药用蔬菜——薯蓣

薯蓣,一名山药,属薯蓣科多年生缠绕藤本,原产我国,自古为著名药用蔬类植物,早在春秋时代的《范蠡计然》及古代奇书《山海经》中,就有关于薯蓣的记载。在古书上,“薯蓣”也写作“藷藇”;由“薯蓣”改称“山药”一般认为是宋以后的事。据《本草衍义》、《尔雅翼》诸书所记,因唐朝代宗名预(豫),避讳将“薯蓣”改为“薯药”,又因宋英宗名曙,便进而把“薯     

话说山药

山药自古以来就是我国著名的药用蔬菜,早在夏、商朝的许多古书中就有记载。古人对山药的药用功能十分赞赏,如东晋干宝撰的《搜神记》说:“食此令人不畏风波,辟寒暑。”《本草经》说:“主伤中,补虚羸,除寒热邪气。”并且特别指出:山药能“益气力,长肌肉,久服耳目聪明,轻身不肌,延年。”中药材里有一味历来受医家重视的中药——怀山药,就是河南省怀安府(今沁阳县)出产的山药。山药属薯蓣科,是多年生蔓性草本植物。地下有块茎,地上有缠绕茎。叶对生,心脏形,也有三尖角或箭形,从叶腋抽生侧枝,有的品种还抽生珠芽(俗称“山药豆”)。夏季开淡黄色或乳白色小花,呈穗状,很少结实;蒴果有3个翅。 山药还是食疗珍品。据《宋史》记载:王文忠公病重时“帝手和药并薯蓣粥赐之。”中医药学上用山药作益精气、健脾胃、补肺肾药,其性平,味甘,主治脾胃虚弱、泄泻、消渴、遗精、带下等症。现代医学公认:山药     

菜用山药山地高产优质栽培技术

<正>山药是薯蓣科(Dioscoreaceae)植物薯蓣(Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)的通称,块茎为常用中药"淮山药",为滋养强壮剂。除了入药外,山药更多的是作为一种高级蔬菜供人们食用,其肥大的块茎富含淀粉、黏蛋白等多种营养成分,肉质洁白,可以煮食、烫火锅、油炸、烙饼等,深受人们的     

紫山药种质资源及其利用研究

1 紫山药的起源紫山药(Dioscorea alata L.)为薯蓣科薯蓣属参薯种草本蔓生性食用植物,又名大薯、参薯、脚板薯、紫莳药、紫淮山[1].原产亚洲热带地区,主要分布在我国南方沿海诸省的温暖地带,如浙江、湖南、广东、广西、福建、江西、云南、台湾等地,以及印度尼西亚诸岛,另外非洲也有大面积栽培;而在北方地区种植较少.实际上它是野山药和褐苞薯蓣共同进化而来的一个栽培种,属于山药的近缘植物,不过其性状、品质都和山药十分接近,民间一般都把它当作山药来栽培,也选育了许多优良品种.     

平遥长山药无公害高产栽培技术

长山药也称山药、薯蓣，系多年生缠绕藤本。以其圆柱形肉质块茎供人们食用，同时可以入药。长山药块茎中富含人体必需的16种氨基酸、多种维生素和矿物质钾、磷、钙、镁及铁、锌、铜、锰等微量元素。早在4000多年前，我国就有用山药熬粥食用的历史，古人称山药粥为“神仙粥”；明代大医学家李时珍在《本草纲目》中对山药的药用功效有明确描述：“山药治诸虚百损，疗五痨七伤”。     

山药无公害栽培技术

山药又名薯蓣和长芋,属于薯蓣科。山药块茎含蛋白质1.5%、碳水化合物14.4%,并含有多种人体所需的维生素、矿物质、氨基酸等营养物质,具有很高的食用和药用价值。山药有风水山药、河南淮山药、济宁米山药等品种,灌南县种植的淮山药即是其中     

山药栽培的主要病虫害及其防治

山药又名薯蓣、野山药、淮山,属薯蓣科,以其肥大的块根或圆柱状根供食用,营养价值较高。近年来随着农业产业结构的调整,山药种植面积也逐年增加,给农民带来了可观的经济效     

山药常见病虫害的防治技术

<正>山药又称薯蓣,为薯蓣科薯蓣属一年生或多年生缠绕性藤本植物,产品器官为块茎。即是食用的佳蔬,又是常用的药材,是出口换汇的传统产品。河南省山药栽培面积较大,由于常年病虫危害,致使山药产量下降,品质变劣,降低了其使用价值。为了摸清本省山药的病虫害种类、发生时期及其对山药产量的影响,并提出有效的防治方法,我们于2010年开     

焦作铁棍山药

正铁棍山药又称怀山药,河南省焦作市特产,中国国家地理标志产品。秦汉时《神农本草经》记载:山药以河南怀庆者良。焦作古称怀庆府,北依太行,南临黄河,自然条件得天独厚,山药、地黄、菊花、牛膝"四大怀药"驰名中外。山药作为"四大怀药"之首,医家评价其"温补""性平",是"药食同源"的典范。铁棍山药为怀山药中的珍品,因其色褐间红、质坚粉足、身细体长,外形酷似铁棍而得名。     

山药田蛴螬发生规律及综合防治技术

<正>山药即薯蓣科薯蓣,以肥大的块茎供食用或药用,其营养价值高,深受消费者的喜爱。近年来,陕西华县柳枝镇山药种植面积逐年扩大,但蛴螬对山药的危害有明显上升的趋势,严重影响当地山药的质量和产量。因此,控制蛴螬的发生是保证当地山药优质、高产的必要措施。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量