-75%)(CK表示对照,CP表示只施用枸溶性钾肥,WP表示只施用硫酸钾,CW表示枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施;数字1、2表示施用量分别为225、300 kg/hm~2,百分数表示硫酸钾的配施比例)。结果表明,烟叶钾含量随生育期推进呈下降趋势,不同施肥处理各时期烟叶钾含量均高于CK;不同施肥处理下土壤钾素在垂直和水平方向上迁移距离较小,根区钾肥施用可直接有效的增加根区土壤速效钾含量;施钾(K_2O)300 kg/hm~2与225 kg/hm~2相比,可显著提高烟叶钾含量和钾肥利用效率(P0.05);CW_(2-75%)处理下烟叶钾含量、土壤速效钾含量和钾肥利用率最高,而CW_(2-50%)处理下烟叶产量最高。综上所述,根区施用含75%硫酸钾的枸溶性钾肥300 kg/hm~2(CW_(2-75%)处理)可有效改善黄淮烟区石灰土钾素养分,提高该区烤烟产量、钾含量与钾肥利用效率,达到优质高产。 相似文献
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以云烟87为材料,通过小区田间试验,研究了优质烤烟对不同种类钾肥的吸收效应。结果表明,与不施钾对照相比,施钾增加了烟株干物质积累。不同钾肥品种间相比,在移栽60 d以后,以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理干物质积累量最高。施钾提高了土壤速效钾含量和烟株钾含量,在移栽后45 d以前,以碳酸钾处理对土壤速效钾和烟株钾含量的提高效果最好;在移栽60 d以后,土壤中速效钾和烟株各部位钾含量均以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理最高。收获期与常规硫酸钾处理相比,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理钾素利用率分别提高16.81和7.93个百分点。从烤后烟叶钾含量分析,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理均显著提高了烟叶钾含量。综合分析,以生物包膜缓释钾肥和碳酸钾肥代替常规硫酸钾肥能提高钾素利用率和烟叶钾含量,建议在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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土壤非交换态钾与结构态钾能够区分吗? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nonexchangeable K (NEK) is the major portion of the reserve of available K in soil and a primary factor in determining soil K fertility. The questions of how much NEK is in soils and how to quantify total NEK in soils are so far still unclear due to the complicated effects of various minerals on K fixation. In this study, the NEK in 9 soils was extracted with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaBPh4) for various time periods longer than 1 d. The results showed that the NEK extracted by NaBPh4 gradually increased with time, but showed no more increase after the duration of extraction exceeded 10--20 d. As the temperature increased from 25 to 45 oC, the duration to obtain the maximum extraction of NEK was reduced from 20 to 10 d, and the maximum values of NEK released at both temperatures was almost the same for each soil. The maximum NEK (MNEK) of the 9 soils extracted by NaBPh4 varied from 3 074 to 10 081 mg kg-1, accounting for 21%--56% of the total soil K. There was no significant correlation between MNEK released by NaBPh4 and other forms of K, such as NH4OAc-extracted K, HNO3-extracted K and total K in soils, which indicates that NEK is a special form of K that has no inevitable relationship to the other forms of K in soils. The MNEK extraction by NaBPh4 in this study indicated that the total NEK in the soils could be differentiated from soil structural K and quantified with the modified NaBPh4 method. The high MNEK in soils made NEK much more important in the role of the plant-available K pool. How to fractionate NEK into different fractions and establish the methods to quantify each NEK fraction according to their bioavailability is of great importance for future research. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):371-385
Abstract Although the basic chemistry and behavior of potassium in the soil is well understood, little of this knowledge is used in soil testing and practical soil fertility mangement. In this study the K buffer behavior of three individual soils (Hagerstown silt loam (Typic Hapludalf), Gatesburg sand (Entic Haplorthod) and Gilpin channery silt loam (Typic Hapludult)) was investigated. The buffer relationships determined indicated very different K behavior for these soils even though exchangeable K soil tests indicated similar K levels. It was also determined that for these soils the buffer relationship was apparently independent of previous K management, indicating that the K buffer behavior could be included as part of soil characterization data. The role of nonexchangeable K in determining K buffer behavior was also investigated. It was found that the levels of solution K where the release of nonexchangeable K becomes measurable (0.27 ‐ 0.83 × 10‐4 M) are similar to solution K levels reportedly required for crop growth (0.02 ‐ 0.95 × 10‐4 M). It was also found that these soils were capable of maintaining a relatively high level of exchangeable K even after extraction of significant amounts of nonexchangeable K with sodium tetraphenyl boron. It was concluded that K buffering behavior of individual soils could and should be included in K management decisions involving corrective soil treatments and/or crop removal estimation. Otherwise, based on current soil tests, soils with very different K buffer behavior will be treated similarly. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):913-921
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the minimal exchangeable potassium (minimal K) status of fifteen smectite dominant soils and its relationship with K uptake and plant mobilization rate of soil reserve K. Exchangeable K reached minimal level decreasing about 35% from initial K status after 350 days of continuous cropping. Soils with high clay content and initial K status showed higher minimal exchangeable K. Cumulative K uptake by six successive crops varied from 160 mg kg‐1 to 823 mg kg‐1 and plant mobilization of soil reserve K varied from 0.151 mg kg‐1 day‐1 to 1.880 mg kg‐1 day‐1 among soils. Minimal K explained well the variation in total K uptake (r=0.85) and plant mobilization rate (r=0.83) as compared to initial exchangeable K status of soils (r=0.67 and 0.59, respectively) suggesting that the former is a better index of K supplying capacity of soils than the later. 相似文献