吉林省市售豆芽中7种植物生长调节剂的含量监测分析

采用GC-MS监测豆芽中4-氯苯氧乙酸、萘乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-D-乙酯、2,4-D-丁酯、吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸等7种植物生长调节剂的含量状况,以了解吉林省市售豆芽中常见植物生长调节剂的滥用情况。抽取的14批次豆芽样品中,4-氯苯氧乙酸、吲哚乙酸两种调节剂均有不同程度的检出,4-氯苯氧乙酸的检出值在0.07~0.99mg/kg范围,检出率高达71.4%;吲哚乙酸的检出值在0.77~40.82mg/kg范围,检出率达21.4%。说明,豆芽市场滥用植物生长调节剂的现象依然存在,豆芽市场有待进一步监管和规范。     

液相色谱串联质谱法检测双孢蘑菇培养料中四环素类药物残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)建立双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)培养料中四环素、二甲胺四环素、土霉素、甲烯土霉素、脱氧土霉素、金霉素、去甲基金霉素7种四环素类药物残留的定量分析方法。双孢蘑菇培养料以等体积Na2EDTA McIlvaine缓冲溶液(pH 4.0)和甲醇的混合液涡动,超声提取(35KHz,5min)。以HLB固相萃取柱进行净化富集,LC-MS/MS检测,结果表明:在5.0~200.0μg/L的线性范围内,7种四环素类药物的峰面积与其浓度呈良好线性关系,方法最低检出限为5.0μg/kg;在5.0、20.0、100.0μg/kg三个添加水平下,培养料基质中7种四环素类药物的回收率为80.3%~92.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~8.0%。该方法可以同时满足双孢蘑菇培养料中7种四环素类药物残留检测的需要。     

不同因素对糙皮侧耳子实体和培养料中多菌灵残留富集及消解规律影响

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)-二极管阵列检测器(PDA)和液相二级质谱(LC/MS/MS)方法测定多菌灵在添加浓度范围分别为0.025~1 mg/kg和0.05~10 mg/kg 时在糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)子实体和培养料中的残留量,结果表明：多菌灵在子实体和培养料中的平均添加回收率分别为93%~99%、93%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均为3%~6%。在0.1%、0.3%多菌灵有效成分用量下拌料施用后,糙皮侧耳第一和第五潮菇(菇柄、菇盖和全菇)中多菌灵残留量分别为0.089~0.077、0.533~0.485 mg/kg,低于欧盟关于多菌灵在新鲜菇类中的最大残留限量标准。多菌灵在子实体各个部位的富集能力由强到弱为菇脚>菇柄>全菇>菇盖。培养料中多菌灵的消解符合一级动力学模型,菌袋部位、菌丝和灭菌对培养料中多菌灵消解均有影响：菌袋上部(距离栽培袋底部22 cm处)的培养料中的多菌灵消解快,半衰期33 d短于中部(距离栽培袋底部11 cm处)的36.47 d和下部的63 d;培养料中菌丝生长有利于多菌灵消解,高压灭菌(0.1 Mpa 压力下,121℃灭菌2 h)可以有效地促进农药消解。灭菌后降解率达91.8%和85.9%,未灭菌时培养料中多菌灵含量基本稳定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用菌中维生素D_2含量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,UPLCMS/MS)技术建立食用菌中维生素D_2的测定方法;优化质谱条件中的加速电压及碰撞电压,色谱条件中的色谱柱、流动相及其比例。优化结果如下,加速电压选择120 eV,定量子离子与定性子离子的碰撞电压分别选择22 eV和12 eV,色谱柱选择ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5μm),流动相选择甲醇-水,其比例为95:5(v/v)。方法学考察结果表明,在0.1～40μg/mL浓度范围内,维生素D_2的峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为20.0μg/kg,定量限为60.0μg/kg;回收率为77.0%～92.5%,相对标准偏差(relative stardard deviation,RSD)为2.1%～4.9%,方法准确可靠,可满足食用菌中维生素D_2含量的测定需要。对0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 kJ/m~2不同剂量短波紫外线照射后的双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)、糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)和香菇(Lentinus edodes)中维生素D_2的含量进行测定,结果表明4种剂量短波紫外线照射均能显著提高3种食用菌中维生素D_2的含量,在实验范围内,维生素D_2的含量随照射剂量的增加而增加。同一照射剂量处理,糙皮侧耳所含维生素D_2最多,其次为双孢蘑菇、香菇。     

几种常见植物激素对平菇菌丝生长速度的影响

为了研究几种常见植物激素(植物生长调节剂)对平菇菌丝生长的影响,试验在含一定质量浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和6-苄氨基嘌呤(6BA)的固体平板上接种平菇菌丝,并观察其生长.结果表明,五种植物激素未改变平菇菌丝长势,菌丝洁白、浓密,菌落边缘整齐,但却...     

植物生长调节剂对大叶栀子水插生根的影响

以水插大叶栀子枝条为试验,研究了3种植物生长调节剂IAA(吲哚乙酸)、IBA(吲哚丁酸)和NAA(萘乙酸)对大叶栀子枝条的生根影响。试验结果表明:200mg/LIBA处理1.5h后枝条插水生根效果最好。     

超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法检测水果中6种植物生长调节剂

以苹果、葡萄、猕猴桃、桃和脐橙为试材,建立了水果中6种常用植物生长调节剂(矮壮素、赤霉素、氯吡脲、多效唑、噻苯隆和2,4-D)的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测方法(UPLC–MS/MS)。试样采用改进的QuEChERS方法进行前处理,用1%醋酸乙腈提取,选择ODS+MgSO_4进行净化,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标定量法。结果表明,6种植物生长调节剂在1~100μg·kg~(-1)质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,4个添加水平下(1、20、50和100μg·kg~(-1))的加标回收率在60.77%~119.43%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.18%~32.94%之间。苹果、葡萄、猕猴桃、桃和脐橙中6种植物生长调节的检出限(S/N=3)依次为0.01~0.14、0.01~0.18、0.01~0.08、0.003~0.11和0.01~0.08μg·kg~(-1),定量限(S/N=10)依次为0.02~0.46、0.03~0.59、0.04~0.28、0.01~0.38和0.03~0.25μg·kg~(-1)。     

不同基质和植物生长调节剂对木通扦插生根的影响

以木通(Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne.)当年生枝条为试验材料,研究分析不同基质处理和萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)3种植物生长调节剂不同浓度处理对木通扦插生根率、平均根数、平均根长的影响。结果表明:木通扦插基质以泥炭土︰珍珠岩︰蛭石按2︰1︰1体积均匀混合配制的基质效果最佳;3种植物生长调节剂对木通扦插成活和生根质量均有显著的促进作用,以吲哚丁酸(IBA)浓度300mg/L速蘸30s左右效果最好,生根率为83.38%,平均根数为8.0条,平均根长为8.38cm。     

生长调节剂对油茶扦插生根效应的影响研究

以‘湘林4号’油茶为试验材料,研究生长调节剂吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、萘乙酸(NAA)及其不同浓度(50 mg/L、150 mg/L、300 mg/L)对油茶扦插生长的影响。结果表明:生长调节剂IAA、IBA、NAA对油茶扦插生根具有明显的促进作用,且均以浓度150 mg/L的效果最佳。3种生长调节剂中,NAA和IBA的促进作用最强,显著高于IAA。     

矿质元素与植物生长因子对木蹄层孔菌菌丝体生长的影响

以木蹄层孔菌菌丝在不同培养基上的菌落直径及生长势为考察指标,研究不同质量浓度无机盐、维生素、植物生长调节剂对木蹄层孔菌菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明200μg/m L K+,400μg/m L Na+,0.6μg/L吲哚乙酸,0.6μg/L和0.4μg/L的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸,1μg/L和0.4μg/L的赤霉素对木蹄层孔菌菌丝生长具有极显著的促进作用,微量元素和维生素对木蹄层孔菌菌丝体生长没有促进作用。     

Rapid micropropagation of Psoralea corylifolia L. using nodal explants cultured in organic additive-supplemented medium

Summary

The influence of different growth regulators and additives on shoot multiplication from nodal explants of Psoralea corylifolia was investigated. Prolific shoot multiplication was achieved within 4 weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5 μM benzyladenine (BA), 5 μM ascorbic acid (AA), 100 mg l^–1 casein hydrolysate (CH) and 5% (v/v) coconut water (CW). Shoots elongated on half-strength MS basal medium devoid of inositol, but containing 5 μM 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), 10 g l^–1 sucrose and 8 g l^–1 agar. Elongated shoots rooted on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 3 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 10 g l^–1 sucrose and 7 g l^–1 agar within 5 d of culture. The in vitro-raised plants were established successfully in 2:1:1 (v/v/v) garden soil:farmyard soil:sand, and maintained in a growth chamber with 100% survival. Acclimatised plants were transferred to a glasshouse and established successfully in the field. Flowers and fruits appeared after 4 months and resembled those on source plants. This system could be used for rapid commercial propagation of P. corylifolia for conservation strategies and to produce phytomedicines.     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中福美双残留量

建立食用菌中福美双残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法.新鲜食用菌子实体样品粉碎后经二氯甲烷超声(53 Hz)提取20 min,离心(3320 g、5 min),二氯甲烷经氮气吹干,甲醇定容后用HPLC测定.以等体积甲醇和0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,1 mL/min等度洗脱,在0.05～10 μg/mL范围内,福美双的峰面积与其浓度呈线性相关,R≥0.999,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg,添加回收率为79.4％～90.2％,变异系数为1.15％～7.51％％.     

Factors affecting the efficacy of agar-based substrates for the study of tomato pollen germination

Summary

The present work examines the effects of substrate additions and incubation conditions on in vitro germination of tomato pollen on semi-solid, agar-based substrates with the ultimate aim of defining a standard semi-solid substrate for tomato pollen germination studies. Partial replacement of sucrose by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for osmotic regulation of the substrate significantly increased pollen germination of both the low temperature-susceptible F₁ cultivar ‘Dombito’, and the more temperature-resistant cv.‘Supermarmande’, to a level that varied according to the season of pollen harvest. In contrast, partial substitution of sucrose by mannitol was inhibitory to an extent that depended on the final concentration of mannitol in the medium. The optimum pH for germination was 6.5 and the optimum incubation temperature was 15°C. Among the vitamins (riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine, niacin, pantothenic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid), amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid), casein hydrolysate, plant growth regulators (gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-propionic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, kinetin) and flavonoids (naringin, myricetin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin) tested, a significant increase in pollen germination was induced only by the flavonoids quercetin and myricetin and, to a lesser extent, by indole-3-acetic acid. In contrast, both kinetin and naringenin were inhibitory, as were both amino acids at 100 mg l^–1 and casein hydrolysate (at 1.0 – 10.0 g l^–1). On the basis of the above results, we conclude that, for both tomato cultivars tested, the most suitable semi-solid substrate among those examined was that containing 10% (w/v) sucrose, 15.1% (w/v) PEG-6000 and 1.5% (w/v) agar, with the possible addition of 5 mg l^–1 quercetin, or 5 mg l^–1 myricetin.     

三种杀虫剂对从南京食用菌大棚随机捕获的Bradysia的防治效果

采用浸渍法和喷雾法分别测定了吡蚜酮、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪对发生在南京食用菌生产大棚中的1种迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia sp.)进行室内毒力和田间防治效果试验,并对喷药后第7天的糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)子实体采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定农药残留量。结果显示:吡蚜酮、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪对眼蕈蚊都有杀虫活性,其中噻虫嗪效果最好,LD50为58.27mg/L,稀释1000倍施用,7d后黄板上成虫数显著低于其它处理;噻虫嗪处理第7天,糙皮侧耳子实体中残留量低于20μg/kg。因此,食用菌栽培中,噻虫嗪用于防治南京眼蕈蚊,安全有效。     

Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L., cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Beurré Bosc’

Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement.     

Factors affecting tissue culture of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the regeneration ability of Damask rose. Single-node explants were surface sterilised with 10% chlorox for 15 min and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (Kin) separately or in combination with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Combination of 2.5–3 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l IBA was the most suitable treatment for proliferation. In vitro derived shoots were subcultured four times on the fresh medium within a 4-week period. Other treatments such as explant orientation (horizontal, vertical and oblique) and explant wounding were also examined but did not affect shoot multiplication rate significantly. Several experiments were carried out to stimulate in vitro rooting of Damask rose. Application of different media such as MS, 1/2 MS, 1/3 MS and 1/4 MS with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), IBA and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not produce satisfactory results. Quick-dip method using sterilised 0–2000 mg/l IAA, IBA and NAA solutions was also studied. Other treatments such as using various concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in combination with various concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA, and using various concentrations of sucrose and agar did not produce any roots. The best treatment for rooting of shoots was 2.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 2 weeks in MS medium and then transferring the explants to MS medium without any growth regulator. Plantlets were acclimatised in a soil mixture consisting of peat moss and sand 1:1 (v/v) and successfully transferred to the greenhouse after 3 weeks.     

棉籽壳不同预处理与平菇子实体中游离棉酚的含量

通过在100 ℃和126 ℃下灭菌及堆积发酵等处理的含87%棉籽壳的培养料来栽培平菇,然后测定平菇子实体中棉酚的含量,结果发现棉酚含量均在国家安全标准(≦0.02%即200 mg/kg)以内,其中以堆积发酵18 d的培养料栽培得到的平菇子实体棉酚含量最低,只有24.00 mg/kg.     

火龙果中螺螨酯残留检测及膳食摄入风险评估

【目的】建立螺螨酯在火龙果全果和果肉中的残留检测方法,并对火龙果果肉中的残留量进行膳食摄入评估。【方法】样品中螺螨酯加乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺和石墨化碳黑净化,离心,上清液过滤膜后超高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱检测,外标法定量。【结果】火龙果全果和果肉中螺螨酯平均回收率分别为87%~105%和81%~90%,相对标准偏差分别为4.6%~13%和6.6%~8.1%。火龙果全果和果肉中螺螨酯的最低检测浓度(w,后同)均为0.01 mg·kg^-1。【结论】按本试验设计进行施药,不同采收间隔期火龙果全果和果肉中螺螨酯的残留量分别为<0.71 mg·kg^-1和<0.14 mg·kg^-1。螺螨酯的普通人群国家估计每日摄入量是0.003 1 mg,占日允许摄入量的0.5%左右,认为对一般人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险。