毒死蜱·溴虫腈15%悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

本文介绍以C18色谱柱,UV280nm为检测波长,用乙腈/水=85/15(V/V)做流动相,在C18色谱柱上同柱测定毒死蜱和溴虫腈含量,其变异系数分别为0.47%和0.27%,回收率分别为99.92%和99.81%,相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 2。     

应用玉米秸秆生产淡紫拟青霉36-1菌株孢子

为降低淡紫拟青霉36-1菌株生产成本,以玉米秸秆和玉米粉不同配比筛选,并通过添加氮源、碳源等单因子试验及玉米秸秆、玉米粉、米糠、硫酸铵等4个因子3水平正交试验。筛选出淡紫拟青霉36-1菌株固体发酵最佳产孢配方为:玉米秸秆∶米糠∶玉米粉=6∶4∶15(质量比),硫酸铵含量为1g/kg,含水量50%,其发酵产物产孢量为7.77×109个/g(干重)。发酵产物在室温下贮藏2~11个月,孢子萌发率仍达90%左右。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水中春雷霉素的含量

建立了水中春雷霉素含量的超高效液相色谱质谱联用测定方法。样品用SCX固相萃取小柱净化,以HPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱(2.1×50mm,1.7μm)分离,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式测定,外标法定量。春雷霉素检出限为0.01mg/kg。在0.01、0.05、0.1mg/kg 3个浓度添加水平,回收率为86.4%～93.9%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.8%(n=5)。     

高效液相色谱法检测三氯杀螨砜含量

本方法采用高效液相色谱仪检测三氯杀螨砜含量。色谱柱采用250×4.6mm C18不锈钢柱,流动相为甲醇∶水(0.1%磷酸水溶液)=80/20,流速1mL/min,检测波长230nm,三氯杀螨砜在0.05~0.4mg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为100.42%(n=6),RSD为0.79%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好。     

适宜黄绿木霉T1010生长培养料筛选

木霉广泛存在于土壤、根际及其它基质中,对植物土传病原真菌具有拮抗作用。扩大生防因子黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride)T1010培养料范围是利用生产地资源扩大生产、大面积应用的前提。本试验通过测定黄绿木霉T1010的菌丝生长和分生孢子生长,黄绿木霉T1010在固体基本培养基上生长,最佳碳源为淀粉;优化了培养条件,确定最适宜种子培养用PD培养基,摇瓶培养,生长时间3d后,菌丝生长量为5.75g/ml;最经济适宜扩大培养基为玉米15g/L,豆粉5g/L,摇瓶培养3d后,菌丝生长量为5.83g/ml;最适宜的、经济的固体发酵培养基为麦麸∶醋渣∶水=2∶1∶3.3,发酵产物孢子量为2.46×1010cfu/g。本文研究确定黄绿木霉T1010腐解培养料的能力为多方面扩大生产黄绿木霉制剂提供了科学依据。     

克·杀单颗粒剂的反向离子对色谱分析

本文采用反相离子对色谱及双通道检测分析克·杀单颗粒剂。以LichrospherRp-8不锈钢柱为色谱柱 ,0.01mol/L四丁基溴化铵 (pH=3.2) +乙腈=70+30为流动相 ,双通道检测 :杀虫单检测波长为245nm,克百威检测波长为280nm。该方法的标准偏差分别为杀虫单0.015、克百威0.0066;变异系数分别为0.79%、1.21% ;线性相关系数分别为0.9999、0.9999,平均回收率分别为99.04%、98.83%。     

GC-MS联机技术对克菌丹原药及其主要杂质的定性分析

气相色谱和质谱联机是分离和检测有机物及其杂质和代谢产物,并进行定性定量的一种有效方法。本文采用GC-MS对克菌丹原药主成分及其主要杂质进行定性分析,并确定了2个主要杂质。GC条件为:HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25um),氦气1mL/min,进样口温度200℃,柱温从50℃(1min)→200℃(10℃/min,2min)→280℃(20℃/min,2min),进样量1μL。MS条件为,离子源230℃,扫描范围12~350amu。     

呋喃虫酰肼在甘蓝和土壤中残留量的液相色谱测定方法研究

本文建立了呋喃虫酰肼在甘蓝和土壤中残留量的液相色谱定量检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,过SPEFlorisil小柱净化,采用150mm×4.6mm,C18不锈钢色谱柱,以甲醇∶水（75∶25）为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长230nm,外标法定量进行HPLC测定。方法的线性范围在0.01～1.0mg/L,方程y=2075.9X-146.81,相关系数0.9999;最小检出量为0.001ng,最低检出浓度0.01mg/kg,回收率为80.1%～102.5%。     

春雷霉素在水稻田水和土壤中的残留及消解动态

采用固相萃取(SPE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立了一种检测水稻田水和土壤中春雷霉 素残留的方法。田水样品直接过滤后经阳离子固相萃取(SCX-SPE)柱净化;土壤样品用V(丙酮)∶V(水)=3∶7的混合溶液超声提取后经相同方法净化。以庚烷磺酸钠为离子对试剂,采用离子对反相高效液相色谱法(IP-HPLC)进行检测。方法的线性范围在0.05~5.0 mg/L之间,相关系数(r)为0.999 9。当春雷霉素在田水和土壤中的添加水平分别为0.01~0.5 mg/L和0.01~0.5 mg/kg时,其在田水中的平均回收率在83.8%~92.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.67%~5.21%;土壤中的平均回收率在79.7%~84.5%之间,RSD为4.39%~5.62%。方法的检出限(LOD)在田水和土壤中分别为0.001 mg/L和0.001 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)分别为0.01 mg/L 和0.01 mg/kg。采用所建方法对广东、广西和湖北3地2011年春雷霉素在田水及土壤中的消解动态进行了检测。结果表明:其在水稻田水及土壤中的消解动态曲线均符合一级动力学方程;在田水中消解迅速,半衰期分别为2.88 d(广东)、2.52 d(广西)和2.68 d(湖北);在土壤中的消解速率比水中的慢,半衰期分别为4.12 d(广东)、5.41 d(广西)和4.89 d(湖北),属于易降解农药(t1/2 < 30 d)。     

苯醚甲环唑10％水分散粒剂的高效液相色谱分析方法

采用高效液相色谱法,使用Nova-PaKC18150mm×4.6mm不锈钢色谱柱,以甲醇∶水=95∶5(V/V)为流动相,在检测波长254nm、流速为0.6mL/min条件下,苯醚甲环唑与杂质能较好分离。该方法回收率为99.45%~100.43%,相对标准偏差0.79%,变异系数为0.46%。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.