水分胁迫及VA菌根接种对绿豆生长的影响

本文采用土培试验研究了水分胁迫下接种VA菌根真菌Glomusmosseae,G .sp .和G .caledonium对绿豆生长及代谢活动的影响。结果表明 ,水分胁迫严重抑制了植株的生长 ,但对VA菌根真菌的侵染能力影响不大。接种VA菌根真菌不仅有利于植株对土壤中磷和氮的吸收 ,而且明显改善了植株的水分状况 ,降低了植株叶片的脯氨酸含量 ,提高了接种株叶片的光合效率 ,显著增加了植株干物质量 ,增强了绿豆的抗旱性或耐旱性。 3种真菌中 ,以Glomusmosseae的接种效果最好。     

接种AMF提高干旱胁迫下土壤微生物活性和燕麦抗旱能力

【目的】研究接种AMF (arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi)提高干旱胁迫下土壤微生物生物量和酶活性，及提高土壤养分有效性的效果，为旱作区作物生产提供菌根调控技术。【方法】盆栽试验连续进行了两年，供试燕麦品种为‘坝莜18号’，栽培基质为生土与河沙以3∶1混合，每盆添加N 0.315 g、P₂O₅ 0.087 g。试验设两个土壤相对含水量(田间持水量的75%和55%)，并分别设接种AMF和不接种AMF处理，共4个处理。在燕麦抽穗期取样测定土壤微生物特性指标和养分含量，及燕麦各器官氮、磷积累量；成熟期测定燕麦籽粒产量。【结果】接种AMF条件下，55%土壤相对含水量处理的燕麦根系AMF侵染率比75%土壤相对含水量处理显著降低23.28%～33.35%。与正常水分条件相比，干旱胁迫显著降低了土壤微生物生物量碳和酶活性，降低了土壤有效氮、磷含量，pH和有机碳含量升高。干旱胁迫下，与未接种AMF相比，接种AMF显著提升了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和磷含量，提高了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，速效磷含量显著增加了4.92%～5.41%，...     

硅对水稻叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响及其与白叶枯病抗性的关系

以感白叶枯病的水稻品种日本晴(Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare)为材料,在溶液培养条件下,研究了硅对接种白叶枯病菌后的水稻病情指数、叶片丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量以及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂氧合酶(LOX)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响。结果表明,施硅能显著降低水稻白叶枯病的病情指数,防治效果达62.86%。接种白叶枯病菌后48 h内,施硅处理的水稻植株,叶片中丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著升高;显著提高感病植株叶片中脂氧合酶(LOX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性;促进过氧化氢(H2O2)在植物体内积累,加强膜脂过氧化作用。因此,硅可通过参与植株体内代谢,调节抗氧化系统酶活性,激发机体过敏反应(HR),增强植株对白叶枯病抗性。     

丛枝菌根真菌对蚕豆秸秆降解及玉米养分和镉铅吸收的影响

  【目的】   丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF) 有利于作物对养分的吸收。在镉、铅污染的土壤中,作物常将镉、铅积累在秸秆中,随着秸秆的还田而释放回土壤。探究前茬蚕豆秸秆还田和丛枝菌根真菌 单施或联合施用对土壤肥力、后茬玉米的矿质养分与镉、铅吸收的影响,为AMF 在调控污染农田轮作体系矿质养分与镉铅累积的生态功能提供新认识。   【方法】   采用四室隔板分室系统进行蚕豆秸秆降解试验,供试土壤和蚕豆秸秆均来源于云南省会泽铅锌矿区污染区,土壤全镉和铅含量分别为4.5和269.0 mg/kg,蚕豆秸秆镉和铅含量分别为1.9和10.9 mg/kg。将蚕豆秸秆粉碎至粒径0.5～2.0 mm装入尼龙袋中,埋于土壤内进行腐解培养试验。玉米盆栽试验设4个处理:污染土壤对照 (CK)、接种AMF菌根 (AMF)、添加蚕豆秸秆 (SI)、接种AMF菌根同时添加蚕豆秸秆 (SI+AMF)。分析AMF对蚕豆秸秆降解、矿质养分 (N、P、K) 与镉铅释放、土壤速效养分含量、玉米生长、矿质营养和镉铅吸收的影响。   【结果】   接种AMF显著提高蚕豆秸秆的降解量、矿质养分和镉铅释放量,促进蚕豆秸秆降解。与AMF处理相比,AMF+SI处理玉米根系的AMF侵染率提高了12%。SI处理显著增加土壤速效养分含量和玉米植株钾含量,降低玉米根部的镉含量,但对玉米株高和生物量没有显著影响。接种AMF、SI+AMF处理显著提高土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量,增加玉米氮、磷、钾含量与吸收量,显著提高玉米株高和生物量,同时显著降低土壤有效态镉、铅含量和玉米植株镉、铅含量。双因素分析表明,接种AMF和添加秸秆对土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量影响显著,但接种AMF对植株矿质元素吸收量、土壤有效态镉、铅含量和植株镉、铅含量作用显著,接种AMF与添加秸秆对各测定指标没有显著的交互作用。   【结论】   AMF能促进前茬秸秆降解、养分和镉铅的释放。接种AMF在提高土壤氮、磷、钾养分含量,降低有效态镉、铅含量,提高玉米对氮、磷、钾的吸收,降低镉和铅在玉米植株内的积累量等方面,均显示出良好的应用前景。虽然接种AMF与秸秆还田没有表现出显著的交互作用,但秸秆还田可增加AMF在玉米根部的侵染率,因此,在使用AMF菌剂时应考虑秸秆还田。     

非充分灌溉下柑橘相关酶体系变化的研究

本试验以W·默科特盆栽苗为试材进行5个土壤相对含水量(SRWC)梯度(85%、65%、45%、25%、5%)的非充分灌溉处理,研究柑橘叶片保护酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标随土壤和植株水分变化的规律.试验表明,随着SRWC减少过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性上升,而MDA含量变化不明显,当RWC=45%(中度胁迫)时保护酶活性达最高.因此,非充分灌溉能显著提高水分利用率,也能为柑橘节水抗旱的生理机制研究提供理论依据.     

不同水分条件下沙漠豆生理指标的变化

运用常规的植物生理抗旱性测定方法,对引种植物沙漠豆在不同土壤水分梯度下叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）3种保护酶等指标的变化进行研究。结果表明：1）脯氨酸含量随干旱胁迫程度的增强逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白质先降低后升高,二者之间存在相互补偿关系,可溶性糖含量呈现先升高再降低的变化趋势,表现出渗透调节物质对干旱的调节作用;2）3种保护酶活性在不同水分处理过程中变化不同,CAT活性表现为升高,SOD在中度干旱水分条件下升高,至重度干旱水分条件下则降低,POD活性的变化与SOD活性变化相反,保护酶之间相互配合协同作用维持了沙漠豆叶片细胞膜的完整性;3）丙二醛浓度随干旱胁迫程度的增强而升高,表明沙漠豆随水分不足可以通过增加渗透调节物质含量、增强保护酶活性、提高抗氧化能力,来减轻干旱胁迫的伤害。     

水分胁迫下施磷对潮土玉米苗期叶片光合速率、保护酶及植株养分含量的影响

水分胁迫是潮土区玉米苗期生长的主要限制性因素,本研究采用水磷二因素完全随机设计的盆栽试验,设水分胁迫(W_1,田间持水量的70%~75%)和充分供水(W_2,田间持水量的85%~90%)2个水分处理;磷素处理设对照不施磷(P1)、施磷0.05 g·kg~(-1)土(P2)、0.10 g·kg~(-1)土(P3)、0.15 g·kg~(-1)土(P_4)和0.20 g·kg~(-1)(P5)5个处理,研究水分胁迫下施磷对玉米苗期叶片光合特性、酶活性及养分吸收的影响,为潮土区农田水分和磷素合理施用提供科学依据。研究结果表明:水分胁迫(W1)降低了玉米苗期净光合速率(Pn),W_1较W_2叶片Pn平均降低了27.96%;显著提高了玉米苗期丙二醛(MDA)含量,平均提高41.93%,水分胁迫还降低了过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。在W1条件下施磷达到P_2水平叶片Pn即显著提高27.56%,而在W_2条件下施磷量只有达到P_4、P_5高水平时Pn才显著提高,在W_1条件下施磷对MDA的抑制效果明显弱于W_2。W_1条件下施磷量在P3水平POD和CAT活性最高,而在W_2条件下POD和CAT活性在P4达到最大值。W_1条件下适宜的施磷量(P_2至P_4)可以增加苗期玉米植株氮磷含量,但对钾含量影响较小;在W_2条件下增施磷有利于植株氮磷含量的增加,但钾素含量出现降低。综上,适宜的施磷量对潮土玉米苗期水分胁迫有一定的补偿作用,在本试验条件下,P_3处理在水分胁迫下更利于光合产物积累和玉米苗期抗逆性提高。     

菌根化育苗对玉米生长和养分吸收的影响

【目的】丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)侵染作物根系形成菌根共生体系对于作物吸收磷具有重要作用,但该结果大多来源于室内受控试验,有限的田间试验因环境条件、试验材料与接种技术等差异致使AMF菌剂应用效果不一。本研究通过玉米菌根化育苗和田间移栽,分析了接种AMF对玉米生长、养分吸收、籽粒产量及养分含量的影响,以期推进菌根技术的实际生产应用。【方法】以自交品系玉米B73为供试作物,于2018年5月至10月在北京市延庆区进行了田间试验。田间小区设置基施磷(+P)和不施磷(–P)处理。供试AMF为Rhizophagus irregularis Schenck&Smith BGC AH01。玉米种子催芽后,分别播入加入AMF菌剂(+M)和菌剂过滤液(–M)的育苗钵内,培养两周后移栽至田间。玉米在田间条件下生长至拔节期时,使用便携式光合仪测定叶片光合速率与气孔导度,取样测定地上部与根部干重和养分元素含量,同时测定菌根侵染率;在玉米完熟期取样,测定籽粒百粒重、籽粒产量及养分含量。【结果】无论田间施磷与否,接菌植株根系的菌根侵染强度和丛枝丰度均显著高于不接菌植株。不施磷情况下,+M处理显著提高了玉米根系干重,玉米生长的菌根依赖性(163.7%)显著高于施磷情形(124.1%)。–P–M处理玉米叶片的光合速率和气孔导度显著低于其他3个处理。–P+M处理玉米叶片的光合参数、玉米地上部和根部磷含量与+P+M均无显著差异。与–P–M处理相比,–P+M显著提高了玉米籽粒产量和百粒重,同时也提高了籽粒中锌、锰、镁等矿质养分的含量,且与+P+M处理相比均无显著差异。【结论】玉米幼苗接种AMF后再移栽到田间,可以显著提高拔节期玉米根系的菌根侵染率,促进玉米地上部和根部对磷及锌、锰和镁的吸收,进而促进玉米的生长,提高籽粒产量和养分含量。本试验条件下,菌根化育苗可以达到与施磷同样的效果,在保障作物不减产的前提下减少磷肥施用量。     

亚精胺引发对水分胁迫下水稻种子活力及幼苗生理特性的影响

以抗旱性不同的水稻品种旱116和湘早籼32号为材料,分别用0.25mmol·L-1的亚精胺(Spd)和水引发处理36 h后,在浓度为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG6000溶液中进行发芽试验,并测定幼苗生理生化指标。结果表明,Spd和水引发处理可显著提高水稻种子在水分胁迫条件下的活力,促进幼苗生长,显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)和Spd的含量,明显降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。表明Spd和水引发处理对提高水分胁迫下水稻种子活力及增强幼苗抗旱性具有重要作用。试验还表明,引发处理对抗旱性较强的水稻品种旱116的引发效果好于抗旱性较弱的湘早籼32号,Spd的引发效果好于水。     

空气相对湿度对野生葡萄的生理影响研究

试验研究气温30℃、不同空气相对湿度(60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)条件下“华东葡萄”和“里扎马特”野生葡萄叶片水势、气孔开度、蒸腾速率、电导率、脯氨酸与丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性变化结果表明,随湿度的增加,“华东葡萄”和“里扎马特”叶片水势增加,而电导率、蒸腾速率、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性下降,脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性则先降后升。“里扎马特”在相对湿度为70%~80%、“华东葡萄”在相对湿度为80%~90%时脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性值均最低,可初步认定其是二者最适生长湿度。     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对玉米秸秆降解的影响

为研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对玉米秸秆降解的影响,利用玉米秸秆为材料制成网袋,采用盆栽试验,以玉米(Zea mays L.)为宿主植物,分别接种Glomus intraradices和Glomus mosseae,于30,40,50,60d时收获后分析玉米秸秆降解量和C、N释放量,并运用Olson的指数模型Bt/B0=e-kt计算玉米秸秆及C、N的降解系数。数据表明,接种G.intraradices、G.mosseae显著提高了玉米秸秆降解量和降解系数,与不接种处理相比,分别高出5.21%,6.26%。C释放量、碳素降解系数也明显增加。接种处理减少了N释放量,且氮素降解系数随时间延长而下降。接种处理玉米秸秆的C、N降解系数不同直接反映了其降解速度的差异,进而影响了玉米秸秆的C/N,使秸秆更易于降解。研究结果显示出丛枝菌根真菌在生态系统氮循环中具有重要意义。     

磷胁迫下AMF对玉米生长的影响

研究在低磷的南方酸性红壤中,3种磷水平(20、40、60 m g/kg)下,接种丛枝菌根真菌G.m osseae和G lom us versif orm e对玉米营养生长的影响。结果表明,菌根的形成可使玉米的株高、鲜重增加,促进玉米的营养生长;在低磷水平下,菌根侵染率最高,玉米的株高、鲜重增加也最显著,其中接种G.m osseae的处理其株高和茎叶鲜重的增加达到极显著水平。     

外源磷与AMF对间作玉米种植红壤无机磷形态的影响

通过三室隔网分室盆栽模拟试验,研究了分室不同磷(P)源[无机磷(磷酸二氢钾)和有机磷(大豆卵磷脂),P添加量均为50 mg·kg-1]添加和根室接种不同丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)[Glomus mosseae(GM)、Glomus etunicatum(GE)]对间作玉米种植红壤无机磷形态的影响。结果表明:无论接种与否,间作处理使根室土壤有效磷含量显著降低,说明间作能够促进玉米植株对土壤有效磷的吸收,且有效磷的耗竭从根际土壤开始。除OP50-单作玉米处理的Org-P外,接种AMF均一定程度增加了各形态无机磷含量。此外,根室土壤有效磷的主要组分为Ca2-P、Al-P和Org-P,其中Org-P与土壤有效磷有着极显著的负相关关系。     

大豆/玉米间作体系中接种AM真菌和根瘤菌对氮素吸收的促进作用

利用大豆和玉米之间根系不同分隔方式的盆栽试验,研究了在玉米/大豆间作体系中接种大豆根瘤菌、AM真菌Glomus mosseae和双接种对间作体系氮素吸收的促进作用。结果表明,双接种处理显著提高了大豆及与其间作玉米的生物量、氮含量,双接种大豆/玉米间作体系总吸氮量比单接AM菌根、根瘤菌和不接种对照平均分别增加22.6%、24.0%和54.9%。大豆促进了与其间作玉米对氮素的吸收作用,在接种AM真菌和双接种条件,间作玉米的AM真菌侵染率提高,大豆根瘤数增加; 接种AM真菌处理,不分隔和尼龙网分隔比完全分隔玉米吸氮量的净增加量是未接种对照的1.8、2.6倍,双接种处理分别是对照的1.3和1.7倍。说明在间作体系中进行有效的根瘤菌和AM真菌接种,发挥两者的协同作用对提高间作体系土壤养分利用效率,进一步提高间作体系的生产力有重要的意义。     

Phosphorus uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil temperature and mycorrhizal infection

A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil temperatures of 20, 15 and 10°C on growth and phosphorus (P) uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Galleon) inoculated with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. Vesicular‐arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza formation was significantly reduced as the soil temperature decreased. Plant growth depression due to temperature stress was more pronounced in mycorrhizal plants than in non‐mycorrhizal plants. The lower the soil temperature, the higher was the root‐shoot ratio. The ratio was also higher in non‐mycorrhizal plants than in mycorrhizal plants. Concentration of P in roots was influenced by mycorrhiza. Significant interaction between mycorrhiza and soil temperature was observed for root dry matter and specific P uptake (P uptake per unit weight of root). Compared to non‐mycorrhizal plants, specific P uptake in mycorrhizal plants was higher.     

丛枝菌根真菌对万寿菊生长、吸镉及生理特性的影响

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Glomus intraradices, Glomus constrictum and Glomus mosseae, on the growth, root colonization and Cd accumulation of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) at Cd addition levels of 0, 5 and 50 mg kg-1 in soil. The physiological characteristics, such as chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity, of Tagetes erecta L. were also investigated. The symbiotic relationship between the marigold plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was well established under Cd stress. The symbiotic relationship was reffected by the better physiobiochemical parameters of the marigold plants inoculated with the three AMF isolates where the colonization rates in the roots were between 34.3% and 88.8%. Compared with the non-inoculated marigold plants, the shoot and root biomass of the inoculated marigold plants increased by 15.2%- 47.5% and 47.8%-130.1%, respectively, and the Cd concentration and accumulation decreased. The chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents in the mycorrhizal marigold plants increased with Cd addition, indicating that AMF inoculation helped the marigold plants to grow by resisting Cd stress. The antioxidant enzymes reacted differently with the three AMF under Cd stress. For plants inoculated with G. constrictum and G. mosseae, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased with increasing Cd addition, but peroxidase (POD) activity decreased with increasing Cd addition. For plants inoculated with G. intraradices, three of the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased at high levels of Cd addition. Overall, the activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in the plants inoculated with AMF were higher than those of the plants without AMF inoculation under Cd stress. Our results support the view that antioxidant enzymes have a great influence on the biomass of plants, and AMF can improve the capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reduce Cd concentration in plants to alleviate Tagetes erecta L. from Cd stress.     

Effect of Phosphorus Additions and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculation on the Growth,Physiology, and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat Under Two Water Regimes

Drought stress greatly affected the growth and development of wheat in the world, while wheat growth could benefit through improvement of water status and nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal symbiosis or addition of phosphorus (P). Experimental treatments were (a) phosphorus addition (0 and 90 kg/ha), (b) soil water condition (40% field capacity and 95% field capacity), and (c) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus intraradices) (noninoculation and inoculation) which were conducted in a growth chamber. The results showed that addition of phosphorus and AMF inoculation significantly increased the relative water content and specific leaf area of flag leaves especially under 40% field capacity (water deficit (WD)). The leaf gas exchange parameters were all decreased under WD. The water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous WUE (WUEi) was enhanced by WD, AMF inoculation, and phosphorus addition. AMF inoculation and WD significantly decreased the carbon isotope discrimination (CID) of leaf. The P concentrations in stem, grain, and leaf were significantly increased by phosphorus addition, WD, and AMF inoculation. Significant correlations were found between WUE and grain P, stem P, and leaf P concentrations. Leaf CID was significantly negatively correlated with WUE and stem P concentrations. Inoculation of AMF or phosphorus addition could improve the growth, physiology, and phosphorus uptake in spring wheat under drought conditions.     

丛枝菌根真菌对玉米锌、磷拮抗作用的影响

【目的】 利用丛枝菌根 (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AM) 真菌与作物互利共生的关系来提高作物对锌的吸收是缓解锌、磷拮抗作用的途径之一,本试验在不同锌、磷浓度条件下,研究了接种AM真菌对玉米侵染和锌、磷吸收的影响,以期为揭示AM真菌影响锌、磷拮抗作用的机理提供理论依据。 【方法】 采用盆栽试验,设置三个施磷水平 (0、200 、400 mg/kg),两个施锌水平 (0、5 mg/kg),2个接菌水平[接菌 (+AM)和不接菌 (–AM)],共12个处理,每个处理4次重复。利用生物镝灯补充光照,在人工光照植物培养室内植株生长50天后,地上部与根部分别收获,测定其生物量、锌磷的含量和吸收量。 【结果】 施磷和接种AM真菌都显著提高了玉米植株生物量,不施锌条件下,施磷从0 mg/kg增加到400 mg/kg,玉米植株地下部和地上部生物量分别提高6.67倍、9.30倍。接种处理对玉米植株生物量的影响也有相同的趋势。在锌水平为5 mg/kg、磷水平为200 mg/kg的条件下,接种AM真菌玉米植株地下部磷的吸收量和含量分别增加了110%、55%;在同一锌、磷供给条件下,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米对锌的吸收量,地下部和地上部分别是未接种处理的1.71倍和1.68倍。随着施磷水平的不断提高,玉米植株的锌含量会逐渐下降。不施锌条件下,施磷从0 mg/kg增加到200 mg/kg,玉米植株地上部锌含量降低36%,与之相反,接种AM真菌后地上部锌含量增加35%。但在高磷条件 (400 mg/kg) 下,接种AM真菌对玉米植株锌磷含量和吸收量影响均不显著。 【结论】 在本试验条件下,施磷抑制玉米对锌的吸收,接种AM真菌可提高玉米锌磷的含量和吸收量,有效缓解玉米锌磷拮抗作用,改善玉米的锌营养状况。      

接种丛枝菌根真菌对土壤水稳性团聚体特征的影响

为了研究接种丛枝菌根真菌对土壤团聚体特征的影响,采用盆栽试验,以小麦(Triticum aestivuml)为宿主植物,在两个不同供磷水平条件下,分别接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus intraradices和Glomus mosseae,收获后分析土壤团聚体数量、分布和分形维数,并运用通径分析对不同作用因子进行统计。结果看出,与对照相比,接种丛枝菌根真菌显著提高了土壤中有机质含量、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量,土壤水稳性大团聚体数量也显著增加。接种处理提高了土壤的平均重量直径、几何平均直径,而且降低了土壤分形维数。通径分析表明,在影响土壤水稳性大团聚体的众多因子中,菌丝密度具有最大的作用,且以直接作用为主;有机质和球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白也表现出较大的作用。接种G. mosseae对改良土壤结构的作用优于接种G. intraradices。     

The Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Efficiency of Wheat Plants

The effect of indigenous soil and selected mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus (P) applications on wheat yield, root infection and nutrient uptake was monitored for two successive years under field conditions. In addition, phosphorus efficiency and inoculation effectiveness (IE) were determined. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were used as host plants in a Menzilat soil series (Typic Xerofluvents) in the Mediterranean coastal region of Turkey. Three levels of phosphorus were applied with Glomus mosseae to wheat plants over two successive years. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased root colonization. G. mosseae-inoculated plants in both years exhibited a two-fold higher root colonization than the indigenous mycorrhizal colonization. Compared with non-inoculated plants, mycorrhizal inoculation increased wheat yield for both years. In addition, increasing P fertilizer levels enhanced the wheat grain yield. In both years, the inoculum efficiency (IE) decreased with increasing P level addition. Phosphorus efficiency is higher under low P application than the higher P application. However, with mycorrhizal inoculation P efficiency is higher than the non-inoculated treatment.

The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant nutrient concentrations were determined: mycorrhiza-inoculated plants exhibited a higher zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) nutrients concentration than non-inoculated plants. After two years of field experiments, it is concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation can be used in large arable areas; however, it is also very important to manage the indigenous mycorrhiza of arable land.